Handbook for Engineered Stone Paving and Maintenance(2014)

Handbook ForArtificial Stone PavingAnd Maintenance(2014 Version)

Wanfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

Wangfeng Engineered Stone Technology Co., Ltd.

ContentsClassification Of Stone And Definition Of Artificial Stone.......................1

Factors Determine Performances Of Artificial Stone.................................2

About Radioactivity Of Artificial Stone.....................................................3

Tips For Artificial Stone To Be Bright As Before......................................4

Technique For Artificial Stone Flooring.....................................................5

Classification Of Dry-hanging Methods...................................................11

Solutions For Hollowing, Lifted Edge And Cracks..................................13

Solution For Scratches And Water Corrosion...........................................20

Crystal Surface Maintenance Of Ground Renovation..............................27

Precautions For Daily Maintenance---Showrooms And Malls.................33

FAQS---General Knowledge....................................................................37

FAQs---About Construction.....................................................................41

Wanfeng’s Integrated Service...................................................................45


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Classification Of Stone And Definition Of Artificial Stone

As a kind of top-grade building materials, decorative stone is known by few peopleabout its classification and functions. Artificial stones can mainly be classified intonatural stone and artificial stone. Normally, the stone in the market are marble, granite,terrazzo and synthetic stone. Among the marble stones, the white marble is oftop-grade.Granite is harder than marble. Terrazzo is made from cement, stone granule.etc. Synthetic stone uses gravel of natural stone as its raw material, which is thenpressed and polished with adhesive. The last two of the stones mentioned above areartificial stones. Thus they are harder than the natural stone.

Wanfeng Engineered Stone Co., Ltd is a national high-tech enterprise combiningtechnology R&D, production, sales, application design, site construction andafter-sale maintenance services of artificial stone and its deep processed products.Products of Wanfeng stone includes artificial marble, quartz stone and inorganicstone.

1. Artificial Marble Series

Wanfeng artificial marble can be classified into exquisite marble, rough aggregatemarble and hardened marble. Now Wanfeng has full-fledged products of fivegenerations, with seventy or eighty color patterns.

The raw materials for artificial marble are aggregate, filler(natural marble and itspowder) and binding material(unsaturated polyester resin). Sometimes, in order toenhance its decorative effect, shell, glass or even materials with metallic luster willalso be used as raw materials. After the stirring, vacuum pressing, vibration moldingand solidifying process, stone block is then incised and polished into decorativeartificial stone.

Production process of artificial marble--- Stone block method


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2. Quartz Stone Series

Wanfeng quartz stone uses natural quartz as its raw material and is produced throughthe unique platen process. The platen process includes some patent techniques, likeautomatically material distribution, top-grade pressing system and ultra-pure system.

Artificial quartz consists of more than 90% natural quartz and quartz powder, andabout 10% resin, pigment, and other additives used for binding and solidification.After the process of vacuum-negative pressure, high vibration and moderatesolidification, artificial quartz can have the following incomparable features: highresistance of scratch, pressure, heat,corrosion and permeation. Thus artificial quartz isa kind of top-grade stone with broad market prospects.

Production process of artificial quartz---platen process

3. Inorganic Stone Series

Inorganic stone can be called inorganic marble, which is made from inorganic bindingmaterials with aggregate and filler. Filler can be natural quartz, granite, feldspar ormarble, etc. The production process of inorganic stone is basically the same with thatof the artificial stone, which means the stone block method and platen process.

Compared to the traditional artificial stone, inorganic stone solves the problems ofoutdoor usage (inorganic stone can be used outdoor), cement mortar paving and othertechnical problems. It’s a kind of green and environmental decorative material withbroad development prospects.

Factors Determine Performances Of Artificial Stone

The main factors that determine the performances of artificial stone include density,water absorption, Mohs hardness, abrasion resistance, flexural strength andcompressive strength, CLTE (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion), acid-resistance, gloss, etc.

The greater density means more compact of molecular structure, which leads to

Raw Materials Vacuum PressingDistribution

InspectionStorage & Delivery Cutting & Polishing Solidification

Mixing &Stirring

http://www.iciba.com/linear/

http://www.iciba.com/expansion/


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more stable products. Water absorption is the percentage that the quantity of water absorbed by stone

pores against the quantity of the stone. Stones with different water absorptionhave different performances.

The higher the compressive strength and flexural strength are, the better thequality is.

Mohs hardness indicates the abrasion resistance. Higher Mohs hardness meansbetter abrasion resistance.

acid-resistant indicates the anti-corrosion. Gloss represents light reflection performance of the stone surface.

About Radioactivity Of Artificial Stone

What is radioactivity, how does it happen?

In nature, elements with unstable nucleus that sometimes spontaneously changes intonew nucleus of other element, are called radioactive elements. In the process of fusionor fission, these elements release a special kind of ray (referred to as alpha, beta,gamma rays depending on their nature). This phenomenon is known as radioactivity.

2. Radioactivity is a common phenomenon in the physical world. The human bodyitself is a radioactive source. Therefore,don't be too scared at radioactivity from stones.General objects have very low radiation,and will not endanger human health.China has established three kinds of standards (A, B, C) regarding stone radioactivity.Only those that meet standards of A can be used in the room.

Is the artificial stone radioactive? How do we identify?

During the sedimentation process, the natural stone accumulated a number of unstableelements, which leads to the result of exceeding the limit. But with raw materialsstrictly screened, excessive radioactive elements have been completely removed fromartificial stones, which enables our products to fully conform to class-A standards forcivil radioactive protection of building materials (GB6566-2001 standards).

Is it that the deeper the color, the stronger the radioactivity？

Is it true that the deeper the color, the stronger the radioactivity is? There are differentviews on this issue. Generally speaking, the granites with red, green color and spottedseries are more radioactive (such as Indian red, cuckoo red). The granites of dark(including black, blue and dark brown) and gray series are less radioactive (e.g.Mongolia black, etc.).


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Tips For Artificial Stone To Be Bright As Before

Decorative artificial stone is a high-end decoration in decoration industry. Comparedto other decorations, it shows its natural nobility and outstanding elegance. However,just like people need health care, artificial stone needs maintenance, and only in thisway can it maintain its long-lasting noble elegance.

As mentioned above, artificial stone won’t stand still. What’s more, problems willhappen. In order to prevent problems occurred on them, we can pay more attention tothe following three points. Do you want long-lasting new and bright artificial stone?Then let’s see the tips together!

1. Selection of artificial stone

Decoration designers decide what kind of artificial stone they need for the groundonly according to aesthetic effects, and they rarely consider if the artificial stone issuitable for the occasion. Of the exposed problems of artificial stone application,many of them are related to improper material selection.

2. Installation of artificial stone

Firstly, according to different occasion, we should apply different maintenance plan.For example, we need to decide what kind of artificial stone maintenance compoundwe should use.Only to choose the right maintenance compound can we get twice themaintenance result with half the effort.

Secondly, it’s the artificial stone installation skill. A construction team equipped withprofessional skills can ensure installation speed and good effects, at the same timereducing many problems during installation, for example, edge crack, scratch and soon. If there’s little or no such edge crack and scratch problems, we don’t need to usethe refurbishing machine to polish crystals. However, in fact, most of thenewly-installed artificial stones need polishment with machine to achieve overallsmoothness and gloss.

3. Regular crystallization treatment for artificial stone

Using artificial stone maintenance compound as the daily maintenance, we can alsoapply regular refurbishment and crystallization treatment according to the specificsituation of the artificial stone.


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Technique For Artificial Stone Flooring

For installation of any kind of stone, the whole installing process is to assemblevarious kids of materials. Thus the final installation effect is related to not only theconstruction process, but also the performance and matching of the materials. Takingthese into account, Wanfeng designed specific installation methods for different stoneslabs and different application environments. The installation methods are as follows:

Installation Methods Applicable conditionsSoft-base Method Products of 1st, 2nd, 3rd generationHard & Thin Base Method Products of 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation

Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base Method Products of 4th generation and northernplaces with low temperature and warm water

Methods for Flooring Wanfeng StoneWhen making the plan for flooring, we should pay more attention to the followingfactors:

1. For indoor usage, no strong acid, alkali or high temperature;2. Thickness more than 16.5mm, size for long size less than 800mm;3. Use two-component polymer modified mortar of high performance as adhesive

(dry powder + emulsion);4. Use suitable filler of high flexibility, stain resistance and good refurbishment;5. Reasonable construction arrangement, another construction should not be allowed

while flooring in case of early hollowing;6. Overall quality control, avoid early defects and solve the problems in time.

1) Plan for ground application1.Tools

Gypsum plasterboard or cardboard, crossing locator(control the width of betweenjoints), stirring vat, electric mixer, sawtooth trowel, putty knife, rubber hammer, levelbar, etc. Pictures are as follows:


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2.Temperature of the groundIn northern places with low temperature and warm water, we can use Wanfeng J15adhesive for flooring. Size should be less than 600mm (smaller size, more safety).Choose filler with good flexibility. Use reliable constructive materials and control theconstruction process and products protection strictly.

3.Guidance for leaving joints and products protection:Operation Key Points

MortarPreparation

Cement:Sand = 1:2 (in volume), add the water until we can hold themortar to be a shape and shake the mortar to disperse it; use simpleportland cement above 32.5 and sands of medium or thick size with lessthan 3% mud and no other organic impurities. (Notice: pave more than3cm mortar in thickness.)

CoatingAdhesive

Uncover the stone slab and add adhesive to four edges of the slab toreduce the hollowing probability. Then use a dry duster or a brush toclean away dust, oil or rust on the adhesive surface of the slab. Addadhesive to the back of the slab and chamfer the edges.

FillingJoints

Width of 2~3mm. Fill the joints five days after paving (later is better).Use a cutting knife to cut the joints, clean them up and fill the jointswith flexible fillers of the same color with the slab (1 day forsolidification). Refurbishment can be done 10 days after the paving.

StructuralJoints

Normally, leave a structural joint every 5~8m with width of 5~8mm.Use a U-shape slot to fill it. Within one year after the construction, donot seal the structural joints, for they are used for release the moisture.Don’t pour water over them in daily usage.

ProductProtection

Three days after the paving, do not step on the stone, move the goodson the stone, set up the ladder or do another construction with heavyequipments on the stone. If another construction is needed to be done,


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in order to avoid early hollowing, use a firm pad while constructing, forexample using a soft pad to build plywood.

QualityControl

We should uncover a slab every 30m2 for quality checking whilepaving. When doing the polishing maintenance, check the edgescarefully to see if there’s any hollowing appeared. If there’s hollowingor other quality problems, we need to repair the hollow or pave the slabagain in time.

Fillers

Use 200~250g professional flexible filler WF-82 every square meter. Itcan be polished with high stain resistance. But under condition of hightemperature difference, slabs with high Shore hardness can havecracking, unrepairable hollow or other problems.Silicone adhesive filler is of good flexibility, which can adjust togrounds of high temperature difference. Yet it can not be polished, andits stain resistance is very low.

CrystalSurfaceTreatment

Quartz stone uses the jade crystal glaze for maintenance while artificialmarble and inorganic stone use the Wanfeng maintenance set.

2) Soft-base PavingWhen the base is not very flat with not enough extension or shearing strength to dohard-base paving, we need to use dry-wet mortar for paving. Instruction picture is asfollow:


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Producing Process:

Adhesive powder S7120 Paste adhesive with sawtooth trowel

Cross-section drawn

3) Hard & Thin Base MethodWhen the ground base conforms to the following requirements, we can use the thinbase paving method:

1. Clean base with no dust, oil, stain, wax, paint, water, curing agent or sealingagent, etc;

2. Difference of base height not over 3mm within the area of 2m;


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3. Enough structural strength to bear the predicted load; when bearing the highestload, deformation of the central point not more than 1/360 of the whole stone.

4. Water content of the concrete and mortar base less than 5%;5. Shearing strength not less than 0.5MPa, extension strength not less than 1.0MPa;6. Concrete base should be maintained more than 28 days.

Guidance for hard & thin base method

Producing Process

4) Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-base MethodThis method is applicable to warm grounds or products of 4th generation. Guidancepicture is as follow:


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Producing Process

5) Paving method for heating floor1. Temperature changes quickly in areas of heating floor. Speed of the rising or

falling of the temperature is very high. Thus serious expansion and shrinkagehappens on the slabs. When paving under this condition, pay attention to thefollowing points:a. Cohesiveness and flexibility of the adhesive

Choose Wanfeng J15 adhesiveb. Consistency of adhesive, stone slab and paving basec. Stability of the base sized. Other ability of the adhesive against extreme weatherse. Use the adhesive indoors without strong acid or alkali, or high temperaturef. Stone series(Stones of 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation---rough, medium size

aggregate)g. Size of the stone(Thickness≥16.5mm, single long side≤600mm)h. Filler should be of flexibility, stain resistance, refurbishment, consistent color


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Choose WF-82 to fill the joint. It can be polished with high stainresistance. But under condition of high temperature difference, slabswith high Shore hardness can have cracking, unrepairable hollow orother problems.

Silicone adhesive filler is of good flexibility, which can adjust to groundsof high temperature difference. Yet it can not be polished, and its stainresistance is very low.

i. This guidance is applicable to heating project with floor of thermal radiation.For electric heating floors, they must have concrete base of not less than5cm.

2. Notice for instruction in heating floor

For instruction of heating floor, we must apply “Wanfeng Adhesive Soft-baseMethod”. Here are construction guidance for heating project with floor of thermalradiation:

Guidance For Heating Floor

Classification Of Dry-hanging Methods

Dry-hanging method is a new type of construction technology in modern stoneconstruction area.With metal pendants to fix the stone on the building, this methoddoes not need grouting or pasting. Its rationale is to set the main force-bearing pointson the whole body and fix the stone on the building by using metal pendants. Thuscomes a decorative stone wall. Methods for dry-hanging are classified into six types:


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1. Steel Pin Dry-hanging MethodThis method is also called stitch-inserting method, being the earliest and simplestmethod in dry-hanging stone construction. Steel pin method has two-side andfour-side connections. In terms of the structural feature,two neighboring stones arefixed on the same steel pin which connected with the connecting plate, and theconnecting plate then is fixed with the skeleton.

2. Single Short-slot Dry-hanging MethodBy using a stainless steel or aluminium alloy T-shape walnut, two neighboring stonesare fixed together on the walnut. The walnut is later fixed with the skeleton.

3.Through-slot Dry-hanging MethodThe rationale of this method is similar to that of the second method. Yet this methoduses flat-length walnut with slot towards both upper and down sides.For unit-typestone curtain wall, more construction apply this method.

4. Small unit Dry-hanging MethodRemovable constructive curtain wall, which is connected using subframe and plateswith metal hanger, vertical shaft and cross beam, is called small unit constructivecurtain wall. Although the stone used in this method is connected through aluminiumalloy walnut and skeleton, the neighboring stones are each connected with theskeleton by themselves, which is different from the methods before and totallychanges the physical property, design procedure, processing method and construction


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method of traditional dry-hanging stone curtain wall.

5. Double Short-slot Dry-hanging MethodThis method is an improvement of single short-slot dry-hanging method, fixing twoneighboring stones on a “干 ” shape walnut. The “干 ” shape walnut is made ofstainless steel or aluminium alloy, and it’s better for them to be fixed with theskeleton.

6. Back Anchor Dry-hanging MethodThis method needs to punch on the back of the stone and use an metal anchor toconnect the stone with the keel beam. This is a relatively advanced stone dry-hangingconstruction method around the world. The dry-hanging curtain wall consists of theback-cutting anchor and back-supporting system

Solutions For Hollowing, Lifted Edge And Cracks

1. What’s the reason for hollowing and lifted edge? What’s the solution forthem?

If the slabs for paving are too big, a wrong construction method is applied, there arepeople walking on the slabs soon after construction or the adhesive has a badperformance, hollowing will happen after the paving. In particular, there will behollowing, lifted edges on the slab. Also sharply-falling temperature will greatlyincrease the probability of the problems mentioned above.

If the lifted edges are not so serious with small hollowing, which means the slab isstill sticking to the base, it is suggested that we should apply relatively economicrepairing method. Fill the organic glue into the hollow to repair it and enhance thecohesiveness and stability of the ground-base structure.

(Notice: If we use water-borne epoxy resin for repairing, hollowing can happen on theslab again a few years after usage.)


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a. Flow chart for grouting process

Flow Chart For Grouting Process

b. Construction Procedure

1) DrillingIf we drill holes in area with serious hollowing, the holes should not be too nearto the slab edges. About 15~20cm distance should be left between them and drillone hole every 30cm. Depth of the hole should be 1 or 1.5 times as the depth ofthe slab.

electric hand drill

2) Filler BlendingMix the Water-based Epoxy Resin with the Water-based Epoxy Curing Agent atthe radio of 2:3 in volume. Stir them into a milky white mixture, and then add


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5~8 proportions of water. Keep stirring until the mixture become milky.

AB Components of Water-based Epoxy Resin

Electric Mixer3) GroutingUse the High Pressure Grouting Machine to pour the filler into the hollow, andkeep knocking around the filled hole with a rubber hammer. This is good for thepermeation of filler. Then knock on the place around the hole to check the spreadof the filler until we can’t hear the hollowing sound, which means the hollow has


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been filled up. We can refill the hollow under special condition.

High Pressure Grouting Machine

Cooperate to Grout


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Knock While Grouting

4) Press With Heavy StuffFor areas with serious lifted edge, we can use heavy stuff to press them aftergrouting. Then move away the stuff after the resin solidifies with cohesiveness.

Heavy Stuff


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5) Grouting Machine CleansingIn order to avoid the blocking by the filler inside the Grouting Machine, weshould clean the machine after it is used constantly for 2 hours or after thegrouting is completed. Thus filler left inside the machine can be cleaned out withthe acetone. When there’s no filler inside the Grouting Machine, pour someengine oil into the machine, switch on the machine and let the oil spread over it incase of rusting.

6) Check & InspectionIn order to check the filling area, we place heavy stuff on the hollowing part.After the solidification of resin about 12~24 hours, move away the heavy stuff. Ifthe hollowing part or lifted edge does not obviously restore and we can hear thesolid sound when knocking, then the repairing is successfully done.

7) Repairing & PolishingAfter the grouting of the hollowing part, we can clean up the holes and usemarble adhesive to fill the holes. After the adhesive solidifies, we can polish theground and apply crystal surface treatment.(Notice: Since epoxy resin is of strong cohesiveness and we grout the fillerwith high pressure, it is necessary for workers to wear eyepieces, gloves,respirator and other protective appliance while conducting the groutingwork.)

b. Reworking Process

If the slab has severe lifted edges and big size of hollowing, which means theslab-base cohesiveness is very low and we can easily lever up the slab, wesuggest that we should apply the reworking process.

Diagram for Reworking Process


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2. What’s the solution for cracks on stone slabIf the length of the crack is less than 20cm, we suggest that it should be repairedby the Epoxy Resin provided by our company. After the resin solidifies, polishthe stone and apply the crystal surface treatment.

Repair By Epoxy Resin

If the length of the crack is more than 20cm, we suggest that we should pave anew stone slab, and the repairing process is as follow:

Diagram for Repairing Process


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Solution For Scratches And Water Corrosion

1. What’s the solution for small scratches on artificial stone?We have the following methods to repair the lowered gloss or scratches onartificial stone:

a. For shaped series (stone line, etc.)Steps for repairing are as follows: Step1: Polish with waterproof abrasive paper

1) Use a piece of hard fiber mat or cotton cloth to spread the “C-1#” liquid onthe surface of the stone line (wet the surface). Polish with the abrasive paper.Normally we begin with the 320# abrasive paper, if there’re deep scratches,we can begin with 80# or 120#.

2) There will be white liquid during polishing, when the liquid becomes thick,keep on adding“C-1#” liquid.

3) When changing abrasive paper, cover the area polished by the last paper toavoid omission. When it’s fully polished, wash away the white liquid withwater and check if there’s omission.

4) Then use abrasive paper of (medium) 400#, 800#, (delicate) 1000#, 2000#and 3000# to polish the stone line one by one. We may add some “C-1#”liquid to enhance polishing.

5) After polishing with abrasive paper, wash the stone line with water, dry it andcheck if there’s omission.

Models of Eagle Brand Abrasive Paper

Step2: Polish with wax1) Use 1# steel duster to clean up the stone line surface.2) Coat a thin layer of wax on the surface evenly. Put it aside for 2~3 minutes

and later use 1# steel duster to clean up the wax.


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3) Use 0# steel duster to scrub the surface until it becomes bright.4) Then wipe the surface back and forth with a piece of unused dry cloth to get

a bright and flat surface.5) If the low gloss of the stone line is caused by factors of time or environment,

we just need to do following the 2nd step.

WaxWith Hairbrush

Clean AwayWaxWith Steel Duster


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Polish With Cloth

Test With Photometer

b. For big slabs and countertopsRepairing steps for serious scratches or corrosion on countertops are as follows: Step1: Polishing and refurbishing---to eliminate the scratches on the surface;

1) Use manual polishing machine with grinding slices and add some water to


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polish the surface. Normally, choose grinding slice of 300# to begin polishing.If there’s deep scratch, we can begin with 100#. (Notice: polish with steadymovements in order to prevent unflatness. If possible, use refurbishmentmachine or crystal surface machine for polishing)

2) When changing grinding slices, cover the area polished by the last slice toavoid omission. When it’s fully polished, wash away the white liquid withwater and check if there’s omission.

3) Then keep on polishing following the slice order of (medium) 500#, 800#,(delicate) 1500#, 3000#, etc.

4) After polishing with grinding slices, wash the surface with water, dry it andcheck if there’s omission. If tools or machine are limited, we can just followthe method using abrasive paper.

Manual Polishing Machine

Step2: Polish with wax Crystal Surface Treatment A1) Add the same volume of water into the crystal-hardening powder and stirthem. Then paste this pasty mixture on a red polishing pad, which is laterused with the manual polishing machine.

2) Firstly polish in a relatively low speed in area of 60cm*60cm for 0.5~1minute. Then polish evenly in a high speed until the surface become dry.

3) Notice: There may be liquid splashing while we are polishing, we mustcover to protect things around.

4) It’s better to polish with wax in the last process.

Crystal Surface Treatment B1) Use manual polishing machine with steel duster 0#, 1#, and put therepairing liquid on the polishing pad.


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2) Firstly polish in a relatively low speed in area of 60cm*60cm for 0.5~1minute. Then polish evenly in a high speed until the surface become dry.

3) We can polish following the order of WF-21/WE-22 until we are satisfied.4) Notice: There may be liquid splashing while we are polishing, we mustcover to protect things around.

Wax Treatment1) For countertops with relatively low requirements, we can apply waxtreatment.

2) Use steel duster 1# to wipe and clean up the surface.3) Cover the surface with a thin layer of wax, clean away the wax after 2~3minutes.

4) Use 0# steel duster to scrub the countertop surface until it becomes bright.5) Then wipe the surface back and forth with a piece of unused dry cloth to geta bright and flat surface.

In terms of the three methods mentioned above, if we combine Crystal SurfaceTreatment A and B, we can achieve better result. If we use only A or B with waxtreatment, or just use wax treatment, results are not as good as the combined one.

2. What’s the solution for repairing the artificial stone slabs with large area ofscratches?

Refurbishment is one of the advantages of artificial stone. If there’s serious abrasionor large area of scratches on artificial stone after long-time usage, we can applymoderate or mild refurbishment treatment to restore the effect of the slabs. Accordingto the actual status of scratches, refurbishments can be divided into mild, moderateand deep refurbishment. Before refurbishment, we should adjust the machine to makeit parallel to the ground, and cover the joints of the ground and walls to protect them.Put an “In Maintenance” signboard in the place under construction.

Mild Refurbishment

We can apply mild refurbishment when there’re slight scratches on the stone slabs. Ifthere’s wax on the ground, clean away the wax first, and then use slices of 500# and800# to polish the ground with water for ten minutes. While polishing, we should addmore water to keep the ground wet. Besides, we should clean away the polluted waterwith a water collector to prevent secondary pollution on the ground. Then change thegrinding slice to 1000#, 2000#, 3000#, and polish following the method mentionedabove. After the refurbishment, wash the ground and clear up the water.


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Polish Quartz Slab

Moderate Refurbishment

When there’s no scratch on artificial stone, but it has lost its gloss and can’t reflectanything, we can apply moderate refurbishment. Use grinding slices of 150＃、300#、500#、800#、1000#、2000# and 3000# to polish the ground following the steps of deeprefurbishment.

Deep Refurbishment

After the flatness treatment, use grinding slice of 50#, 150#, 300# with heavypolishing machine to polish the slab back and forth. Distance of polishing movementshould be 1.5cm~2cm. Polish at least three times on the same area to eliminate thescratches left by the diamond slice. Add more water during polishing for absorption ofeach polishing. Check if the scratches left by the diamond slice are polished away.While polishing with simple crystal treatment machine, we need to add some weight(heavy iron) on the machine, and move following the “#”shape route. Roughpolishing should take up 45% of the total refurbishing time.

Fine polishing requires grinding slices of 500#、800# and 1000# to polish away themarks left during the last step. While polishing, check the scratches with water wiper.Polish the ground until it reflects slightly. This step takes up about 35% of the totalrefurbishing time.

Delicate polishing uses grinding slices of 2000#、3000# to polish the stone surfaceafter fine polishing. Polish the stone until it restore its original gloss. This processtakes up about 20% of the time.

After refurbishment, dry the ground and then we can begin the crystal surfacetreatment.


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3. What are the reasons and solutions for water corrosion on artificial stone?

For all of the artificial stone, if there’s water on the surface for a long time, corrosionwill happen. Part of the stone will become white and there’s no abnormal touchingfeeling on the whitened part. Thus if there’s water on the artificial stone, we shouldclear it away in time (For more details, please refer to the product instruction ofartificial stone.)

Typical Water Corrosion On Cream-colored Stone

Avoid Outdoor Placing


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In particular, we should not place the stone slabs outside in the sun or rain. If there’swhite part on the stone surface, apply the following treatment:

a. Uncover the membrane on the white area and place the slab in a dry andventilating place. For slight water corrosion, the white area will disappear after1~3 days; for serious corrosion, drying can last about 1~2 weeks.

b. If the white corrosion does not disappear after the steps above, we can apply thefollowing method: Clean the stone surface thoroughly for pretreatment. It’s betterto use manual polishing machine and polishing pad for cleaning and polishing.Mix WF-5A and WF-5B liquid in proportion of 1~2:1 (in volume). Spray themixed liquid evenly 5~10ml every square meter on the stone surface afterpretreatment (better to use a sprinkling can). It’s better to use the brighteningagent within 2 hours. Ten minutes after finishing the steps mentioned above, wipethe stone surface with a piece of clean cloth or clean the ground with the moppingmachine. Then dry the ground with polishing pad or clean duster.

c. If the corrosion still can’t be removed after all the methods above, please contactthe product application department in Wanfeng or professional stone refurbishingteam for repairing treatment.

Crystal Surface Maintenance Of Ground Renovation

After the flooring, apply the unflatness treatment first, which can eliminate stone’sdifference in height during construction. Later, we can begin crystal-hardeningtreatment, which form a hard layer of crystal on the stone surface. This crystal layerbrings about stain and scratches resistance, high gloss and a more transparent stonesurface.

1. Renovation ProcessFill the joints(joints between stones)→Unflatness treatment (Polish the unflatness partof the joints)→Renovation treatment (rough polish / fine polish / delicate polish /polishing)→crystal surface treatment

2. Equipment NeededMultifunctional Stone Refurbishing Machine (with heavy load) or Stone CrystalSurface Renovation Machine, heavy iron, grinding slices of different models,polishing pad of 3M, vacuum cleaner and water collector, adjustable manual polishingmachine(for small areas) and other materials or tools.


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Refurbishing Machine (With Heavy Load)

Crystal Surface Renovation Machine

3. Unflatness Renovation Treatmenta. Clean up and fill the joints


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For impurities in the joints, we should first clean them up to avoid dark sides. Thenuse the filler of the same color with the stone to fill the joints. Constructors should fillthe joints for several times, and smear the filler towards the same direction at last timeto make the joints full of filler. Filler should be higher than the stone, for it will dentduring solidification. If the filler is lower than the stone, joints will become black afterthe later refurbishing.

Fill Joints

b. Unflatness on joints

After the filler fully solidifies, use grinding slices of 50#、100#、150# to polish thejoints. This process takes relatively long time. We suggest that we should use heavyrenovation machine with 12 grinding units to polish the joints. If we use small ormanual polishing machine, there will be wavy pattern on the stone due to lowpressure. Polish the joints following a “#” shape route. For serious unflatness, it’sbetter to polish with a manual polishing machine first.

Use grinding slices specially for marble to polish the joints, which can avoidchicken-feet shape scratches. We should polish the ground evenly and wholly, andshould not focus on several small areas, or there will be uneven effect on the ground.Every time after polishing, collect the blots with a water collector in time.


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c. Moderate polishing/fine polishing

Use grinding slices following the order of 300#, 500#, 800#, 1000# to polish theground.

d. Delicate polishing

Use grinding slices of 2000# and 3000# to polish the ground after fine polishing.Keep moving stably in order to avoid new scratches. After the renovation, wash theground with water, collect the polluted water, dedust and dry the ground. Then we canstart the final crystalization process.

4. Polishing Method For Artificial Marble

a. Materials neededCrystal-hardening powder for artificial stone/marble, Wanfeng Maintenance Liquidfor artificial stone, or imported materials like K2/K3, CR2/CR3, or crystal surfaceagent NCL series.

Polishing Pad Steel Duster

b. Crystal surface treatmentBefore the periodical crystal surface treatment or unflatness treatment (joints), weneed to clean up the stone surface. For the first crystal treatment after refurbishing,we’d better use polishing pad of 3M and crystal-hardening powder with polishingmachine to polish the stone surface.

Use machine (>70kg,175rpm) for crystal surface treatment with steel duster of 1#,and spread 5~10ml repairing liquid within the area of 1~2m2 to polish the stonefollowing the “#” shape route. Every time when we add the liquid, we need to polishthe stone for 2~3mins.

Polish the stone following the instructions for crystal surface treatment. After thecrystal maintenance, gloss of the stone can reach more than 80～90°.

5. Crystal Treatment for Quartz Stonea. Materials needed


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Wanfeng Crystal Glaze Series (WF-31/ WF-32) is suggested. We can also use NanoSilicon Materials for Crystal Treatment that can be bought from the market.

b. Crystal surface treatment1) For stones after refurbishing, we should clean away the dust or other dirts on

them.2) Use machine for crystal treatment with polishing pad of 3M, set the speed of the

wheelhead on 175r/min and pressure of about 75kg. Polish the stone evenlywithin the area of 1~2m2.

3) While polishing with crystal glaze 1# and 2#, spray the liquid on the stone5~10ml every square meter. Spray the glaze 1# and 2# in turn according to thegloss of the stone and polish it for 2~3 times. Add the water in time whilepolishing, or stop the machine. Because when polishing on a dry stone, thepolishing pad will be overheated and cause adverse effect.Every time when wespray the repairing liquid on the stone, we should fully polish it and deal with thesides, in case we leave some liquid marks on the stone.

4) Finally, we need to clean away the dust. We can use electrostatic dust collector todo this. If there’re liquid marks, we can use the crystal treatment machine with aclean polishing pad or steel duster to apply dry polishing.

Crystal Glaze Series WF-31/WF-32


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6. Crystal Treatment for Inorganic Stonea. Choosing repairing liquidWe recommend you to use the repairing liquid developed by Wanfeng specially forcrystal treatment of inorganic stone. The liquid is composed of C-3 and Q-2 Liquid.

C-3

b. Crystal treatment1) For stones after refurbishing, we should clean away the dust or other dirts on

them.2) For stones after refurbishment, spray the C-3 Liquid on the stone surface

(10ml/m2). Then use machine for crystal treatment with polishing pad of 3M, setthe speed of the wheelhead on 175r/min and pressure of about 75kg. Polish thestone evenly within the area of 1~2m2 for 2~3 times. While polishing, follow theZ-shape route.

3) Spray the Q-2 Liquid (5~10ml/m2) on the stone surface while polishing. Thenpolish the stone for 2~3 times.

4) Keep the ground wet while polishing and add the repairing liquid in time, or thepolishing pad will be overheated during dry polishing. Every time when we spraythe repairing liquid on the stone, we should fully polish it and deal with the sides,in case we leave some liquid marks on the stone.

5) Finally, we need to clean away the dust. We can use electrostatic dust collector todo this. If there’re liquid marks, we can use the crystal treatment machine with aclean polishing pad or steel duster to apply dry polishing.


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During Crystal Treatment

Precautions For Daily Maintenance---Showrooms And Malls

In order to protect the unique glossness and texture of artificial stone and itsadvantages, we need to do some daily maintenance.

1. Precautions for daily use

a. Do not use acidic cleaner for the artificial stone surface! Toilet cleaner or tilecleaner are prohibited for artificial stone cleansing. Used duster or mop must becleaned with water before they are used for artificial stone cleansing.

b. It is recommended to use dry dust mop or a vacuum cleaner for dust removalwork.

(Notice: Do not moisten the stone surface, or it will cause pollution in the place ofscratches.)


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Dry Dust Mop

c. If there’s liquids, such as coffee, tea and juice, on the ground, please clean it up intime; If there are obvious marks, then crystal surface treatment is needed.

d. When moving the goods, do not drag them on the ground.e. Measures should be taken around each entrances of the showroom. “aluminum

alloy dust-removing doormats” should be placed outside the door while the“high-quality cotton oil-absorbing carpet” should be placed inside the entrance.“Oil absorbing carpet” should also be placed in the toilet and outside thewashroom door.

Outdoor Sand-removing Carpet


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Indoor Dust-removing Carpet

2. Maintenance methods for stereo-application of artificial stone (wall, pillar,door line, skirting line)

a. Judging from the dust-absorbing condition of the stone surface, use the vacuumcleaner to sweep away the dust if necessary, or use a rug to scrub it.

b. If the stone surface loses its glossness, take the polishing treatment with graniteand marble wax. Main steps are as follows:(1) Firstly, clean up dust on the surface;(2) Coated the surface a layer of wax with a piece of soft cloth;(3) When the wax becomes dry, paste the wax with the 1# steel wire wiper;(4) Use soft cloth or 0# steel wire wiper to clean the stone until the surface

become bright.(Notice: Do not wash or wipe with water.)

c. Apart from those steps above, we can also use some stain-proofing agents toclean the artificial stone in the exhibition hall and reduces the fingerprints caused


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by touching the stone .

3. Maintenance methods for the ground

a. Cleaning and dust removal work should be done at least 2 ~ 4 times a week, forsome larger area around the entrance or the flows of visitors, cleaning should bedone 1 time a day. Check the dust-removing carpet every day and use a vacuumcleaner to remove dirt on it in time. Replace the carpet if necessary.

b. Regular crystal surface treatment should be done according to the actualcondition. For common areas, it should be done 1 ~ 2 times per quarter; for theareas around the gate of the showroom, corridor and other crowded places, itshould be done weekly.

c. Methods for crystal surface treatment: “artificial stone repairing liquid” (RH1,RH2, RH3). With 1# steel wool and liquid dosage of 5 ~ 10 ml/m2, crystaltreatment machine sprays the repairing liquid on stone surface. Then the machinewill polish the stone surface according to the ordering of RH1-RH2-RH1 until thesurface become as bright as you like.

d. According to the abrasion of the ground, appropriate mild/moderate renovation isneeded. For common areas, a moderate renovation should be done each 1 ~ 2years; for the areas around the gate of the showroom, corridor and other crowdedplaces, a mild/moderate renovation should be done every six months.

e. Because refurbishment requires professional technical skills, it should be done bythe construction and service department from Wanfeng. It is suggested that thedaily crystal surface maintenance should be done by cleaners in the showroom,and specific technical guidance and needed materials are provided by thisdepartment.


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FAQS---General Knowledge

1.What are the raw materials of the artificial stone?

The raw materials of the artificial stone are as follows: aggregate, padding, pigment,decorative material, resin, curing agent and accelerant.

2.What is the classification of artificial stone?

Artificial stone is a kind of synthetic decorative material. According to differentbinders used, it can be devided into organic stone, inorganic stone andorganic-inorganic composite stone. Organic (polyester resin) stone is the most widelyused artificial stone due to its best physical and chemical performances among thisthree types. Organic stone mainly includes artificial marble, artificial quartz andacrylic plate.

3.What are the factors that determine the performances of artificial stone?

The main factors that determine the performances of artificial stone include density,water absorption, Mohs hardness, abrasion resistance, flexural strength andcompressive strength, CLTE (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion), acid-resistance, gloss, etc.

The greater density means more compact of molecular structure, which leads to morestable products. Water absorption is the percentage that the quantity of water absorbedby stone pores against the quantity of the stone. Stones with different water absorptionhave different performances. The higher the compressive strength and flexuralstrength are, the better the quality is. Mohs hardness indicates the abrasion resistance.While higher Mohs hardness means better abrasion resistance, acid-resistant indicatesthe anti-corrosion. And gloss represents light reflection performance of the stonesurface.

4.What fields can artificial stone be used?

In terms of the fields of application, we can have a rough division: kitchen cabinet,sanitary industry, furniture fabrics, abnormity series (square shape, cylindrical surface,door and window set, artware, handrail, line series, etc), wall tiles and ground tiles.

5.What are the limitations of the traditional artificial stone (artificial marble andquartz stone)?

a. They can not be used outdoors, for under the condition of strong ultraviolet

http://www.iciba.com/linear/

http://www.iciba.com/expansion/


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radiation, artificial stones will easily fade.b. With high coefficient of expansion, they are easily affected by temperature. Thus

they should be kept away from heat source.c. High flexibility means easy scratches. Thus they need regular maintenance.

6.What is the difference between artificial marble and artificial quartz?

The main raw material for artificial marble is natural marble with calcium carbonateas its main components, while the main raw material for artificial quartz is naturalquartz with silicon dioxide as its main components.

7.What’s aggregate? What are the sizes for it?

Aggregate refers to the granules or chips of the natural stone, with a diameter of0.1mm to 120mm. According to the different diameters, we can decided aggregateinto small aggregate (0< d <1mm), medium aggregate (1mm≤ d ≤35mm) and bigaggregate (35mm< d ≤120mm).

8.What’s stone block?

Stone block refers to the cubic decorative billet after the vacuum extrusion process.It’s the rudiment of artificial stone which needs next stage processing (incision,burnishing, polishing, etc) to become the high quality decorative material.

9.What’s chromatism? Does chromatism happen on artificial stone?

Chromatism refers to the difference among colors. Chromatism on stone happenswhen coloring materials are unevenly distributed. Natural stone has undergone a longtime of deposition process, in which elements are unevenly distributed. Thus evenfrom the same stone quarry, chromatism on the stone is inevitable. While naturalstones are used in large-scale flooring, there may be obvious chromatism anddiscordance of the appearance.

During the producing process of Wanfeng artificial stones, raw materials andpigments are stirred evenly, and pigments are fully combined with aggregates. ThusWanfeng artificial stones are of even colors or patterns, which enables them toperform well in large-scale paving.

10.What’s the difference between resin used to produce artificial stones andnormal resin?

At present, resin used to produce artificial stones mainly includes unsaturatedpolyester resin and methyl methacrylate (MMA), both with excellent corrosionresistance and curing properties. Their ductility and toughness are superior to the


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ordinary resin.

11.Whether the organic resin will go bad after a long time?

Now there are more adhesives of unsaturated polyester resin and methyl methacrylatein the market. During the producing process of artificial stones, when resin andaggregated rocks are pressed together under the vacuum condition, a series of reactionwill happen with the influence of the accelerant, after which we can get a newmaterial with stable structure. This stable material normally won’t have new chemicalreaction while away from the strong ultraviolet.

12.Will organic resin release irritating odors and cause cancer?

Generally, people think that after the indoor decoration, there will be an odor floatingaround the space. This irritating odor is released by methanal from the urea resin usedto produce artificial wood board and palm mattress, and urea resin’s main componentis methanal. The methanal left in the slabs has not participated in the reaction. Thus itwill release irritating odors around and does harm to our health.Nowadays, UPR (Unsaturated Polyester Resin) is used more often. It won’t releaseirritating odors that cause cancer. Thus it’s an eco-friendly adhesive that conforms tothe relevant provisions of the state.

13.Is the artificial stone radioactive?

Natural stone accumulates some unstable elements during the process ofsedimentation, which leads to the result of over-radioactive. However, Wanfengartificial stone has a strict selection process of raw materials, which can kick offover-radioactive elements in artificial stones. Thus, Wanfeng artificial stone conformswith the Civil Radiation Protection Standards of Building Materials(GB6566-2010Standard) for A-type decorative materials.

14.What about the fireproof performance of the artificial stone?

People generally think that aluminium hydroxide is added into the artificial stoneduring production. As a fire retardant, it is not only antiflaming, but also anti-fuming.In fact, high-quality artificial stones don’t need aluminium hydroxide to achieve itsfireproofing. Their fireproof performance has already reached the National FireproofStandard (Grade Three). The fireproofing of Wanfeng inorganic eco-synthetic stonecan reach A1 level, and it is suitable for most places that require high fireproofperformance.

15.What are the special features of artificial stone?


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With the natural and solid texture of marble, exquisite and bright property of theceramics, and easy workability of the wood, artificial stone is the perfect andinnovative high-tech products in limited spaces of the new era, and thus performs wellin every aspect.

16.What are the advantages of artificial stone when compared with ceramics?

For the producing process, artificial stone uses natural stone as its main raw material.It is pressed under the condition of vacuum and high-frequency vibration, which helpsto get rid of the strong dependence on energy. Ceramics uses clay as its maincomponent. It is produced through high-temperature firing. Thus ceramics productionrequires much energy and causes much pollution.

For the artistic performance, artificial stone is the representation of natural marble.With its exquisite texture, soft lines, it shows an elegant artistic effect, which is betterthan the ordinary ceramic products.

For the use of performance, ceramic products can not have the incomparableflexibility and ductility of the artificial stone. What’s more, the unique repairability ofartificial stone is favored by many customers.

17.Why the price of artificial stone is generally higher than that of the ceramicproducts?

Common decorative materials, such as polished tile, glazed tile and other ceramicproducts, pay more attention to their material functions, which means to emphasizetheir durability, endurance, etc. However, natural or artificial stone not only payattention to the material functions, but also focus more on the decorative functionsand the artistic effects, which means patterns, texture of stone materials, and thefeeling of nature and simplicity. Therefore, the price of artificial stone is higher thanthe ordinary ceramic products, for it belongs to the medium-top grade decorativematerial.

18.Artificial stone can easily be processed. Then does it mean that the artificialstone is of low hardness?

Artificial stone has the easy-processing feature. It can be incised according to theneeds of the customers to become all kinds of patterns. Artificial stone’seasy-processing feature is determined by its high flexibility, not the low hardness.Actually, incision of artificial stone is not that easy of what we see. Its hardness canbe comparable to natural stone. Ordinary incising method may cause edge breakage ofthe artificial stone. At present, artificial stone is mainly incised through infraredbridge incising method and water jet incising method.


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19.How to evaluate the quality of artificial stone?

1) Look: No visually muddy color on the sample, feeling of plastic colloid or tinypore on the back surface of the slab;

2) Smell: No irritating odor;3) Touch: Touch the surface to see if there’s a silky feeling and no uneven feeling;4) Knock: Knock the same pieces of samples on each other to see their unbreakable

property;5) Check: Check the presence of ISO certificate of quality system, quality inspection

report, products’ warranty cards and relevant anti-fake labels.

FAQs---About Construction

1. What are the reasons for pores and a pitted surface of the artificial stone?

If the air is not fully pulled away during the pressing process, bubbles will occurinside the stone. While the bubbles are broken under the condition of high pressure orincision, pores and a pitted surface are formed.

Nowadays, most of the producing processes apply the method of vacuum vibrationsupression, in which air is nearly fully pulled away.With a dense feature, few pores orpitted surface will occur. Besides, Wanfeng has established a strict standard forproduct testing, and this ensures that the products provided for our clients will nothave such kind of problem.

2. What are pinholes and sand holes. How do they happen and how can weprevent them?

Pinholes and sand holes refer to relatively big holes on the surface of an artificialstone. They won’t affect to much on the appearance of the stone. After the stonecomes into use, pinholes can easily hide some dirt, which is inconvenient for cleaningand maintenance.

Artificial stones from Wanfeng all undergo a strict testing process during production.In addiction, we have set up effective solution plans for these problems. Thus, stonesthat have been delivered from the factory won’t have such kind of problem.

3. What’s a colored spot? How does it happen and how to prevent it?

A colored spot happens while coloring materials are unevenly distributed. Colored


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spots on artificial stones occurs when the pigments are not fully stirred, or blendersand moulds are mixed with some impurities. Thus, we must fully stir the materialsand clean the production equipments at regular intervals.

4. What problems will occur while the stone blocks are being incised? How toprevent them?

While the stone blocks are being incising, the following problems may occur:deviation of size, flatness or diagonal, and breakage of edges or feet. In order toprevent these problems, we should start from quality testing of raw materials,controlling during the production, products’ grading inspection and other importantaspects. And determine to get rid of all the problems of our products.

At present, we have IR Bridge Cutting method and Water Jet Cutting method forartificial stones. IR Bridge Cutting method is mainly used for simple end-productcutting, while Water Jet Cutting method is mainly used for color patterns, since colorpatterns require delicate processing to prevent breakage of edges.

5.How to achieve base leveling?

If the base for flooring is of poor flatness, we need to use moist-dry mortar to achievethe flatness. Instructions are as follows:

1 Proportion of cement and sand for the mortar is: 1:2 - 1:3 (in volume). Thenadd the water until we can hold the mortar to be a shape and shake the mortar todisperse it.

2 The thickness of the mortar is about 3cm to 5cm. Use a wood trowel to patand flatten it. Then try to pave a slab. While paving, pay attention to the gaps betweenslabs vertically and horizontally. Use a rubber hammer to dab the center part of theslab to keep the mortar firm. Dab the slab until the slab reaches the standard height.Then remove the slab and check if the mortar is flat and firm enough. For thosehollow parts, we must add mortar and try to pave again.

6.Why should the artificial stone slabs be laminated with membrane whenflooring? When can the membrane be removed?

Each Wanfeng slab is laminated with membrane during packaging in order to avoidimpact, scratches or contaminations caused during transportation and flooring,especially during the flooring process. Lots of sands will greatly damage the stonesurface. Usually, the membrane can be removed after flooring is completed , andacceptance check and clean-up are done.

If there’s water staying on the artificial stone for a long time, partial erosion andwhitening will occur. If there’s no abnormal feeling while touching the whitened part,


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then this is called Water Erosion. Thus, membrane on the slabs, which haveundergone a further processing through soaking in the water, should also be removedin time.

7. Why should we use professional binder instead of cement?

Artificial stone and cement have their own CTE(Coefficient of Thermal Expansion).The base sometimes may experience adverse environmental factors such astemperature difference (e.g.the temperature raises or drops 10 ℃ or more within oneday). And thus artificial stone and cement may have different flexibility, which causesproblems of hollowing, cracking and so on. Under such condition, the use ofprofessional binder can greatly ease the contraction or expansion stress caused duringthe process of cement hardening, and thus prevents cracking and hollowing of theslabs.

8. Whether the binder will lose its bonding power after a long time or not?

Most binders take 1-2 hours for the initial solidification (because of the smallthickness). Therefore, in order to ensure a good paving effect, the tiles should beplaced properly within half an hour. After about 2 hours, the binder will be solidifiedinto a new stable material. For the solidified binder,it will not decompose in a usualenvironment. So there’s no such thing as “loss of bonding power” except for somecontingencies.

9.Are there any professional binders recommended for paving?

We recommend Binders (J15/J25) produced by Wanfeng and S7120, or bi-componentmortar binders with high-performance sold in the market, like Laticrete 735, etc.10.What’s the difference between one-component binders and two-componentbinders? What are the features of Wanfeng J15 Binder?

We can achieve solidification without mixing other materials while usingone-component binders, which means that solidification happens naturally in the air.Two-component binders are from two kinds of elements mixing together according toa specific proportion to achieve the bonding effect. If we separate the two components,then the two-component binders will not solidify naturally.

Wanfeng J15 Binder solves the flooring problems of the products (4th generation) thathappens because of the relatively high Coefficient of Expansion and fiercetemperature changes. Besides, Wanfeng J15 Binder embraces the features of excellentcohesiveness, perfect flexibility and anti-corrosion.

11.Can marble binder used for dry-hanging?


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Load-bearing and structure-connecting process requires dry-hanging binders of highelasticity. Slots are filled with sealant of neutral silicone structure. Thus marblebinders must not be used for connection between stones and metal pendants. They canonly be used to quick positioning and binder repairing. Before using the dry-hangingbinders, we should conduct the test of Cohesive and Compatibility.

12.Why joint should be set aside?

In order to prevent stone from protuberating and breaking because of the expansionand contraction of the base and stones, joints should be set aside between stone slabsin the flooring process. Thermal expansion and contraction refers to the phenomenonthat the size of an object increases when it is heated, reduces when cooled. If there areno joints, temperature changes will cause damages due to the squeezing or contractingof paved stones.

When artificial stones are used for the ground, the joints should be arranged accordingto the specific size of the ground. The width of the joints should be 1.5 to 3mm, andprofessional gap-filling binders are used for sealing the joints, such as Wanfeng’sspecial gap-filling binder WF-82.

13.Why can’t we use acid and alkaline cleaners for artificial marblemaintenance?

Generally, an artificial marble slab consists of 92% natural marble. Natural marblebelongs to the metamorphic rocks of limestone with calcium carbonate as its maincomponent. Thus acid or alkaline materials will damage artificial marble’s gloss.Cleaners in the market usually contain non-neutral components as their raw materialsto achieve great cleaning performance. If we use these cleaners for a long time,glossiness of the artificial stone will greatly decreases. Thus we advise that theartificial stone should be kept away from non-neutral materials, such as HCl andceramic tile cleaners.

14.What problems about artificial stone protection we should pay attention to?

Effective protective measures can greatly prolong the service life of artificial stones,so as their decorative effects. While we are doing the maintenance for artificial stones,we should pay attention to the following points:

1 No non-neutral cleaner;2 No normal floor wax;3 No carpet covering for a long time;4 Sweep the dust and clean thoroughly;5 Clean away easy-dyeing materials immediately;6 Enough ventilation to keep the stone surface dry.


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Wanfeng’s Integrated Service

Wanfeng has a professional decorative design team and an experienced constructioncrew to support the whole construction process, which guarantees the quality ofconstruction and customer service through the following three systems.

Construction Follow-up System--- Wanfeng equips with scientific techniques forconstruction and project management: property operation recording, properconstruction procedure, real-time management during construction, order division formaterials, quality guarantee and punctual execution. Every three days, pictures orvideos of the construction site are taken, and then be sent to the clients after editing,so that clients can know about the constructive progress and on-site effects at anytime.

Supporting & Optimizing System--- In order to meet the needs of clients, projectservice team in Wanfeng can provide clients with services of materials division(stones), furniture purchasing, landscaping, decorative lighting and other decoration tooffer honorable experience for our clients.

Custom-made Service System--- Design department in Wanfeng always adheres tothe service philosophy, “High quality service. Pursuit of perfection”. Realizing theimportance of quality, we stress on providing high quality products and building theleading brand in artificial stone industry. Wanfeng has released special service plansto meet the demands of our clients, including “Normal Service + Custom-madeService” and “2H Fast-track Service”, which enables our clients to fully enjoy thepleasance brought by reassurance and convenience.

Documents

Handbook for Engineered Stone Paving and Maintenance(2014)