Hak Cipta Terpelihara © 2011 IIUM/UiTM/USIMmyrepositori.pnm.gov.my/bitstream/123456789/3067/1/12KPIOfMosque... · Problem statement . ... this study seeks to identify the record-keeping

Hak Cipta Terpelihara © 2011– IIUM/UiTM/USIM


Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of Mosque Management in the

State of Selangor: Records Management Perspective

Nurul Huda Md Yatim1, Saiful Farik Mat Yatin

2, Jannatul Iza Ahmad Kamal

3 and Siti

Khairunnisa Sheikh Abdul Mutalib4

1 Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam , Selangor,

Malaysia; 3 Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor

Malaysia; 4 Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg. Petani, Kedah

Malaysia; Email:

[email protected];[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]

Abstract: The current research began with an understanding that there are no standards or adequate

procedures to document sufficiently or effectively individual mosque history, memory and activities that

have been implemented. It is also based on the belief, there is inadequate knowledge about the importance

of such documentation, as well as limited resources available to document, preserve and maintain such

materials. However, in 2010, the Selangor Islamic Religious Department (JAIS) has established the Key

Performance Indicator (KPI) for the mosque management in achieving excellence and best services. This

research appraised on the records management in six selected mosques in Selangor. These six mosques

have been chosen as a sample in this study based on the current practices that they have carried out

according to the key performance indicator (KPI) for mosque management in the state of Selangor. The

objectives were (1) to identify the level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members on

the importance of recordkeeping practices according to the National Archives Act 2003, (2) to gauge the

level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members regarding on the Key Performance

Indicator (KPI) of mosque management focusing on the filing system published by the Selangor Islamic

Religious Department (JAIS), (3) to measure the level of awareness among mosque officers and the

committee members regarding on the importance of records management practices, (4) to identify the

record management activities in the mosques based on KPI and (5) to propose best practices for record

management in mosques. The researcher used a mixed method approach in order to get the findings.

Based on the results, the KPI for mosque management that had been implemented since 2010 has had a

positive impact to the mosques. However, awareness of the National Archives Act 1966, National

Archives Act 2003 and Treasury Instructions 150 among the mosque officers, especially from the six

selected mosques remained lacking. But, the level of understanding of the KPI for mosque management

was encouraging and most activities were carried out by following the given KPI. Given that Islam is the

official religion of Malaysia, all records and activities especially relating to the development of Islam and

knowledge should be preserved.

Keywords: Key Performance Indicator (KPI), Mosque management, National Archives Act 2003,

Records management, Selangor Islamic Religious Department (JAIS)



mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]

mailto:[email protected];[email protected];[email protected]

Introduction to the study

According to Majid (1988), as cited by Siti Alawiyah (2007), Malaysia is a multi-religious country and

Islam plays a significant role in society with Muslims constitute more than 50% of its population and are

concentrated primarily in Peninsular Malaysia. This statement is indicated in the Federal Constitution,

which recognises Islam as the official religion of the country while allowing other religions to be

practised freely in Malaysia. Article 3 (1) of the Federal Constitution stipulates that “Islam is the religion

of the Federation”. In addition, the involvement of the government in disseminating Islam and instilling

Islamic values among Muslims is considerable. Government involvement, both at the federal and state

levels, signifies the importance of Islam in shaping Malaysian society. Although, initially, mosques were

meant for religious purposes, their functions have evolved according to the situation.

The word „mosque‟ is derived from the Arabic term „masjid‟ which means literally „sujud‟ or prostration,

the third position in Islamic ritual prayers. The mosque is the principal religious building in Islam, and

paramount among its many functions is its role as a place for communal prayer. In Islam, prayer can be

performed at any clean and pure place anywhere on this earth. Physically, a mosque is a place reserved

for the worship of Allah as mentioned in the Qur‟an, “And indeed the mosques are for (the worship of)

Allah alone, so call not on anyone else besides Allah” (Surah Al-Finn 72: 18) (Mizan Hitam and Anuar

Talib (2005).

In Malaysia, the number of mosque is 5,300 with 12,257 of madrasah or musolla (a place or small house

used by Muslims for prayers, although not to establish the Friday prayer, and to study the Qur‟an).

Construction of mosques in this country is linked to the existence of Muslim settlements (Wan

Muhammad Abdul Aziz, 2006).

Compared to other congregational places, a mosque should become a place that serves and supports their

congregations and communities with a variety of inter-connected spiritual and also community services.

Nowadays, a mosque administration should be equipped not only with up-to-date skills in fund-raising,

legislative awareness and policy-making and in the development of managerial infrastructure but also in

educational youth schemes in order to attract people, especially young generations. The skills involved

are not just on how to attract people to come to the mosque, but also in terms of record management as

the mosque dealing with a lot of activities daily. With the proper administration from all mosque officers,

there will be no issues pertaining to record management. Nevertheless, things happened to be not as

expected especially looking at the management of records and filing.

Problem statement

Records have played a significant role in human societies. Records are an integral part of any

organisation. They provide evidence of and information about the transactions of individuals and

organisations, documents used to hold individuals accountable for their actions, and ultimately serve as

the foundation upon which societal memory is built. Among the records society produces, those created

by individual groups are often significantly different from those of the dominant governing bodies

(Evans, 2006).

Evans (2006) added in the article, church as non-profit organizations, face many challenges in

maintaining records effectively owing to lack of funding, inadequate staff, inappropriate and limited

storage, unestablished knowledge of record-keeping practices and limited institutional commitment. The

demands on churches to comply with legal mandates for record-keeping have sometimes resulted in their

failure to appreciate the crucial value of records that provide historical and theological evidence of church



functions and activities. Many records have ended up in state and federal funded archival repositories or

at colleges and universities. This also happen to mosques‟ environment.

Even in mosques, many issues arise owing to improper record management. Basically, a mosque is one of

the institutions that actively conducts its activities and collects fund every day. However, many problems

exist especially in the management of mosque funds, minutes of meetings, activities and no specific

personnel. As stressed by Anita et al. (2009), the problems related to the management of the mosque fund

are owing to lack of systematic record-keeping and improper management of cash flow. Therefore, the

usage of the fund does not appear transparent as the public does not know its sources and how the money

has been utilised.

On the other hand, Zawiyah M. Yusuf (2005) focused that the knowledge contained in records must be

captured in the organisation‟s memory if they are to be managed and shared for the organisation‟s

prosperity. However, the awareness of managing records has not been on a par with the increasing

acknowledgement of the benefits they have received worldwide. Information technology developments in

the last two decades have created problems and opportunities for record personnel. The materials that now

need to be controlled and managed extend beyond the traditional paper based records to web pages and

multimedia. The rapid change in technology necessitates that the record management function be

prepared for a new wave of demands in terms of the way information is managed and recorded.

Currently, public records enable government administration, facilitate delivery of services to citizens,

document the rights and responsibilities of both government and citizens, provide legal documentation,

serve as evidence of the government‟s work, and provide material for future research.

In 2010, JAIS established the KPI to enable the mosque management to achieve excellence and provide

best services. The convention on mosque management in 2009 concluded with a resolution to produce a

KPI for Selangor state mosques. Generally in Selangor, many activities and events are conducted by the

mosques either weekly, monthly and some even daily. Each mosque will have its own administration and

management. Basically, there is no specific person or department to manage the records. Mosques are

required to maintain the significant personnel record of an officer especially where it affects the officer‟s

career progression, benefit entitlement, and this has financial or legal implications for the next generation

(Roslan Mohamad, 2007). However, whether the mosques actually carry out record management

practices remains unknown. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the record-keeping practices existing

in selected mosques in Selangor and the experiences of these mosques as well as the understanding of the

importance of keeping records in accordance with the National Archives Act 2003 and guidelines of

JAIS. It is also based on the belief that there is inadequate knowledge about the importance of such

documentation, as well as limited resources available to document, preserve and maintain such materials.

Objectives of Research

The objectives of this study were to facilitate a deeper understanding of how these institutions within the

Muslim community maintain their institutional memory and to generate better practices for the future

generation.

i. To identify the level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members of the

importance of record management practices according to the National Archives Act 2003

ii. To gauge the level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members of the

KPI focusing on the filing system published by JAIS

iii. To measure the level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members of

the importance of record management practices



iv. To identify the record management activities in the mosques based on KPI

v. To propose best practices for record management in mosques

Literature Review

Based on the researcher‟s reading, no single research has been conducted earlier related to the record

management practices in mosques in Malaysia or other countries. Although several seminars have been

conducted by academic institutions such as Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Teknologi

MARA (UiTM) and University of Malaya (UM) on mosque management, many of them were more

focused on the function, management, architecture, types of records, etc. Only a few discussed the record

management issue but focused only on the management of financial records, rather than the whole

concept.

According to Hasan Bahrom (2007), a mosque is an important institution in society. Mosques and

Muslims cannot be separated. In history, the mosque is the pulse of a community as a whole. Mosques not

only are specific religious institutions, but have a larger and more important role in the community. As a

grassroots movement of community institutions, mosques should be managed properly and

systematically, and have enough manpower to handle their records and their activities in developing

human resources. In general, Muslims are always willing to give donations so long as it is associated with

the institution of the mosque. One aspect that needs to be seen is if the increase in the number of mosques

would require funding. Therefore, the management of the mosque not only has to plan the activities, but

also plan how to obtain the financial resources to fund such activities.

Ahmad Zaharudin Sani Ahmad Sabri and Mohd Rasul Mohd Noor (2007) mentioned in their paper that a

mosque plays a vital role in spreading Islam. Its role is not restricted only to application in matters

relating to the obligation of Fardhu Ain (the seeking of knowledge demanded of every Muslim

individual) alone, but includes various fields of human existence whether for duniawi (worldly) or

ukhrawi (afterlife) success. Good cooperation and human resources are contributing factors to the

effectiveness of the planned mosque in the modern environment. Thus, this paper set forth a review of

documentation about the role and importance of human resource management in the management of

mosques in order to realise the government's aspirations of a united Muslim community as a means of

achieving progress in accordance with the principles of Islam Hadhari. The actual role of the mosque in

Islam is not merely for prayers and studying the Qur‟an, but includes being: (1) the symbol of

administration and governance; (2) a university centre of human development; (3) knowledge heritage;

(4) parliament for the Islamic state; (5) source of news and information to be submitted to the state; (6)

religious symbol; (7) mysticism; (8) the basis of unity of the ummah.

Another paper discussed the function of the mosque as a community centre and also knowledge centre.

According to Aminuddin Ruskam (2007), as an institution of higher learning in the mosque, Masjid

Sultan Ismail (MSI) has a major and important role to institutionalise the process of implementing Islam

as a religion in human life care administered in the context of human development. The administration of

MSI includes activities for staff, students, libraries, tithe and donation counters, hadanah (custodial

rights) and kindergartens. MSI understands that the function of a mosques and pengimarahan process is

to gather worshippers to remind them of the functions and responsibilities and prepare for the building of

human capital and intellectual generation with integrity and identity based on Islam as a pillar of life. As a

platform of knowledge and social responsibility, MSI prepares the young generation who are willing to

serve the development of religion, nation and state. Shaharom T.M. Sulaiman (2003) also mentioned the



mosque plays a vital role not only as a congregational place, but also as a centre of administration,

education and also in spreading Islamic education and knowledge.

The paper, “Financial Management: Demonstrate Accountability of State Mosque in Peninsular

Malaysia” presented by Siti Alawiyah Siraj et al. (2007) states that in general, the mosque's financial

resources consist of the provisions of the state or federal government and donations received from the

public (sadaqah). Government allocations are used to finance the cost of maintaining control of the

mosque and religious activities. Financial management of the government's allocation is managed by the

State Treasury in collaboration with the State Islamic Religious Department. Financial management

practices at the mosque include budgets, revenue receipts, the use of funds and reporting. Basically, the

study found that the state mosques have a good system of internal control aspects of budgeting and

reporting. In managing the financial records, a guideline that can be used to conduct record management

practice is the Treasury Act 150.

Under the Treasury Instruction 150, all classes of books, accounting records and financial records are to

be kept carefully at least during the financial period. Before the books and records are destroyed, prior

approval must be obtained from the Accountant General or the State Accountant / Treasurer and such

application shall be copied to the National Archives to provide additional information on the number of

records to be destroyed in the measurement of metres or square metres, or cubic metres. Approval of the

National Archives and the Secretary General of the Treasury or the state financial authorities must be

obtained prior to destroying books and financial records.

In Malaysia, the management of records is under the control of the National Archives of Malaysia, which

declared as the federal archives, for the purpose of providing guidelines in the creation, acquisition,

storage and preservation of records and providing facilities for references, research and other purposes.

The functions of national archives are:

1. To identify, acquire, document and preserve national treasures.

2. To provide reference and research facilities to government departments and the public.

3. To provide expertise and advice to government departments on the systematic management of

records.

4. To disseminate information to the public through exhibitions, publications, seminars, forums,

workshops, quizzes and other outreach activities.

In accordance with Section 1 of the National Archives Act 2003, „public records‟ mean records officially

received or produced by any public office for the conduct of its affairs or by any public officer or

employee of a public office in the course of his official duties and includes the records of any government

enterprise and also all records which, on the coming into operation of this act, are in the custody or under

the control of the National Archives of Malaysia established under the National Archives Act 1966 [Act

511]. In other words, public records cover any recorded information relating to the entire department's

duties or daily work.

Therefore, the administration of records in mosques will also be no exception whereby mosque records

provide evidence by which the people have determined themselves as the mosque parish (qaryah),

monitored the growth of their communities, and established their professions, funding, education and, for

some, their very identity. The mosque has been a place where public events could be held accountable for

their actions, a place that provides information upon which society can build its collective memory. This

private institution serves a specific group of individuals and their interests. In order to demonstrate their



responsible management of the records that the congregation has entrusted to their care, a heightened

accountability to preserve the mosque institution trust by providing adequate documentation is required.

Finally, mosques have traditionally assumed a leadership role in their communities especially for

Muslims to instill Islamic values.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI) – Mosque Management in the State of Selangor

The key performance indicator (KPI) for management of state mosques stemmed from the results of the

resolution of the Selangor State Mosque Convention held in 2009. The goal is to enhance and uphold the

mosque as an institution par excellence with a 5-star ranking, thus making the mosque a „forum for

transformation of the ummah‟ (Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor, 2010).

Fourteen (14) objectives have been outlined for the purpose of the mosque management achieving

excellence and providing best services. Each objective contains 100 points, which make up a total of

1,400 points. The objectives are divided into three, namely, administration, basic amenities and

pengimarahan (organisation of activities to draw people to the mosque) as follows:

a) Administration

Prepare and display the complete, clear and current mosque organisational chart

and committee members.

Convene regular meetings of officers and mosque committee.

Prepare periodic financial statements.

File system management that is efficient and neat.

Participation of all officers and mosque committee members in training courses.

Ensure that families of officers and committees are committed to the teachings of

Islam.

Take the necessary steps to the welfare of officers and committees of the mosque.

Management of land endowments, charitable bodies and muslim cemeteries.

b) Basic amenities/facilities

Provide complete infrastructure and facilities.

Ensure landscaping of the mosque

c) Pengimarahan

The presence of prayer in congregation by having a proper and complete education

system, covering all aspects.

Organise events to celebrate the greatness of Islam.

Make the mosque as a centre for dispensing services and advice to the public

Work with the qaryah and other various parties in organising charitable work.

Methodology

A mixed method approach was used. The researcher used the qualitative and quantitative methods in

order to obtain the findings due to the small sample size and also some of the questions need in depth

explanation from the respondents. Quantitative research relies primarily on the collection of quantitative

data, qualitative research relies on the collection of qualitative data and mixed research involves the

combination of the quantitative and qualitative methods or paradigm characteristics (Johnson and

Christensen, 2003).



Population and Sampling

This study focused on mosques only in Selangor. The six mosques selected in this study have made

significant contributions to the public especially in the Klang Valley. The study selected 6 mosques based

on the following recommendations by JAIS:

Active in conducting its activities

Recognised as the „best mosque‟

Located within the Klang Valley

Be the main mosque in its area

The mosque committee is committed and knowledgeable about the KPI

These mosques are therefore particularly relevant to the current research and manage by Mosque

Management Division under JAIS. Its function is to manage 359 mosques and 1,621 surau and prepare

sermons. The target population consisted of the JAIS officer and the mosque officers. Twelve (12)

respondents from six mosques were involved in this study. The mosques are namely:

Table 1

List of selected mosques

The study was carried out through survey and also interview which was conducted in Malay language.

The survey questions were submitted to JAIS and mosque officers while the interview was conducted

only for the JAIS officer from the Mosque Management Division who was responsible for the

management of mosques in Selangor.

Findings

Name Address Phone number

Masjid As Salam, Puchong

Perdana

Masjid As Salam Puchong Perdana,

Persiaran Puchong Perdana, 47150

Puchong,

Selangor Darul Ehsan

03-8062 4864

Masjid Al-Khairiyah

Taman Sri Gombak,

Gombak

Jalan SG 7/1, Taman Seri Gombak,

68100 Batu Caves, Selangor Darul Ehsan

03-6185 5033

Masjid Jamek Al-

Amaniah, Gombak

Masjid Al-Amaniah, Gombak,

68100 Batu Caves, Selangor

-

Masjid Jamek Samadiah,

Pelabuhan Klang

Masjid Jamek Samadiah Pelabuhan Klang

Persiaran Raja Muda Musa,

42000 Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor

03-3166 6636

Masjid Al-Munawwarah,

Seksyen 27, Shah Alam

Masjid al-Munawwarah, Seksyen 27,

40000 Shah Alam

03-5192 2334

Masjid Kota Damansara Masjid Kota Damansara, Jalan Sepah

Puteri 5/21, Kota Damansara, 47810

Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan

03-6148 1136



The researchers have conducted qualitative and quantitative survey. Interview were conducted in order to

support and to provide greater elaboration on the KPI by the JAIS officers in charge of administering the

mosques. Meanwhile, the second method was questionnaire. The questionnaires distributed to the mosque

officers received positive responses. The first questionnaire was distributed to a JAIS officer involved in

preparing the KPI from the early stage in order to obtain his approval of the suitability and validity of the

questionnaire design. The total respondents for the sample of this study were twelve and all of them

answered and returned the questionnaire, which meant a response rate of 100%.

Based on the questionnaires returned, it may be concluded that:

The level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members of the importance of

record management practices according to the National Archives Act 2003 was low. Most of the

respondents had a poor understanding of the National Archives Act 2003.

The level of awareness among mosque officers and committee members of the KPI focusing on

the filing system published by JAIS was high. Most of the respondents had an excellent

understanding of the KPI and had implemented it in managing their mosque operations.

The level of awareness among mosque officers and the committee members of the importance of

record management practices in the mosque were high.

The record management activities were conducted systematically based on KPI.

After analysing the data gathered in this area, the researcher determined that the KPI for mosque

management that had been implemented since 2010 has had a positive impact to the mosques. However,

awareness of the National Archives Act 1966, National Archives Act 2003 and Treasury Instructions 150

among the mosque officers especially from the six selected mosques remained lacking. But, the level of

understanding of the KPI for mosque management was encouraging and most activities were carried out

following the given KPI. The training on record management remained relevant due to the response that

most of the respondents agreed it was important to have training in record management to ensure overall

success of the organisation. Finally, the researcher determined the best record management practices that

could be applied to improve mosque services.

Recommendations for future research

Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the following suggestions that would be beneficial for

other researchers in order to ensure the successful implementation of KPI practices:

1. The implementation of KPI should be expanded to other states as currently only Selangor has

done for its mosque administration.

2. The interview process should be involve not only JAIS officers, but also mosque officers and

members of the qaryah as certain matters cannot be achieved via survey questions alone and

required some clarification.

3. The scope of research should be widened, not only to focus on the mosque, but should include all

musolla (surau) under the mosque administration. This is because a musolla also plays a vital role

in keeping the records of its community which become historical value to the community and also

they have their own activity.



4. Mosque Management of JAIS should play a role and initiative to approach the state archives in

helping them to improve the records management practices in mosque. Given that Islam is the

official religion of Malaysia, all records and activities especially relating to the development of

Islam and knowledge should be preserved.

Suggestions

1. All mosque officers, and not only certain positions like Nazir and secretary, should know and

learn about the KPI in order to implement the KPI successfully in Selangor mosques.

2. JAIS should increase the rewards and incentives for implementation of KPI practices such as:

i. Increase the allocation to the mosque which achieves the target in KPI

ii. Bestow the award not only for the best mosque but also for staff who have

applied the KPI successfully

These will encourage other mosques to make improvements especially relating to KPI.

3. JAIS should apply the KPI roadmap as a strategy to measure the level of KPI practices in

mosques.

Despite the constraint of time and its specific scope, this research has come up with some conclusions:

1. Future studies could involve at least 30% of the total number of mosques and researchers could

conduct in-depth interviews with mosque officers where in the current study, the interview was

conducted only with the JAIS officer. Such an approach could provide greater insights into the

effectiveness of implementing the system.

2. Further research could be conducted to investigate the other issues and success factors in the

implementation of KPI in mosques in Selangor as well as in other states.

3. It is also hoped that this research will be a stepping stone and a promotional kit to promote the

KPI to all mosques in Selangor.

Conclusion

Since this research is considered as pilot research on the record management practices in a mosque

environment, it was not intended to be ambitious. It simply outlines several pertinent issues regarding

awareness of the National Archives Act 2003, KPI for mosque management focusing on the filing system

published by JAIS, importance of record management practices and the activities carried out relating to

records management which was based on six mosques in the Klang Valley area as the case study.



References

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Hak Cipta Terpelihara © 2011 IIUM/UiTM/USIMmyrepositori.pnm.gov.my/bitstream/123456789/3067/1/12KPIOfMosque... · Problem statement . ... this study seeks to identify the record-keeping