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Using the accelerators for

hadron therapy

Karolina Damjanoska

Vera Vaseva

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Accelerators Particle accelerators has told us almost

everything we know about the basicbuilding blocks of matter, and about

natures fundamental forces.

With them we will resolve the mysteries ofdark matter and dark energy.

Many thousands of accelerators serve asessential tools for biomedical and materials

research, for diagnosing and treating

illnesses.

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Use of Accelerators Today

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The Large Hadron Collider in CERN (a proton-

proton collider the grandest scientificinstruments ever built)

Gigantic scientific instrument near Geneva

Particle accelerator used by physicists to studythe smallest known particles

Two beams of subatomic particles called

'hadrons'

Physicists use the LHC

to recreate the conditions

just after the Big Bang

The LHC experiments

(ATLAS, CMS, ALICE,LHCb, TOTEM, LHCf)

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Accelerator applications

For diagnosing illnes and fighting cancer

Radioactive substances for medical imaging,diagnosis of cancer and other conditions via

techniques like positron emission tomography

(PET) They makes it possible to deliver radiation

therapy treatment in dramatically shorter

treatment times

Make radioactive isotopes for diagnostic

procedures and therapy

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Radiotherapy Radiotherapy is the process of irradiating a

malignant tumor with ionizing radiation with the

aim of damaging the DNA of the cancerous cell

Radiotherapy is a method of treating cancerous

tumours using tageted beams of radiation. Theradiation is delivered by a linear accelerator,

which can rotate around the patient's body to

deliver the radiation from different angles

X-ray therapy uses high energy photons

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Hadron therapy

Uses protons or carbon ions

instead of X-rays to target

cancerous tumours

Protons and carbon ionscan target tumour tissue

much more precisely

Demands the design of

complex new technology

Hadron therapy units in

hospitals are larger than the

X-rays therapy units

The particles are

accelerated in one room

and the patient is treated in

another

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A partnerchip for hadron therapy

Three new agreements on hadrontherapy signed atCERN on 7th May 2008. Besides CERN, theagreements involved CNAO, INFN and the privatecompany ADAM SA.PARTNER, the Particle Training Network for European

Radiotherapy, has recently been awarded 5.6 millioneuros by the European Commission. The project,which is coordinated by CERN,

has been set up to train researchers

of the future in hadron

therapy and in doing so

aid the battle against cancer.