Hacker Shifts & Numbers

7/29/2019 Hacker Shifts & Numbers

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Hacker Chapters 13 & 41 Shifts & Numbers


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3/21

These distract or confuse readers

Point of view

Verb tense

Mood or voice Indirect to direct questions/quotations


4/21

First person emphasizes writer

Good for informal letters and writing based onpersonal experience

Second person emphasizes readerGood for giving advice or explaining how to do

something

Third person emphasizes subject

Best for formal academic and professional writing


5/21

Our class practiced rescuing a victim trapped ina wrecked car. We learned to dismantle the carwith the essential tools. You were graded onyour speed and your skill in freeing the victim.

Our class practiced rescuing a victim trapped ina wrecked car. We learned to dismantle the carwith the essential tools. You were graded onyourspeed andyourskill in freeing the victim.


6/21

Consistent verb tenses clearly establish time of theactions being described

There was no way I could fight the current and win.Just as I was losing hope, a stranger jumps off a

passing boat and swims toward me.

There was no way I could fight the current and win.Just as I was losing hope, a stranger jumped off apassing boat and swam toward me.

There was no way I could fight the current and win.Just as I was losing hope, a stranger jumped off apassing boat and swam toward me.


7/21

When writing about literature, use present tense(especially fiction)

The scarlet letter is a punishment sternly placed

on Hesters breast by the community, and yetit was a fanciful and imaginative product ofHesters own needlework.

The scarlet letter is a punishment sternly placed

on Hesters breast by the community, and yetit is a fanciful and imaginative product ofHesters own needlework.


8/21

Three moods in English Indicative is used for facts, opinions, questions

Imperative is used for orders or advice

Subjunctive is used to express wishes or

conditions contrary to factThe counselor advised us to spread out our core

requirements over two or three semester.Also, pay attention to pre-requisites for

elective courses.The counselor advised us to spread out our core

requirements over two or three semester. Shealso suggested that we pay attention to pre-requisites for elective courses.


9/21

Each student completes a self-assessment. Theself-assessment is then given to the teacherand a copy is exchanged with a classmate.

Each student completes a self-assessment, givesit to the teacher, and exchanges a copy with aclassmate.


10/21

Indirect question: We asked whether we couldvisit Miriam

Direct question: Can we visit Miriam?

I wonder whether Karla knew of the theft and, ifso, whether she reported it to the police.

I wonder whether Karla knew of the theft and, ifso, did she report it to the police?

I wonder whether Karla knew of the theft and, ifso, whether she reported it to the police.


11/21

The patient said she had been experiencingheart palpitations and please run as manytests as possible to find out whats wrong.

The patient said she had been experiencingheart palpitations and asked me to run asmany tests as possible to find out what waswrong.

The patient said she had been experiencingheart palpitations and asked me to run asmany tests as possible to find out what waswrong.


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13/21

MLA use numerals for numbers above onehundred (starting with 101)

MLA spell out numbers one hundred andbelow

MLA spell out large round numbers(fifteen million)

APA spell out numbers one through nine,10 and above written numerically

Both when one number immediatelyfollows another, spell out one number anduse numerals for other (three 100-meterevents, 25 four-poster beds)


14/21

Dates July 4, 1776; 56 BC; AD 30

Addresses 77 Latches Lane, 519 West 42nd Street

Percentages 55 percent (or 55%)

Fractions, Decimals , 0.047 Scores 7 to 3, 21 18

Statistics average age 37, average weight 180

Surveys 4 out of 5

Exact amounts of money - $105. 37 Divisions of books volume 3, Chapter 4, page 189

Divisions of plays act 3, scene 3 (or act III, sceneiii)


15/21

Identification numbers serial number10988675

Time of Day 4:00 p.m., 1:30 a.m.

When not using a.m. or p.m., write outthe time in words (two oclock in theafternoon, twelve noon, seven in the

morning)


16/21

I love you.

Subject is the person doing something

I am performing the love; therefore I am the

subject

Object is having something done to them

You are the object of my affection


17/21

Use who when referring to the subject of aclause

Who loves you?

Use whom when referring to the object ofa clause

Whom do you love?


18/21

Him and whom both end with the letter m

When trying to choose between who or whom,ask if the answer to the question would be he

or himWho (or whom) do you love?

Answer is I love him, so whom is correct

Who (or whom) broke his heart?Answer is She broke his heart, so who is

correct


19/21

1. ______ should we invite to the party?

Whom

2. ______ wants ice cream?

Who

3. ____ do you trust?Whom

4. For ______ the Bell Tolls

Whom

5. ______ left the alligator in the backyard?Who

6. ______ do you think you are?

Who


20/21

Youre too big for your britches.

Theyre on their way there.

Please give me two dollars so that I can go tothe store too.


21/21

Give an incorrect example of each shift rule.Then, correct the example.

Complete Exercise 41-1 in Hacker

Complete worksheet athttp://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/magazines/scope/pdfs/SCOPE-REPRO-092109-07.pdf

Documents

Hacker Shifts & Numbers