1.Out of the Wilds and Into Your GardenGardening with Western L.A. County Native PlantsProject SOUND 2012 (our 8th year) Project SOUND

2. Hedges & HabitatWater-wise Hedges & Screens That Provide HabitatC.M. Vadheim and T. DrakeCSU Dominguez Hills & Madrona Marsh Preserve Madrona Marsh Preserve August 4 & 7, 2011 Project SOUND 3. What is a mixed hedge or hedgerow? A row of trees/shrubs & other plants that separate agricultural fields A narrow planting strip that grows along field borders, fence lines, property boundaries and waterwayshttp://blog.histouries.co.uk/2011/03/28/hedges-and-hedgerows-in-england/ A living fence A small ecosystem that has all the key ingredients that an animal needs to survive: food, shelter, nesting and denning sites. Project SOUND 4. Mixed hedges/hedgerows are not a newconcept Hedgerows have long playedan important role inagriculture. Since Bronze Age people firstused them to divide fields,mark property boundaries andcontrol livestock in Europemore than 5,000 years ago,farmers around the worldhttp://www.ehow.com/info_12000999_traditional-hedge-laying.htmlhave appreciated the benefitshedgerows provide Project SOUND 5. What are the benefits of hedgerows? Security keeping people/ animals in or out Provide privacy screens and reduce noise Act as a windbreak Reduce soil erosionhttp://www.ofnc.ca/trailguide/tour3_e.php Attract beneficial insects and reduce pests Provide foods and medicinal plants Provide materials for crafts Provide a backdrop for other plants Increase plant diversity Provide habitat Project SOUNDhttp://www.citrona.com/nativeplanthedgerow.htm 6. What does a classical hedgerow look like?http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Habitat/WildAcres/wahedgerows.asp Looks like a whole garden in a narrow space Traditional hedgerows contain a complex mix of evergreen and deciduous plants, including: Trees/Large shrubs Smaller shrubs & sub-shrubs/ Vines and climbers Perennial wildflowers Grasses Ferns/ Annual wildflowers Project SOUND 7. But what do hedgerows have to do with urban/ suburban Los Angeles county?http://www.barrsam.com/ww/index%20012.htm Project SOUND 8. Can we really create hedgerows in urban/suburban S. California?Yes, if we understand that: We need to consider the appropriate scale of plants We understand that our hedgerows will be small We plant the right types of plants to provide the habitat values that are an essentialhttp://www.dietrick.org/projects/bbb.htmlcomponent of true hedgerows In short, we need to learn how to design S. California Garden Hedgerows Project SOUND 9. In fact, our small gardens make hedgerowseven more important Make the most of smallspaces by multi-tasking Screening Beauty Functional assets (food, etc) Habitat Make good use of limitedspace by: Growing plants close togetherS. California Garden Hedgerows Combining a number ofare essentially wide, carefullydifferent kinds of plantsplanned and densely planted Making optimal use ofgarden bedsvertical space Project SOUND 10. Any habitat is betterthan no habitat For maximum habitat benefit, aCalifornia Backyard Hedgerowshould be: http://www.wildwillowdesign.com/residential-landscape-design/featured-projects/napa-1/ At least 20 feet long the longer the betterhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/mechanoid_dolly/4922239063/ At least 8 feet wide 10-12 ft or more is even better (consider it a large mixed bed) Contain a mix of large shrubs, smaller shrubs/vines, flowering perennials and grasses Feature plants native to the local area or with similar flora/fauna Project SOUND 11. The hedge continuumhttp://www.nzplantpics.com/cat_hedges.htmhttp://www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/photos/0,,1589974,00.htmlformal Project SOUND 12. To cut or not to cut? Many native hedge plantscan be pruned or not thechoice is yours You can even cut one sidehttp://www.ruralni.gov.uk/print/hedge-cutting.jpgand leave the other uncut Once you choose to cut,youre committed to cutting Choosing to cut hasconsequences http://www.pcorbett.co.uk/hedge-cutting-contractor.htm Project SOUND 13. The formal hedge Often composed of a singletype of shrub Pruned to formal oftengeometric - shapeshttp://www.hotgardens.net/hedges.htm Maintained by regular pruning often several times a year Requires plants with certaincharacteristics: Moderate growth rate Densely branched Fine-textured foliage; small leaves Can take regular shearinghttp://blogs.move.com/do-it-green/2007/06/06/hedges-a-green-alternative-to-fences/ Project SOUND 14. The informal hedge May contain one or severaldifferent species of plants Plants can differ in size,even shape.http://www.ipswich.gov.uk/Services/Greenways+Countryside+Project/Photos/The+Fonnereau+Way.htm Are lower-maintenance Initial shaping may be required Yearly pruning to maintain general size, promote plant health May be too large and unrulyfor home gardens Project SOUND 15. The semi-formal hedge Rely on pruning to maintainnatural shape. Are a little bit more formal so appropriate for urbangardens. Work well with many of ournative species. Need enough space in thegarden to show their form. Are more forgiving; pruningis less crucial. Project SOUND 16. The S. California Garden Hedgerow Is designed to be in scale with local gardens: At least 20 ft long At least 8-10 ft wide Uses CA native plants (at least primarily) Usually ranges in size from large shrubs (6-10 ft tall) to groundcovers Provides a screen Reflects the owners desires in design, plant choices, formalityhttp://www.wildwillowdesign.com/residential-landscape-design/featured-projects/napa-1/ Project SOUND 17. The new backyard a clean slate 60 ft15 ft (2 shrubs) Project SOUND 18. Steps in designing a S. California GardenHedgerow Draw a scale map of the area Do site assessment: light, etc. Decide on a plant palette: N. Calif. Coast Water Zone 2 to 2-3 Western L.A. Co. Zone 2 Sonoran Desert Water Zone 1-2 to 2 Choose a Backbone Shrub species; determine number of plants needed Choose complementary Filler Shrubs Complete design with smaller shrubs, sub-shrubs, perennials, grasses & groundcovers Project SOUND 19. Backbone Shrub the key to a goodhedgerow Will constitute 40 to 70% percent of the mixed hedgerow Should be selected first. Should be a plant with: Evergreen foliage A good growth rate; Nice, but neutral-looking, foliage Pest/disease resistance Appropriate for your site Added value: flowers/fruit/seeds Comparison shop before you choose Compare 3-4 potential BackboneShrubs before making finalselection Choose the species with the mostvaluehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Myrica_californica.jpg Project SOUND 20. Zone 2 to 2-3 Northern CoastBackbone Shrub : Coffeeberry (Frangula/Rhamnus californica) Project SOUND 21. How dense to plant the large shrubs? Principles: Need some overlap no gaps Need to insure that the death ofone shrub doesnt leave a gap Want it to fill in as quickly aspossible 4-6 ft on center Dont want to over-crowd species1-2 ftthat normally have room tostretch Rules of thumb: 1-2 foot overlap between adjacentmature large shrubs Example: 8 ft wide shrubs are 4 ft radius/8 ft diameterplanted 4 to 6 feet apart Project SOUND 22. Zone 2 to 2-3 Northern Coast 8-9 large shrubs Project SOUND 23. But what if we want our hedgerow to be more drought tolerant and local? http://earthfriendlylandscapes.blogspot.com/2010/07/planting-with-hedges-in-california.htmlNo problem weve got a wealth oflarge evergreen shrubs native tohttp://nativeson.com/annotated_catalog/qcatalog.htmwestern L.A. County Lemonadeberry - Rhus integrifolia Project SOUND 24. Steps in designing a California BackyardHedgerow Draw a scale map of the area Do site assessment: light, etc. Decide on a plant palette: N. Calif. Coast Water Zone 2 to 2-3 Western L.A. Co. Water Zone 2 Sonoran Desert Water Zone 1-2 to 2 Choose a Backbone Shrub species; determine number of plants needed Choose complementary Filler Shrubs Complete design with smaller shrubs, sub-shrubs, perennials, grasses & groundcovers Project SOUND 25. Western L.A. Co. Palette: Water Zone 2 Large shrubs: backbone candidates Ceanothus crassifolius: white/gray Ceanothus cuneatus: white/green Ceanothus megacarpus : white/green Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber: ins/green Heteromeles arbutifolia: white/green Prunus ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia: white/green Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii: white/green Project SOUND 26. Zone 1-2 to 2: local native backbone plantshttp://sbwildflowers.wordpress.com/wildflowers/rhamhttp://www.researchlearningcenter.org/bloom/spnaceae/ceanothus/ceanothus-cuneatus/ ecies/Ceanothus_megacarpus_megacarpus.ht mCeanothus crassifolius Ceanothus cuneatus Ceanothus megacarpushttp://www.flickriver.com/photos/mechanoid_dolly/sets/72157624828039022/ Heteromeles arbutifolia Project SOUND 27. Zone 1-2 to 2: local native backbone plantsCercocarpus montanus var. glaber Prunus ilicifolia Project SOUND 28. Planning a hedgerow Appropriate for site/compatible with other plants take time in planning Size Light Soils Water needs Aesthetic considerations Foliage characteristics: color,texture, etc. Flowers: color, season, etc. Fruits/seeds: color, season, etc. Other benefits Scent; edible; medicinal; etc. Habitat value What species: insects, birds, etcRemember, your hedgerow What they provide: food, shelter,will be around for a long timenest sites, perches Project SOUND 29. How do the local backbone shrubs stack up?Ceanothus species Toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia Flowers: abundant, white, spring Flowers: abundant, cream, summer Fruits: insignificant looking Fruits: showy, red in winter Other: soap; dye Other: dye; medicinal Aesthetic: pretty; neat, Aesthetic: neat; nice green color;evergreen; well-knowncan prune to tree shape; well-known Hedge characteristics: good; Hedge characteristics: good; densedense & take semi-formal hedging & take formal/informal hedging Habitat: bees: good; birds: cover Habitat: insects good; birds & fruits/seeds cover, nest, fruits Project SOUND 30. How do the local backbone shrubs stack up?Mountain Mahogany - CercocarpusNative Cherries - Prunus ilicifolia Flowers: seeds showy Flowers: masses of white, spr/su Fruits: no Fruits: edible cherries, fall Other: medicinal; dye Other: fruit; medicinal; dye Aesthetic: pleasant; neutral Aesthetic: shiny leaves, good color,background; white bark; can be pretty flowers, fruitstree-like Hedge characteristics: excellent, Hedge characteristics: informalformal/informal, narrow screensor formal; easy to maintain Habitat: bees excellent; Pale Habitat: bees excellent; birds Swallowtail host plant; Project SOUND birds perch, nest, cover, seeds 31. Western L.A. Co. backbone shrub: Toyon Project SOUND 32. Replacing the old (short) hedgehttp://www.jeunitedrealty.com/listing/2009-robinson-street-%7Cb-redondo-beach-s12013328 Project SOUND 33. How many 8-10 ft backbone shrubs?22 fthttp://www.jeunitedrealty.com/listing/2009-robinson-street-%7Cb-redondo-beach-s12013328 Project SOUND 34. How many 8-10 ft backbone shrubs? Place one shrub ateach end each 5 ftin from edge 12 feet remain 6 ft You have room for atotal of 3 plants 6 ftplanted 6 feet on22 ftcenter You might want to: Use just a backbonehttp://www.jeunitedrealty.com/listing/2009-robinson-street-%7Cb-redondo-beach-s12013328species for lg. shrub Choose a filler shrub that looks similar to the backbone Project SOUND 35. Replacing the old (short) hedge 5 ft 6 ft 6 ftToyonToyon or MountainToyon Mahogany Project SOUND 36. What do we still need?Aesthetics/Human UsesHabitat Have Have Summer flowers Summer nectar Winter red berries Winter fruits Dye/medicinal plant Good cover/nest sites Need Need Winter/spring color -flowers Seeds Colored flowers ? Fruits: ? Different foliage Grass: nests; seeds; Skipper habitat Project SOUND 37. Need 3 more local large shrubs Large shrubs Filler Backbone Arctostaphylos glauca Ceanothus spinosus Ceanothus crassifolius: white/gray Comarostaphylis Ceanothus cuneatus: white/greendiversifolia Ceanothus megacarpus : white/green Cornus glabrata Crossosoma californicum Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber: Garrya veatchiiins/green Mahonia nevinii Laurel Sumac (Malosma Heteromeles arbutifolia: white/green laurina) ?? Rhamnus crocea Prunus ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia: Rhus integrifoliawhite/green Quercus berberidifolia Prunus ilicifolia ssp. lyonii: white/green ? Xylococcus bicolor Project SOUND 38. Possible local filler shrubs Local Ceanothus Nevins Barberry Mahonia neviniiSummer HollySpiny ReberryComarostaphylis diversifoliaRhamnus crocea Project SOUND 39. Western L.A. County Palette: Water Zone 2 Toyon - Heteromeles arbutifolia Wedgeleaf Ceanothus - Ceanothus cuneatus Summer Holly - Comarostaphylis diversifolia Project SOUND 40. Western L.A. County Palette: Water Zone 2 Project SOUND 41. What do we still need?Aesthetics/Human UsesHabitat Have Have Summer flowers Winter red berries Summer nectar Dye/medicinal plant Winter fruits Winter/spring color Good cover/nest sites flowers Fruits: more variety Need Need Colored flowers Seeds ? Different foliage Grass: nests; seeds; Mid- and low-growing Skipper habitat species Project SOUND 42. Western L.A. Co. Palette: smaller species OtherAchillea millefolium Smaller shrubsArtemisia californica Amorpha californica var.californicaBoykinia rotundifolia Brickellia californicaGrindelia stricta var. platyphylla Lycium californicumSalvia spathacea Ribes aureumSolanum wallacei Ribes indecorumSolidago californica Salvia leucophyllaTauschia arguta Salvia melliferaVenegasia carpesioidesNative grasses Project SOUND 43. Zone 2 (local) backbone shrub: Toyon Purple Sage - Salvia leucophylla Western Yarrow - Achillea millefolia Foothill Needlegrass - Nassella lepida Project SOUND 44. Zone 2 (local) backbone shrub: Toyon Golden Currant - Ribes aureum Purple Sage - Salvia leucophylla Western Yarrow - Achillea millefolia Foothill Needlegrass - Nassella lepida Project SOUND 45. Weve transformed the old (short) hedge Golden Currant: colored flowers/edible berries/contrasting foliagePurple Sage : scented foliage (herb) /colored flowers/nectar/seeds/gray foliage Western Yarrow: flowers/beneficial insects/seeds/medicinal Project SOUND 46. Placing smaller shrubs/other small plants Plants nearest to the largeshrubs should overlap thelarge shrubs 1 ft overlap you will prune these as ifthey are an extension of thelarge shrubs Plants further from the largeshrubs can be spaced furtherapart or overlapped depends on the plants andyour personal taste Project SOUND 47. The hedgerow at Heritage Creek Preserve Project SOUND 48. Sonoran Desert Palette: Water Zone 1-2 to 2 http://www.shannontech.com/ParkVision/JoshuaTree/JoshuaTree4.html Project SOUND 49. A little less water (Sonoran Desert Palette) Large shrubs Smaller shrubs Abutilon palmeri Backbone Acalypha californica Arctostaphylos pungens Encelia farinosa Forestiera pubescens var. Justicia californica pubescens Sphaeralcea ambigua Lycium brevipes Simmondsia chinensis Other Filler Ericameria nauseosa Calliandra eriophylla Geraea canescens Fallugia paradoxa Mirabilis multiflora varsglandulosa and pubescens Hyptis emoryi Nolina bigelovii Lycium andersonii Penstemon eatonii Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia Penstemon palmeri Prunus andersonii Viguiera parishii Project SOUND 50. Zone 1-2: Sonoran Desert backbone shrubshttp://www.delange.org/ManzanitaPointleaf/ManzanitaPointleaf.htm Point-leaf ManzanitaJojoba - Simmondsia chinensis Arctostaphylos pungensLycium brevipeshttp://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result. http://seedsofsuccess.smugmug.com/keyword/pubescens/1/11php?id_image=1004 53460478_2UbVe#!i=279467734&k=Y7pqcDesert Olive - Forestiera pubescens Project SOUND 51. *Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis 2003 Monty Rickard Project SOUND 52. Characteristics of Jojoba depend a bit onthe site Size: 3-12 ft tall (usually 6-10 ft) 6-10 ft wide Growth form: Large woody shrub or small tree (larger forms in wetter sites) Many branches; dense provides good cover Foliage: Thick, leathery gray-green leaves Evergreen except in severe drought; deer & rabbits eat it Leaves move through day to minimize sun exposure Roots: deep taproots; dont disturb 2005 Michelle Cloud-Hughes Project SOUND 53. Jojobas is really Soils:drought tolerant Texture: well-drained; sandy or rocky best pH: any local (6.0-8.0) Light: Full sun to part-shade Takes hot exposures Water: Winter: no flooding, but needs good soil replenishment Summer: best with occasional water (Zone 1-2 to 2) but can be treated as Zone 1 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: use an inorganic mulchhttp://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=3245(crushed rock; coarse sand) Project SOUND 54. Jojoba is gaining popularity as awater-wise shrub Really hardy great forplaces that get littleRemind you amaintenance (streetbit of olive trees! medians; roadsides) Can be used as a small treehttp://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/speci Makes wonderful water-wisehedges, screens, windbreakses/sich.htm Informal little or no pruning Formal clipped or hedged (after seed production) Hedgerow foundation plant Project SOUND 55. * Desert Olive Forestiera pubescens var. pubescensUSDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Project SOUND 56. Desert Olive: largeshrub or small tree? Size: 10-15+ ft tall; mod. long-lived 12-15 ft wide Growth form: Woody shrub/tree; lovely gray USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database bark ; moderate growth rate Somewhat mounded shape reminds me of Laurel Sumac but may be almost vine-like Densely branched, some thorny; hard wood (used for tools) Foliage: Winter deciduous Bright green/gray-green leaves yellow color in fallhttp://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=FOPUPhttp://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/dendrology/syllabus2/factsheet.cfm?ID=739 Roots: naturally clump-forming Project SOUND 57. Desert Olive is very undemanding Soils: Texture: any, but well-drained best pH: any local (6.0-8.0) Light: full sun to part-shade; Water: Winter: needs enough for ground- water replenishment Summer: regular water first year; then Zone 1-2 to 2 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: tolerates heat, high winds,moderate soil salinityhttp://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Yellow%20Enlarged%20Photo Project SOUND%20Pages/forestiera%20pubescens.htm 58. Flowers are reminiscent of Forsythia Blooms: Spring: usually Feb/Mar. inwestern L.A. County depends on http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/4DMG/Trees/Shrubs/mexpriv.htm night temperatures Often flowers before plants leafout like Forsythia Flowers: Tiny and rudimentary, but lots ofthem Clustered along branches quiteshowy & sweet-scented (like allolives) Important nectar source fornectar insects (mostly native bees& butterflies) Project SOUNDhttp://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Yellow%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/forestiera%20pubescens.htm 59. Desert Olive is a true olive Family: Oleaceae (Olive Family) trees or shrubs comprising about 30 genera and 600 species Many members of the family are economically significant.Includes: Forestiera & http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Yellow%20Enlarged%20Photo %20Pages/forestiera%20pubescens.htm The olive (Olea europaea) - important for fruit and oil The ashes (Fraxinus) - tough wood Forsythia, lilacs (Syringa), jasmines (Jasmonium), privets (Ligustrum), are valued as ornamental plants Important habitat plants: food, shelter& nesting sites (pollinator insects; larvalfood for Hairstreaks, Sphinx Moth;many birds & animals eat fruit andutilize shelter)http://tree-species.blogspot.com/2007/11/olive-tree.html The olives of Forestiera may sometime bean important source of olive oil.European Olive - Olea Europaea Project SOUND 60. Can be pruned and shaped, even hedged Can be sheared to areasonable hedge Mix with other species inmixed hedge or hedgerowhttp://www.coopext.colostate.edu/4DMG/Trees/Shrubs/mexpriv.htm Very adaptable anduseful could probablyeven be espaliered Limit water to providebetter shape Project SOUNDhttp://flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/2640329338/in/set-72157605994561368/http://www.flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/2973733432/ 61. * Baja Desert-thorn Lycium brevipes 2002 Charles E. Jones Project SOUND 62. * Baja Desert-thorn Lycium brevipes s Channel Islands, western SonoranDesert CA and NW Mexico Coastal bluffs, canyons, below 2000http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7625,7636,7639 2010 Aaron Schusteff Project SOUND 63. Baja Desert-thorn: typical Lycium Size: 8-12 ft tall 8-12 ft wide Growth form: Large, woody shrub Mounded, densely branching(good for hedges) 2010 Aaron Schusteff Stout thorns Gray-brown bark Foliage: Small, rounded leaves Succulent, pale green Evergreen or droughtdeciduous Project SOUND 64. Sweet little flowers Blooms: in spring; usually Mar-May in our area Flowers: Masses of small, white to 2010 Neal Kramer purplish flowers Sweet and old-fashioned May be almost hidden by leaves Attract bees, butterflies and hummingbirds Fruits: Like tiny tomatoes Abundant and showy Project SOUND 65. Uses for fruits Decorative plant is verypretty when fruiting Birds love the fruits youllknow when theyre ripe Human uses:http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Lycium_brevipes.html Dried Fresh, as a snack Cooked for tomato-likesauces Project SOUNDhttp://www.abdnha.org/pages/03flora/family/solanaceae/lycium_brevipes.htm 66. Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: any well-drained pH: any local Light: Full sun Fine with reflected heat Water: Winter: be sure it gets good winter moisture Summer: best with occasional water Zone 1-2 to 2 will keep it green Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: inorganic mulch (gravel;DG; crushed rock; etc.) Project SOUND 67. Lyciums: good inwater-wise gardens For tall hedges, hedgerows and screens: semi-formal to informal (can be pruned to shape; even hedge-trimmed) Pruned up as a small tree http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Lycium_brevipes.html Good shrub for attracting wide range of wildlife: Nectar Fruits Dense cover, nesting sites Project SOUNDhttp://www.desertmuseumdigitallibrary.org/public/detail.php?id=ASDM08603 68. How do our backbone shrubs stack up?Pointleaf ManzanitaArctostaphylos pungens Desert Olive - Forestiera pubescens Flowers: yellow; spring; sweet Flowers: white; early spring Fruits: edible olives (need M/F) Fruits: edible berries; pretty Other: Other: medicinal; dye Aesthetic: attractive shape, Aesthetic: attractive form, bark; pretty bigfoliage; ?? Mixed with others Hedge characteristics: informal Hedge characteristics: informal, to semi-formalsemi-formal Habitat: very important habitat Habitat: bird hummingbirds, for wide range of insect andfruit, cover, nest sites bird species Project SOUND 69. How do our backbone shrubs stack up?Baja Desert-thorn - Lycium brevipes Jojoba - Simmondsia chinensis Flowers: small, purple - spring Flowers: insig./ insects Fruits: edible, tomato-like (small) Fruits: not really showy; edible Other: edible berries Other: medicinal Aesthetic: striking berries; a bit Aesthetic: nice color and shape informal lookinglike an shrubby olive tree Hedge characteristics: best left Hedge characteristics: excellentsemi-formal for berries formal to informal Habitat: excellent for insects, Habitat: excellent for insects,fruit/insect-eating birds birds, small animals Project SOUND 70. Zone 1-2 (Sonoran) backbone shrub: Jojoba Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis Baja Desert-thorn - Lycium brevipes Project SOUND 71. What do we still need?Aesthetics/Human Uses Habitat Have Have Summer berries red Cover/nesting sites Edible fruits Summer fruits/fall nuts Need Spring nectar plants Spring/summer flower color Need Scented flowers/foliage Seeds More edibles More larval food sources More foliage variability(butterflies & moths) Mid- to low height range More nectar/pollen sources Project SOUND 72. Zone 1-2: Sonoran Desert native filler shrubshttp://www.unce.unr.edu/programs/sites/nemo/lid/plantlist/plantdetails.asp?ID=38http://wolf.mind.net/swsbm/Images/New10-2003.htmlPrunus andersonii Lycium andersonii 1998 Larry Blakelyhttp://www.andydownunder.com/nature_profiles?id=129Hyptis emoryi Project SOUND 73. Zone 1-2: Sonoran Desert filler shrubsPink Fairyduster Calliandra eriophylla Apache Plume - Fallugia paradoxa Project SOUND 74. *Desert Lavender Hyptis emoryi 2004 James M. Andre Project SOUND 75. Desert Lavender isa woody shrub Size: 3-8+ ft tall 3-8+ ft wide Growth form: In nature (with little water) acompact, branching uprightshrub Drought-deciduous to evergreen Gray bark Slow growth (with little water Foliage: White-green to gray green; hairy Simple leaves; lavender scentwhen crushed or after rainhttp://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/violets/violet10.html Project SOUND 76. Desert Lavender is a Soils:typical desert shrub Texture: must be well-drained; sandy or rocky pH: any local Light: Full sun needed for densefoliage Tolerates reflected heat good for very hot place ingarden Water: Once established, giveoccasional water (Zone 1-2) Withhold water in latesummer/fall Fertilizer: none; likes poor soilshttp://caornamentalnativeplants.org/desert_lavender.jpg Project SOUND 77. Flowers are dainty Blooms: off and on throughout the year, but most heavily in spring Flowers: Tiny; in clusters Lavender to purple; typicalshape for Mint family Scented of lavender A bee, butterfly &hummingbird magnet!! Seeds: small; plant in spring no treatment 2004 James M. Andrehttp://www.delange.org/Lavender/Lavender.htm Project SOUND 78. Desert Lavender is popular with desert gardeners As an attractive accent shrubnear patios and walks In a habitat garden; try it as aninformal or sheared hedge As a delightful addition to theEvening Garden color & scentmake it attractive day & night http://www.delange.org/Lavender/Lavender.htm Project SOUNDhttp://www.mswn.com/Plant%20Info%20Sheets/Hyptis%20emoryi.pdf 79. Desert Lavender is important for desert peoples to this day Dried foliage used to make a calming tea,season foods Infusions of flowers and leaves used forinflammatory and infectious conditions A poultice of crushed leaves makes anantibacterial dressing for wounds Fragrant natural cleansing bar, with thehealing qualities of Desert Lavender (Hyptisemoryi) and organic jojoba oil extractedfrom the seeds of Simmondsiaboth nativeto the desert Southwest--partner herewith the best French lavender essence toachieve moisturizing aromatherapy as youhttp://www.flordemayoarts.com/pages/soapinfolavender.html bathe. Dried foliage has been used instead ofmothballs - fragrance is said to repel moths Project SOUND 80. Zone 1-2 (Sonoran) backbone shrub: Jojoba Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis Baja Desert-thorn Lycium brevipes Desert Lavender Hyptis emoryi Project SOUND 81. * Apache Plume Fallugia paradoxa Project SOUND 82. * Apache Plume Fallugia paradoxa Desert uplands from 3,500 to 7,500feet Throughout all four south-westerndeserts -- Mojave, Chihuahuan,Great Basin, and Sonoran In CA, Joshua Tree Woodland,Pinyon-Juniper Woodlandhttp://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6721,6722 Fallugia is a monotypic genus ofshrub containing the single speciesFallugia paradoxa Introduced into cultivation inCalifornia by Theodore Payne; Availeven through Monrovia Nursery 2009 Lee Dittmann Project SOUND 83. Apache Plume: medium-large desert shrub Size: 4-8+ ft tall 5-10+ ft wide Growth form: Semi-evergreen to evergreen depends on water Mounded form; many shrubby G.A. Cooper @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Databaseslender branches good coverfor birds, etc. Shreddy gray-brown bark Foliage: Small, deeply-lobed leaves fine textured appearance looks good with other shrubs Roots: spreads by root suckeringPatrick J. Alexander @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database with abundant waterProject SOUND 2007 Jason E. Willand 84. Flowers and seeds are very showy Blooms: in spring April-June inour area Flowers: Give a good clue that this plant is in the Rose family 2 inch pure white flowers like a wild rose ooh la la Like a rose, attracts many insects (butterflies, bees, etc.) Seeds: 2010 James M. Andre Have fluffy tails very showy on the plant Fade from pink to gold as they mature Project SOUND 85. Soils:Another desert wash plant Texture: likes a well-drainedsoil, but pretty adaptable pH: any local Light: full sun to part-shade perfect for hedgerow Water: Winter: supplement if needed Summer: likes occasional 2009 Lee Dittmannsummer water, but verydrought tolerant whenestablished Water Zone 1-2to 2 (about once a month) Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: inorganic mulch or very thin organic 2006 Heath McAllister Project SOUND 86. Managing Apache Plume Prune in late fall/winter Prune to shape & promote blooms (blooms on new growth)http://desertedge.blogspot.com/2011/06/plant-trinity-abq-to-el-paso.html Selective deep pruning of oldbranches (3 years or older) Shortening of younger ones(up to of length) Hedge pruning/tip pruning in summer makes it neater, too Prune to rejuvenate Cut oldest woody stems to theground to rejuvenate Project SOUND 87. Gardeners are discovering Apache Plume As an accent plant in desert-themed gardens for beauty &habitat value As a foundation shrub In informal hedges/hedgerows 2002 Gary A. Monroe In very hot, dry situations (parkinglots; roadways) http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/fallugia-paradoxa 2003 Charles E. Jones http://www.nazflora.org/Fallugia_paradoxa.htm Project SOUND 88. * Pink Fairy Duster Calliandra eriophylla http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CAER Project SOUND 89. * Pink Fairy Duster Calliandra eriophylla Sonoran Desert from CA & Baja to W. Texas Dry, gravelly slopes & mesas ; often in beds of intermittent streams, bajadas, washes, etc. - rocky, sandy In Spanish, Cabeza de angel refers to an angels head or angels hairhttp://www.graniteseed.com/seeds/seed.php?id=Calliandra_eriophyllahttp://www.saguaro-juniper.com/i_and_i/flowers/fairy_duster/fairy_duster.html Project SOUND http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CAER 90. Pink Fairyduster is a nice sized accent shrub Size: 3-5+ ft tall (depends on water) 4-6+ ft wide Growth form: Woody shrub Mounded/upright to sprawling;can grow around existinghttp://www.public.asu.edu/~camartin/plants/Plant%20html%20files/calliandraeriophylla.htmlshrubs Light-colored bark Foliage: Bright to medium green Binnately pinnate small pinna(like Acacia) Roots: nitrogen-fixing bacteria;rhizomatous will slowly spread 2005 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy http://www.fourdir.com/p_fairy_duster.htm Project SOUND 91. A plant of desert washes Soils: Texture: loves sandy/rocky soilsbut fine in any well-drained pH: any local Light: Full sun for best flowering Will take light shade Water: Winter: needs adequate Summer: Best looking with occasional water (Zone 1-2 or 2) but very drought tolerant Some water in Aug. Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils; inorganic mulch Glenn and Martha Vargas California Academy of Sciences Project SOUND 92. Showy accent plant As a foundation plant A water-wise accent shrub As an informal hedge or for erosion control on slopes Even in large containers Consider for Asian or Desert- http://www.flickr.com/photos/36517976@N06/4307505066/ themed gardens Project SOUNDhttp://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Calliandra_eriophylla.html 93. Shaping Fairydusters Have a good natural shape can leave as is Tip-prune during growing season to produce fuller shrub Lightly prune to shape in late springhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/36517976@N06/4307505066/http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/caleri.htm SOUND Projecthttp://www.avondale.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=1346&return=b_aC 94. Placing Sonoran Desert Palette plants: observe desert wash patterns Notable patterns: Masses of plants contrast otherplant masses Colorhttp://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/archive/jdeacon/desbiome/sonoran.htm Evergreen vs. deciduous Simplicity Spacing to conserve water Project SOUNDhttp://localism.com/az/phoenix/sonoran_foothills 95. Zone 1-2 (Sonoran) backbone shrub: Jojoba Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis Baja Desert-thorn Lycium brevipes Desert Lavender Hyptis emoryi Apache Plume Fallugia paradoxa Pink Fairyduster Calliandra eriophylla Project SOUND 96. Zone 1-2 (Sonoran) backbone shrub: Jojoba Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis Baja Desert-thorn Lycium brevipes Desert Lavender Hyptis emoryi Apache Plume Fallugia paradoxa Pink Fairyduster Calliandra eriophylla Project SOUND 97. But maybe pink isnt your thing Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis Baja Desert-thorn Lycium brevipes Desert Lavender Hyptis emoryi Project SOUND 98. Zone 1-2: Sonoran Desert filler plants: lots ofchoices Smaller shrubs Indian Mallow - Abutilon palmeri California Copperleaf -Acalypha californica Desert Encelia - Encelia farinosa Rabbitbush - Ericameria nauseosa Chuparosa - Justicia californica Desert Mallow - Sphaeralcea ambigua Other Coues/Desert Senna Cassia covesii Geraea canescens Mirabilis multiflora vars glandulosa andpubescens Nolina bigelovii Penstemon eatonii Penstemon palmeri Project SOUND 99. * Chuparosa Justicia californica 2010 Neal Kramer Project SOUND 100. * Chuparosa Justicia californica Sonoran/ Western Colorado Desert plant:CA, AZ & N. Mexico Dry, sandy or rocky soils, washes from1000-4000 ft elevation Introduced into cultivation in California byhttp://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?JUCA8 Theodore Payne. AKA: Beloperone; Hummingbird Bushhttp://agentmary.wordpress.com/category/california-sights/ CharlesWebberCaliforniaAcademyofSciences Project SOUND 101. Chuparosa: takes some time to establish Size: 3-6 ft tall 4-8+ ft wide Growth form: Mounded sub-shrub from a woody basehttp://www.solano.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=2065&return=l8_p2 Stems green, becoming gray/hairy Takes 4-5 years to fill out Foliage: Bright green succulent leaves in spring Cold & drought deciduous usually leafless most of the year in nature 2002 Charles E. Jones Project SOUND 102. Blooms:Flowers are superb Main bloom in spring : usuallyMar-May in western L.A. county Blooms off and on through fallwith rains/irrigation Flowers: hummingbird flowers Tubular, red (may be orange oreven yellow) Lots of them along the stems Attract hummingbirds likemagnets let the battles begin! Sparrows bite off the flowersand eat the nectar-filled bases Flowers edible: raw or cooked taste cucumber-like Seeds: No pre-treatment needed to 2010 Neal Kramergrow from seed Project SOUND 103. Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: well-drained/sandy soils best, but tolerant pH: any local Light: Full sun; if using in a hedgerow, plant on the south of west- facing side Water: Winter: supplement if needed; dont over-water clays Summer: likes occasional water Zone 1-2 to 2 (will become very large with more water) Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: inorganic mulch bestJ.E.(Jed)andBonnieMcClellanCaliforniaAcademyofSciences Project SOUND 104. Chuparosa in the garden Often used as a showy specimen plantin desert-themed gardens A must for hummingbird gardens As a filler plant in a low-waterhedgerow In large pots/containers Project SOUND 105. Justicia californica Tecate Gold Color variants exist in nature The gold variants are basicallylike the standard red-floweredspecies, but with yellow flowers Look for more variants in thefuture Project SOUNDhttp://www.huntingtonbotanical.org/WhatsInBloom/april07/Page4.html 106. A timeline for S. CA Garden Hedgerows Year 1 Plant large shrubs (backbone & fillershrubs) Plant cover species: grasses, annuals,herbaceous groundcovers Weed, weed, weed Selective pruning: health; fullness infast-growing species Year 2-4 Replace large shrubs if needed Add smaller species as hedgerowsize/shape is revealed Weed, weed Prune for fullness during growthseason Project SOUND 107. Fillers cover, hide and provide habitat Project SOUND 108. *Coues Cassia Senna covesii 2005 Gene Wagner, RPh. Project SOUND 109. *Coues Cassia (Desert Senna) Senna covesii Sonoran Desert (San Diego, Imperial, Riverside,San Bernardino Co.), NV, AZ, N. Mexico Dry, sandy desert washes, slopes from 1,000 to3,500 feet elevation Named after Dr. Elliott Coues 1842-1899, notedornithologist who was stationed by the U.S.government at Fort Whipple in 1864, author ofhttp://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3691,4205,4207Birds of the Colorado ValleyRobert Potts California Academy of Scienceshttp://www.nazflora.org/Senna_covesii.htm Project SOUND 110. Desert Senna is a shrubby Pea Size: 4-6+ ft tall 2-4 ft wide Growth form: Upright, part-woody stems from awoody base Stems gray/tan, hairy Open appearance Quick-growing Foliage: 2010 Steve Matson Bright green to gray green depending on water/light Pea-like leaves w/ large leaflets Larval food for Cloudless Sulphur& Sleepy Orange butterflies Project SOUNDhttp://www.fireflyforest.com/flowers/2329/senna-covesii-coves-cassia/ 111. Flowers bring them in Blooms: Main bloom in spring; usually Feb-Apr in our area Blooms off & on with summer rains/water Flowers: Senna/Cassia flowers Golden yellow, 5-petal and very showy Sweetly scented (bubblegum) Buzz-pollinated by large carpenter bees, bumblebees Seeds: 2004 James M. Andre Large seed in long pod that explodes open (like Lupine) Re-seeds well on bare ground Project SOUND 112. Senna: desert washes Soils: Texture: well-drained gravelly/sandy in nature pretty tolerant of others pH: any local Light: Full sun for best flowering; tolerates part-shade Water: 2008 Gary A. Monroe Winter: supplement if needed Summer: drought tolerant, but will bloom longer with occasional summer water Zone 1-2 to 2 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: inorganic mulch or none Project SOUND http://www.desertmuseumdigitallibrary.org/public/detail.php?id=ASDM01329&sp=Senna %20covesii 113. Desert Senna in the garden Often used as a filler plant aroundother shrubs/trees and cacti in adesert-themed garden For habitat: flowers, foliage and seeds As a filler plant in water-wisehedgerows, paired with other Sonoranhttp://learningtolivehere.wordpress.com/2010/06/05/vegetation/Desert plantshttp://www.gardeningonthemoon.com/2011/09/14/a-gem-in-the-rough-senna-cassia-covesii/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Senna_covesii.jpg Project SOUND 114. A timeline for S. CA Garden Hedgerows, cont. Year 5-7 Plant shade-tolerant vines & climbers Plant shade-tolerant cover species: grasses, annuals, herbaceous groundcovers Weed Prune for to shape/hedge during growth season (most) or dormant season Enjoy! Year 8+ Weed, Prune for to shape/hedge during growth season Enjoy!!!! Project SOUND 115. The S. California Garden Hedgerow Is designed to be in scale with local gardens: At least 20 ft long At least 8-10 ft wide Uses CA native plants (at least primarily) Usually ranges in size from large shrubs (6-10 ft tall) to groundcovers Provides a screen Reflects the owners desires in design, plant choices, formalityhttp://www.wildwillowdesign.com/residential-landscape-design/featured-projects/napa-1/ Project SOUND 116. Steps in designing a S. California GardenHedgerow Draw a scale map of the area Do site assessment: light, etc. Decide on a plant palette: N. Calif. Coast Water Zone 2 to 2-3 Western L.A. Co. Zone 2 Sonoran Desert Water Zone 1-2 to 2 Choose a Backbone Shrub species; determine number of plants needed Choose complementary Filler Shrubs Complete design with smaller shrubs, sub-shrubs, perennials, grasses & groundcovers Project SOUND 117. Go out, observe and get planning! Project SOUND