Ice + Halite

Ice+Brine

Brine

0 23.0 40 60 80 100

H O Weight % NaCl NaCl

20

0

-21.1

2

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Brine + Halite

Di

Liquid

L + An

Di + L

Diopside + Anorthite

AnWeight Percent

T°C

1553

1274

1391

-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 20 40 62.4 80 100

Weight Percent Sucrose C12H22O11H2O

Tem

pera

ture

°C Sugar Syrup

185

-13.9

Syrup+

Sucrose

Ice + Sucrose

-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 20 40 62.4 80 100Weight Percent Sucrose C12H22O11H2O

Tem

pera

ture

°C Sugar Syrup

185

-13.9

Syrup+

Sucrose

-170

-150

-130

-110

-90

-70

-50

-30

-10

10

0 20 40 60 80 10092.4

Weight % Alcohol

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Liquid

Ice + Ethanol (solid)

H2O CH3CH2OH

-123-114

Ice + Liquid

100 80 60 40 20 0

0

20

40

60

80

100

Weight % Water

Moist Air

Water + Moist Air

Ice + Moist Air

Tem

pera

ture

°C

AirWater

5 4 3 2 1 0-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Weight % Water

Moist Air

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Air

Water + Moist Air

Ice + Moist Air

5 4 3 2 1 0-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Weight % Water

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Air

Water + Moist Air

Ice + Moist Air

50% H

umidity

100 80 60 40 20 0

15001520

1938

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

Vap

or Mag

ma

Weight % Water

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Water

1 GPa

Forsterite

Vapor + Forsterite

Vapor + Magma

400

500

600610

700

Tem

pera

ture

°C770

355

0 20 40 59.5 80 100

Mole PercentKCl LiCl

Sangster and Pelton (1987)

Vortisch (1914)

Zhemchuzhnui and Rambach (1910)

Treis (1914)

0 20 40 60 80 100400

500

600

700

800

Tem

pera

ture

°C

770

714

467

426

K2MgCl4KMgCl3

(31.5) (36.5)

Mole Percent

431 485

55.5

428

KCl MgCl2

Liquid

Data from Grjotheim and others (1972)

Ice + Hydrohalite

Brine + Halite

Hydrohalite+

Halite

Brine+

Hydrohalite

Ice+Brine

Brine

0 23.0 40 61.9 80 100

H O Weight % NaCl NaCl

20

0

-21.1

0.1

2

Tem

pera

ture

°C

NaCl.2H2O

-21.21

0 0.1

20

23.2026.30

28.40

40

40

60

80

80

100108.7

120

Weight Percent NaCl

Tem

per

atu

re (°

C)

H2O NaCl

Brine + Halite

Ice + HH

Brine

Brine + HHHH + Halite

Steam + Halite

Hydrohalite - NaCl.2H2O

NaC

l. 2H

2O

-10.8

0

20

40

60

80

100108.6

Weight Percent KCl

Tem

per

atu

re (°

C)

19.87 40

36.8

60 80H2O KCl

Brine + Sylvite

Ice + Sylvite

Brine

Steam + Sylvite

-50

-33.6

-16.4 -16.8-3.40

50

100

181.5

116.7

192

150

Weight Percent MgCl2

Tem

per

atu

re (°

C)

21.0

46.2 5631.6

34.4 60 80H2O MgCl2

MgC

l 2. 2

H2O

MgC

l 2. 4

H2O

+ M

gCl 2

. 2H

2O

MgC

l 2. 6

H2O

+ M

gCl 2

. 4H

2O

Brin

e +

MgC

l 2. 6

H2O

MgC

l 2. 4

H2O

MgC

l 2. 6

H2O

MgC

l 2. 8

H2O

MgC

l 2. 1

2H2O

Steam + Brine

Steam + MgCl2.2H2O

Ice + MgCl2.12H2O

Ice + Brine

MgCl2.2H2O+

MgCl2Brine

-49.8

0

50

100

150

200

Weight Percent CaCl2

Tem

per

atu

re (°

C)

20 30.2

30.1

45.1

178175

40

50.0 56.6 75

80H2O CaCl2

CaCl

2. 2H

2O

CaCl

2. 4H

2O

CaCl

2. 6H

2O

CaCl

2. H2O

Ice + Brine

Brine+

CaCl2.6H2O

Brine

Steam + Brine

Steam + CaCl2.H2O

Ice + CaCl2.6H2O

CaCl

2. H2O

+ C

aCl 2

CaCl

2. 2H

2O +

CaC

l 2. H

2O

Brin

e +

CaCl

2. 2H

2O

Sinjarite - CaCl2.2H2O

Antarcticite - CaCl2.6H2O

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

0 20 40 60 80 100Weight % Alcohol

Tem

pera

ture

°C

96

78.3

Vapor

Liquid

H2O CH3CH2OH

Liquid+

Vapor

0 20 40 60 80 100

Weight % AnorthiteNaAlSi3O8Albite

CaAl2Si2O8Anorthite

900

800

700

1000

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Liquid

Plagioclase

1553

1118

0 20 40 60 80 100

Weight % AnorthiteNaAlSi3O8Albite

CaAl2Si2O8Anorthite

900

800

700

1000

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Plagioclase+ H2O

Liquid+ H2O

H2O Saturated(0.5 GPa)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Mole % NaCl

Liquid (Molten Salt)

Alkali Halide Solid Solution

Two Alkali Halides

NaClKCl

600

650

700

750

800 801

657

Tem

pera

ture

°C

771

0 20 40 50.6 60 80 100

Mole PercentKCl NaCl

Liquid

Salt (K,Na)Cl

Sangster andPelton (1987)