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HH22S Pollution in Petroleum S Pollution in Petroleum IndustryIndustry
Hadi tavasoliHadi tavasoli Mohammadreza sanaviMohammadreza sanavi
The Petroleum IndustryThe Petroleum Industry
1)Exploration and production1)Exploration and production 2)Transportation2)Transportation 3)Refining3)Refining 4)Marketing4)Marketing
fig1fig1
Exploration and ProductionExploration and Production
1)Exploration and well-site 1)Exploration and well-site preparationpreparation
2)Drilling2)Drilling 3)Crude oil and gas processing3)Crude oil and gas processing 4)Enhanced recovery4)Enhanced recovery
fig4fig4
Natural GasNatural Gas
Primarily of methanePrimarily of methane
1)ethane1)ethane Small quantities of 2)propaneSmall quantities of 2)propane
3)butan3)butan
Impurities:nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide,Impurities:nitrogen,helium,carbon dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide,mercaptans,watherhydrogen sulfide,mercaptans,wather
Condensible hydrocarbons are Condensible hydrocarbons are recoverd from the gas using:recoverd from the gas using:
AbsorptionAbsorption Refrigeration or gas expantionRefrigeration or gas expantion
Air Emissions Air Emissions CharacterizationCharacterization
757757
Vent Collection systemVent Collection system
The control efficiency of the The control efficiency of the collection system depends on the collection system depends on the capture efficiency and how the capture efficiency and how the collected gas is used or destroyed collected gas is used or destroyed
RefiningRefining
766766
Treating processesTreating processes
These processes are used to stabilize These processes are used to stabilize and upgrade petroleum products by and upgrade petroleum products by separating them from less desirable separating them from less desirable products and by removing impurities.products and by removing impurities.
Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment
Containing HContaining H22S,ammonia,and oil is S,ammonia,and oil is termed sour watertermed sour water
Depends on diversity of refineryDepends on diversity of refinery
SULFUR RECOVERYSULFUR RECOVERY
Very-high purity elemental sulfur is Very-high purity elemental sulfur is recovered as a by-product of the recovered as a by-product of the processing of crud oil and natural gas.processing of crud oil and natural gas.
Crude oil contain 0.1% to 5.0% sulfurCrude oil contain 0.1% to 5.0% sulfur Natural gas contain 15% to 20% HNatural gas contain 15% to 20% H22S S
or other sulfur compounds.or other sulfur compounds.
Process DescriptionProcess Description
1)Gas scrubbing1)Gas scrubbing 2)Sulfur recovery2)Sulfur recovery 3)Incineration3)Incineration
420420
421421
422422
Converting Hydrogen sulfide Converting Hydrogen sulfide by the claus processby the claus process
22HH22S S ++SOSO2 =32 =3S S + 2+ 2HH22OO
Making Hydrogen from Making Hydrogen from Hydrogen SulfideHydrogen Sulfide
Processing Natural GasProcessing Natural Gas
A Natural Gas Processing A Natural Gas Processing PlantPlant
Absorption TowersAbsorption Towers
Gas Processing Plant with Gas Processing Plant with Absorption TowersAbsorption Towers
Pipes and Absorption Pipes and Absorption TowersTowers
Gas Sweetening PlantGas Sweetening Plant