Technical Seminar on Dual Clutch Transmission

RAJARAJESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGVISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYJNANA SANGAMA, BELGAUM-590014, KARNATAKA, INDIA.

TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON:GYROCOPTERSUnder the Guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING#14, Ramohalli, Kumbalagodu, Mysore Road, Bengaluru - 560074.2013-14RAKESH S (1RR10ME030)ANAND AASSISTANT PROFESSORBY

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CONTENTS

IntroductionHistoryComponents of GyrocopterAerodynamics of Gyrocopter.Models of Gyrocopters.Application.Advantages and Disadvantages

An autogyro also known as gyroplane,gyrocopter, orrotarplane, is a type ofrotorcraftwhich uses an unpowered rotor inautorotationto developlift, and an engine-powered propeller, similar to that of afixed-wing aircraft, to providethrust.An autogyro is characterized by a free-spinning rotor that turns because of passage of air through the rotor from below.The rushing air spins the rotor as the air craft is lift forward by an engine driven propeller.Modern gyroplanes use a pusher propeller and are light and maneuverable.

INRODUCTION

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Spanish inventor Juan de Ia Cierva built the first "Autogiro" in 1923

The first controlled flight occurred on January 17, 1923. Cierva was influenced by the Wright Brothers' plane design but wanted to create a plane that flew better at low speeds.

The autogyro that successfully flew in 1923 was Cierva's fourth design. His first three autogyro designs failed because of a rigid rotor which caused the aircraft to tilt and provided an unbalanced lift

Autogyro kites were secret weapons used by Germany in WWII

1953 saw the rebirth of interest in the gyroplane with the invention of Dr. Igor Bensen's patented "Gyrocopter."

HISTORY

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COMPONENTS OF GYROPLANES

AIRFRAME The airframe provides the structure to which all other components are attached. Airframes may be welded tube, sheet metal, composite, or simply tubes bolted together.

POWERPLANT The power plant provides the thrust necessary for forward flight, and is independent of the rotor system while in flight. While on the ground, the engine may be used as a source of power to rerotate the rotor system

ROTOR SYSTEM The rotor system provides lift and control for the gyro plane. The fully articulated and semi-rigid rotor systems are the most common.

TAILSURFACES The tail surfaces provide stability and control in the pitch and yaw axes. These tail surfaces are similar to an air- plane and may be comprised of a fin and rudder, stabilizer and elevator.

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LANDING GEAR The landing gear provides the mobility while on the ground and may be either conventional or tricycle. Conventional gear consists of two main wheels, and one under the tail.

WINGS Wings may or may not comprise a component of the gyroplane. When used, they provide increased performance, increased storage capacity, and increased stability

AERODYNAMICS OF GYROCOPTER

AUTOROTATIONA gyroplane rotor system operates in autorotation.This means the rotor spins freely as a result of air flowing up through the blades, rather than using engine power to turn the blades and draw air from above.Forces are created during autorotation that keep the rotor blades turning, as well as creating lift to keep the air- craft aloft. Aerodynamically, the rotor system of a gyroplane in normal flight operates like a helicopter rotor during an engine-out forward auto rotative descent.

VERTICAL AUTOROTATION

During a vertical autorotation, two basic components contribute to the relative wind striking the rotor blades. One component, the upward flow of air through the rotor system, remains relatively constant for a given flight condition. The other component is the rotational airflow, which is the wind velocity across the blades as they spin. This component varies significantly based upon how far from the rotor hub it is measured.

GYROCOPTERS Thrust is produced by an engine-driven propeller.The unpowered, freely turning rotor is tilted back as the gyro plane moves forward .Oncoming airflow through the rotor causes it to spin, producing lift. This is called autorotation.Always operates in autorotation, thus:Cannot stall like fixed wing aircraft.Flies safely at low altitudes and low speeds.No need for heavy main rotor transmission nor a tail rotor.HELICOPTERS The powered rotor produced both lift and thrust, and is tilted forward.Can hover, but powered rotor requires:Adequate forward speed and/or altitude to maintain flight in case of power failure.A heavy main transmission.

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GYROPLANE MODLES

Dominator Model Ultra light Model There are dozens of gyroplane kit manufacturers and models. Here are just a few of the most popular in the US.

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Butterfly ModelSparrow Hawk Model

PAL-V Design Flying Gyrocopter Tricycle

The PAL-V ONE is a two seat hybrid car and gyroplane: a personal air and land vehicle. The PAL-V usually flies below 4,000 feet (1,200 m), the airspace available for uncontrolled Visual Flight Rules (VFR) traffic; so there will be no interference from commercial air traffic. It runs on gasoline. It can reach speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph) both on land and in the air. The PAL-V ONE has a very short take off and landing capability, making it possible to land practically anywhereConverting the PAL-V ONE from airplane to automobile is a very easy process which takes about 10 minutes.

APPICATION OF GYROCOPTERS

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages (compared to a conventional airplane)In turbulent air it still flies smoothly with excellent stability due to its high rotor speed.Because a gyroplane can fly so slow that it needs very little space to land. Wide speed range, with a low minimum speed (from 50 km/h up to 180 km/h).For the price of one helicopter you can have 20 gyrocopters.Pilot training is very easy as it is more safe to land than a helicopter.

Disadvantages (compared to a conventional airplane):A gyroplane has higher drag, so maximum speed and range are lower.Unlike a helicopter , a gyroplane cannot hover and take off or land vertically.No winching capability, since it is a small machine, its lifting capabilities is not more than 2 persons.When it hovers it loses altitude.

CONCLUSION Flying an open air gyroplane is like riding a high performance motorcycle that can fly Gyrocopters can be transported and stored on a small trailer so you can easily take it to an airfield of your choice. Save the high cost of hanger fees and aircraft tie down fees by keeping your gyrocopter on the trailer at your home or business. The cost to keep and maintain one of our gyrocopters is only slightly more than that of a large motorcycle. It is an unbelievably fun machine to fly and can operate in more windy conditions.

REFERENCEShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrocopterhttp://www.pal-v.com/http://www.hoverhawk.com/gyro.htmlhttp://www.ca.com.au/%7gyroaust?gyro.htmlhttp://www.jefflewis.net/autogyros.htmlBOOKS REFERED: ROTORCRAFT FLYING HAND BOOK POPULAR ROTOCRAFT ASSOCIATION GUIDE

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