Guía de Concienciación Equipos de Protección Individual para el taller (EPI) (Ingles)

7/27/2019 Gua de Concienciacin Equipos de Proteccin Individual para el taller (EPI) (Ingles)

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3M Automotive AftermarketManagement Guide to Bodyshop PPE

To Bodyshop PPEGuideManagement


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WelcomeThe 3M Guide to Bodyshop PPE contains straight forward advice to help

employers and employees understand where, when and how to use PPE inthe bodyshop.

It also contains useful background information on legislation, sample HSE

inspector checklists, PPE selection guidelines, and a few other pieces of

information we thought might come in handy.

Section 1:

Legislation:

The Fundamentals

5 Employer Duties

5 Employee Duties

6 Enorcement

Section 2:

Compliance

8 Risk Assessment

9 PPE selection

11 Bodyshop selection guide

14 Fit Testing

15 PPE training

15 Usage

15 Maintenance (includingBreathable Air Quality

Testing)

Section 3:

Bodyshop Applications

in Detail

18 Paint Spraying

19 Health eects

19 PPE selection

20 Clearance time

20 Biological Monitoring

This document is produced by 3M for guidance only. As with any guide it cannot cove r every eventuality and must not, therefore, be seen as an

authoritative interpretation of the law. If you have any questions or concerns about personal protective equipment or hea lth and safety matters, it is

essential that you seek appropriate expert advice. This guide is believed to be accurate as at October 2007 but does not take account of any changes

in legislation, regulations or guidance issued after that date.

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Section 1Legislation: The Fundamentals

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Employer DutiesThe Health and Saety at Work etc Act 1974, also reerred

to as HASAW or HSW, is the primary piece o legislation

covering occupational health and saety in the United

Kingdom. The Health and Saety Executive (HSE) is

responsible or enorcing the Act and a number o other

Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the working

environment.

The HASAW places a general duty on employers so ar as

is reasonably practicable, to ensure the health, saety and

welare at work o their employees and others who maybe

aected by their work activities.

Examples of Regulations that the HSEenforce in your type of industry are:The Management of Health and Safety at Work

Regulations 1999 require employers to assess the risks

to employees and other who may be aected by their

undertaking.

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

Regulations 20 02 (as amended). Employers are required to

prevent or control exposure to hazardous substances at work.

The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 requires

employers to take action to prevent or reduce risks to health

and saety rom exposure to noise at work.

Summary of Employers Duties:

1. Conduct Risk Assessment

2. Where appropriate, provide PPE which issuitable for purpose

3. Provide training on correct usage and maintenance4. Supervise correct usage

Employee DutiesUnder the HASAW the employees (and sel-employed) are

required to take reasonable care o their own saety and that

o other people who may be aected by their actions. They

are also required to co-operate with their employer to enable

legal obligations to be met. For example employees must:

FollowtrainingoncorrectPPEusage

Adheretocompanyprocedures

Obeyinstructions

ReportanylossordefectwithPPE

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Section 2Compliance

EnforcementThe HSE are responsible or ensuring that Motor Vehicle

RepairpremisescomplywithHealthandSafetyLaw.In

addition to carrying out routine inspection visits the HSE

also responds to accident and illness reports and whistle-

blowers. Notices are issued to bodyshops and individuals

or breaches o health and saety law.

1. Improvement notice: The recipients are required to

make improvements over a given time period.

2. Prohibition notice: The prohibition notice normally

requires the recipient to stop the activity immediately.

The work must not be resumed until action has been

taken to remove or control the risk. Failure to do this

mayleadtoprosecution.Oncethenoticehasbeen

complied with and the inspector is satised then the

notice will be withdrawn.

3. Prosecution: Non-compliance may lead to prosecution

(Inspectors ollow HSEs enorcement policy to decide

on the most appropriate action to take)

There have been increasing numbers o improvement

notices issued to bodyshops or poor health surveillance

andfailuretoprovidesuitablePPE.

These notices cannot be ignored as ailure to make

improvements can lead to prosecution.

NoticesExamples o Notices issued in 2007 include:

Sprayingisocyanatesbasedpaintswithoutsuitableand

sucient control measures (unltered extraction, spraying

outside the booth)

Failuretouseadequateandsuitablerespiratoryprotective

equipment whilst spraying isocyanate based paints

(supplied air breathing apparatus)

Failuretocarryoutadequatehealthsurveillance(lung

unction tests)

A bodyshop was ned 15,000 or ailure

to comply with a prohibition notice on

spraying isocyanates in an uncontrolled

environment. An additional cost o1,203

was awarded to the HSE.

6 7

I am going to fine you 15,000, I hopeyou can repair the damage!


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Selection Guidance:WhenselectingPPEconsiderthefollowing:

Select quality products which are CE marked in accordance

with the PPE regulations (2002)

EmployersarerequiredtoselectPPEthathasbeen

approved to certain standards, demonstrating that the

product has undergone testing and meets the basic saety

requirements or the user.

Select products which provide adequate protection

DifferentclassesofPPEaregenerallyavailableto

matchdifferentseveritiesofhazards.Respirators

havedifferentprotectionfactors,forexampleFFP1

How much of the hazards are the workers exposed to?

Howlongaretheyexposedfor?

Howhighistheconcentration?

2. How can they harm the wearer?

There are several routes o entry which hazards can take

intothebody.ItislikelythatmorethanoneitemofPPEwill

be required when there are dierent hazards present.

disposable respirators have a lower protection actor

thanFFP3products.Therefore,FFP1respirators

are generally selected when the dust hazard is o low

toxicityand/orlowconcentrationandFFP3respirators

are used in more hazardous atmospheres where a higher

level o reduction in exposure is required. Ensure that

the level o protection selected is appropriate to the task.

Select products which are suitable for the job

Formostapplicationsthereareanumberofdifferent

typesofPPEwhicharesuitable.Questionwhetherthe

product selected is suitable given the conditions it will be

used in. In other words will the product deorm, melt or

ail?

Select products which are suitable for the wearer

OnetypeofPPEmaynotbesuitableforeveryone.For

examples workers with acial hair and injuries or wearers

ofprescriptionglassesmayrequiredifferentPPE.

Itisimportanttogetthewearertotrialtheproductrst

tomakesurethatittsandiscomfortable.(Referto

section on Fit Testing)

Ensurethatthewearercanperformtheirjobproperlyin

thePPEselectede.g.cantheycommunicateeffectively

and do they have the dexterity and mobility required.

Select products which are compatible with other PPE

EnsurethatifmorethanoneitemofPPEiswornthat

they can be used together without compromising on

protection levels or increasing discomort

Forexample:Respiratorswornbywelderstoprotect

themselves rom welding umes will need to t

comortably underneath their shield.

Ensure that there are procedures in place to carry out the

maintenance of PPE

Forexample:Maintenancerecordcards,availabilityof

replacement and spare parts

Ensure that adequate provision is made for the cleaning and

storage of reusable PPE after use

Forexamplestoragelockersforsuppliedairrespirators.

AllPPEshouldbestoredinacleanuncontaminated

area.

Excessive noise may

lead to tinnitus, hearing

impairment or other

conditions

Welding/metal

umes can

cause lung

damage and

metal ume

ever

Solvents can enter the

bloodstream through

the skin and cause

organ damage

Particulates can

penetrate into the

lungs and cause

tissue damage

Gases and vapours once

inhaled can be absorbed

into the bloodstream

and cause irreparable

damage to liver, kidney

and central nervous

system

Particulates can irritate

the nose and throat

Inhaling Isocyanates

can cause occupational

athsma

Keep your hands clean

to avoid ingesting

harmul substance,

eg oil.

Impact o fying particles

can damage the eyes

Particulates = dusts, bres and mists

Application

DrySandingandGrinding

Welding

Inhalationofdusts(andother

fineparticles)

Eyedamagefromfl

ying

particles

Noise

Inhalationofweldin

gfumes

andozonegas

EyedamagefromU

V/IRlight

ParticulateRespirator

Impactresistantgoggles

(machineuse)

Spectacles

(handsandingonly)

HearingProtectiveEquipment

ParticulateRespiratorwith

carbonlayer

Weldingshield

FoldableFFP2Disposable

Respirator(06923)

SpeedglasS

LWelding

Shield

BandedEarPlugs(1310)

ReusableEarPlugs(1261)

Cup-shapedFFP2

DisposableRespirator

(0692

2)

DisposableEarPlugs(1100)

HighC

omfortEarMuffs

(1440

)

PremiumLineGoggles

(2790

)Polycarbonatelens

Weldin

gFumeRespirator

(06920)

Acetatelensgoggles

ClassicLinespectacles

(2720

)orComfortLine

specta

cles(2740)

Nuisancedustmask

Nuisancedustmask

Hazard

AdvisoryPPE

SuggestedProd

ucts

UnsuitablePPE

Bodyshop Selection Guide

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Application

Adhesives,

Coatingsand

Sealers

PolishingandCompounding

*

Thisguideisonlyanoutline.

Itisdesignedtohelpfocus

onthemostappropriateproductsinthe3M

rangeforvariousapplicationsandhazards.

Itshouldnotbeusedastheonlymeans

ofselectingaproduct.Detailsofperformanceandlimitationsaresetoutintheproductpackaginganduserinstructions.

Itisultimatelytheresponsibilityoftheemployertoselectthe

mostappropriatePPEbasedonafullriskassessment.

**

Nuisancelevel=belowWorkplaceExposureLimit

Inhalationofmists(low

concentration)and

nuisance

level**vapour

Inhalationofvapoursand

mists(higherconce

ntrations)

Eyeirritationfromv

apours

andchemicalsplas

h

Inhalationofdust

(Wherevapour/odouris

presentrefertosolutions

foradhesives,

coatingsand

sealersabove)


withnuisancelevelvapour

protection

Particulate,

GasandVapour

Respirator

Chemicalresistantgoggles


Mainte

nanceFree

Respirator

(06941FFA1P2D)or

(06942FFA2P3D)

Hazard

AdvisoryPPE

SuggestedProd

ucts

UnsuitablePPE

Disposableparticulate

respirator(06923)

PremiumLineGoggles

(2790

A)Acetatelens

DisposableSpeciality

Respirator(9914Valved)

DisposableSpeciality

Respir

ator(06998

Unvalv

ed)

FoldableFFP2Disposable

Respirator(06923)

Cup-shapedFFP2

DisposableRespirator

(0692

2)

Application

PaintSpraying

Degreasing

Mixingpaint(wherethereis

insufficientventilation

Inhalationofisocya

nates

foundin2-packpaints

Inhalationofsolven

tvapours

Inhalationofsolven

tvapours

Eyeirritationfromv

apours

andchemicalsplas

h

SuppliedAirBreathing

Apparatus

GasandVapourRespirator

GasandVapourRespirator

Chemicalresistantgoggles

Mainte

nanceFree

Respirator

(06941FFA1P2D)or

(06942FFA2P3D)

Mainte

nanceFree

Respirator

(06941FFA1P2D)or

(06942FFA2P3D)

Hazard

AdvisoryPPE

SuggestedProd

ucts

UnsuitablePPE

SuppliedAirVisorSystem

(3MV

isionAir)

7500SeriesHalfFace

Maskwith06971Supplied

AirSystem(mustbeused

witheyeprotection,

e.g.

gogglesasshown)

6000SeriesFullFaceMask

with06971SuppliedAir

System

PremiumLineGoggles

(2790

A)

Particulaterespirator

(e.g

6922)

Maskwithfilters(e.g

6000SeriesFullFace

withcartridgefilters)

Gasandvapour

respirator(e.g.

6941)

PremiumLineGoggles

(2790

A)Acetatelens

Bodyshop Selection GuideBodyshop Selection Guide

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3. PPE TrainingSuitablePPEmayhavebeenselectedbuttoensurethatthe

desired level o protection is provided it is important that the

wearer uses the product as intended.

Awareness

ToencourageoperativestowearPPEitisimportantthat

they ully understand the reasons why they are required to

wear protection. Wearers should be provided inormation on

the ollowing:

Whatthehazardsare

Whattheassociatedrisksarewitheachapplication

Whatthehealtheffectsare

Using PPE CorrectlyInorm wearers o how to

Inspectproductsbeforeusetoensurethattheywill

provide protection.

FitPPEcorrectlyandrefertothemanufacturerstting

instructions

MaintainPPEandkeeprecordsofusage.

Store,cleananddisposeofPPE

Complywiththeirlegalresponsibilities.

Rememberthatregulationdoesntjustgovernwhat

employers do it also eects the actions o employees

improving health and saety in the workplace is a joint

responsibility.

MaintenanceMaintenanceisrequiredtoensurethatPPEcontinuesto

provide the level o protection or which it was designed.

COSHHrequiresthatequipmentisinspected,tested

and maintained in accordance with the manuacturers

instructions or use and HSE guidance.

Maintenance procedures Typical requirements

Pre-shiftcheck Visual inspection

Post-shif t check Cleanandinspect

Store

Monthly check Maintenance records must

be kept

Typical Inspection o Respirators

Checkthefacepieceforcracks,tearsanddirt.Becertain

that the ace piece, especially the ace seal area is not

distorted.

Examinethevalvesforsignsofdirt,distortion,cracking

or tearing.

Ensurethatanyheadstrapsareintactandundamaged

Examineallplasticpartsforsignsofcrackingorfatigue

Makesureallgasketsareproperlyseated

Forsuppliedairequipmenttheinputpressureand

condition o supply tube a couplings should be check.

Visors should be checked or damage and changed i

necessary.

Cleaning

Cleananddisinfectthefacepieceaftereachuseorat

theendofeachshift.Cleanwitheitheradampclothora

ace seal wipe.

Fit Testing

What is t testing?

Fit testing checks that a respirator provides an adequate seal

to the wearers ace.

Why is it necessary?

Fit testing is an important step in the process o deciding

whether a respirator with a tight tting acepiece is suitable

forpurpose.FittestingisrequiredbytheApprovedCode

ofPracticeoftheCOSHHregulationsandisindustrywide

requirement.

What products need to be t tested?

Fit testing needs to be carried out on all wearers o

respirators with tight tting acepieces where testing has

not been carried out beore.

Examples o respirators or which t testing are required:

When is t testing required?

Oninitialselectionofrespiratoryprotection

Itshouldberepeatedatappropriatetimesforexample

i the wearers ace shape changes due to weight loss or

gain, or acial surgery

How is t testing carried out?

There are two types o t testing generally used

Qualitativetestusingatastetestmethod

Quantitativetestusingaparticlecountingdevice

Qualitative

What is this type o testing suitable or?

Disposablerespirators

Halffacemasks

Not suitable or

Fullfacemasks

3M Fit Test Kits

3MoffertwottestkitsFT10(Sweet)andFT30(Bitter).

Each kit contains a hood and collar assembly, two

nebulisers, sensitivity solution, test solution and detailed user

instructions.AtrainingCDisalsoincludedwhichfeatures

a step-by-step video demonstration o how to use the kit.

The test relies on the wearers response to the taste o a testagent. The quality o the seal to the ace is assessed while

the wearer perorms a series o head movements, talking

and breathing exercises.

All o the respirators listed as requiring t testing must only

be used by clean shaven wearers

.

These kits are generally purchased and used by employers

wishingtocarryoutttestingin-house.

Quantitative

What is this type o testing suitable or?

Alltypesofrespirators

incorporating a tight tting

acepiece including ull ace masks

Quantitativettestingusingaparticlecountingdeviceis

generally undertaken by a consultant visiting the workplace.

TheTSIPortacountdeviceisusedtoassessthequalityof

the respirators seal to the ace while the wearer perorms a

series o head movements, talking and breathing exercises.

ThePortacountreportsanumericalresultcalledatfactor.

The HSE speciy the minimum t actor required depending

on the type o respirator used.

6941

3MMaintenance Free

Reusable Respirator

6922

3M Disposable Respirator

6923

3M Disposable Respirator

7500

3M 7500 Reusable Hal Mask

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Breathable Air Quality Testing

Why is testing necessary?

Legislation:

COSHHrequiresthatairsuppliedtoabreathingapparatus

should be tested at least every three months to ensure that it

meets the standard or air purity as laid out in EN 12021.

Health Conseqiences:

Air delivered through a compressor system to outlets in the

booth can be aected by a number o contaminants:

Oil

Water

Carbonmonoxide

Carbondioxide

Othercontaminantsspecictothebodyshop

How is Air Quality Testing Carried Out?

3MofferaBreathableAirQualityServicewhichprovides:

Abriengwhererequired,onthetestprocedure

Testingofthebreathableairforoxygenlevelsand

contaminants e.g. water, oil, carbon monoxide and carbon

dioxide

Flowteststoensurethattheairissuppliedatthe required

pressure and fow rates

Adviceonsuggestedactionsintheresultofafailure

Writtensetoftestresults

Automaticnoticationforre-testasperyourrequirement.

For urther inormation about this service please contact

ourSafetyServiceCo-ordinatoron01612376278.

Maintenance and Servicing

Changeparticleltersassoonasincreasedbreathing

resistance occurs, that is when it becomes harder to inhale

and exhale.

Ifitemsneedtobereplacedonlyusethesparepartsas

recommended by the manuacturer.

Thevolumeowandqualityofair(refertosectionon

breathable air quality testing) should be tested at least

every 3 months (supplied-air only).

Record Keeping

TocomplywithCoSHHregulationsmaintenancerecords

should include details o:

Detailsofemployerresponsibleforprovisionofequipment(e.g.Bodyshopmanager)

Detailsofpersoncarryingouttheinspection

Equipmentdetailsincludingmanufacturerandproduct

numbers

Conditionoftheequipmentanddetailsofanydefects

Storage

Storeequipmentsomewherewhichisclean,safeanddry

and away rom sources o contamination. For example in

a storage container such as a locker or sealed bag.

Filters have a limited shel lie. It is important to note the

expiry dates.

Section 3Bodyshop Applications

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Health Effects

Isocyanates (commonly ound in two-pack paints) are the

most common cause o occupational asthma. HSE statistics

showthatvehiclepaintsprayersareapproximately80times

more likely o contracting occupational asthma than the

average or the UK working population.

Occupational Athsma

ResearchconductedbytheBritishOccupationalHealth

ResearchFoundation(BOHRF)foundthatapproximately

onethirdofpatientsareunemployedupto6yearsafter

diagnosis. There is good evidence that early detection and

removal rom exposure improves prognosis (re 1).

Symptoms Include:

Recurringsorenessorwateringofeyes

Recurringblockedorrunningnose

Boutsofcoughing

Chesttightness,wheezingorbreathlessness

Anyotherpersistenthistoryofchestproblems

Symptomsimproveatweekendsorduringholidays

Individuals diagnosed with occupational asthma may have

no choice but to leave employment which may lead to a

substantial loss o income.

PPE SelectionA supplied air ull ace mask or visor is the preerred choice

o protection or paint spraying as it provides complete

acial protection. However where direct vision is considered

essential a supplied air hal mask with suitable goggles

may also be used. Note however that i a hal mask is used

biological monitoring must be undertaken to ensure that the

system is providing adequate levels o protection.

What is not suitable protection?Any type o ltering device (see right). Isocyanate Myths

Many paint sprayers believe that a signifcant or even the

main route o isocyanate paint spray is through the skin,

with the thin skin around the eyes being a particular

concern. These views are conusing and wrong.

The overwhelming route o entry or isocyanate mist in

bodyshops is through inhalation o fne airborne paint mist.

Getting mixed paint onto the hands can cause dermatitis

but this is a dierent issue

SourceHSEReducingIllHealthintheMotorVehicleRepairIndustrySeep21

PPE typically used whenpaint spraying:

Items unsuitable orpaint spraying:

Full ace mask(6000 series)+Supplied airsystem

Any fltering device such as:

Acetate lensgoggles+Hal Face mask(7500 series)+Supplied

air system

Supplied Air VisorSystem (3M

VisionAir)

All systems require approvedCompressed Air Supply Tube(CAST) and couplings.

Gas andVapourRespirator

FFP2ParticulateRespirator

Dont lit thevisor to inspectthe paint job

oror

Paint SprayingThis is a copy o the checklist used by HSE sta on visiting

premises spraying isocyanate-based paints. Ensure that you are

prepared or an unexpected visit:

Questions you need to ask Yes No AdditionalComments

Are the sprayers aware that they use isocyanate based paints?(Note alternative terms such as 2-pack, 2K, aliphatic,

polyisocyanate, blocked isocyanate, polyurethane, etc)

Do they know that isocyanates can cause severe occupational

asthma and what the warning signs and symptoms are?

Is spraying isocyanate-based paints limited to an extracted

room or spray booth?

Has the booth or room extraction system been thoroughly

examined and tested in the last 14 months? (Check paperwork)

Does the booth/room have a pressure gauge to show it is

under negative pressure?

Is the paint mist ltered and discharged saely outside?

Are lters blocked or missing?

Is the clearance time o the booth or room known and

on display?

Is airline breathing apparatus (BA) always used whenever

spraying Isocyanate-based paints?

Is the BA maintained adequately?

(Inspect the equipment)

Is gun cleaning carried out using extracted or enclosed

gun-washing equipment in open workshop (or in booth/ventilated

mixing room with normal controls and BA)

Are the sprayers having annual health checks or breathing?

Has a responsible person been appointed to carry

out skin checks?

Is the isocyanate exposure o the sprayers measured annually

using urine tests?

18 19

3M oers a range o supplied

air breathing apparatus,

including the traditional style

visor as well as ull-ace and

hal-ace masks.

Reer to page 20

or guidance on

measuring clearance

times

Isocyanates do not cause

cancer... they cause

occupational asthma.


12/13

Information Sources

3M

www.3m.com/uk/ohes

www.3mbodyshop.co.uk

Health and Saety Executive (HSE)

HealthandSafetyintheMotorVehicleRepairIndustry www.HSE.gov.uk/mvr

Health and Saety Laboratory (HSL)

www.hsl.gov.uk

COSHH

Steps to control health risk rom chemicals

www.coshh-essentials.org.uk

Re 1

Article rom www.occupationalasthma.com

NewmanTaylorAJ,NicholsonPJ(2004)Guidelinesforthe

prevention, identication and management o occupational

asthma:Evidencereviewandrecommendations.British

OccupationalHealthResearchFoundation,London.

Clearance Time

Why is clearance time important?

It is important that sprayers appreciate that ne paint mist

remains in the booth or some time ater the painter has

nished spraying. This mist may not be visible to the eye

however it contains high concentrations o isocyanate. The

sprayer must not lie his visor until the booth has had time to

clear; hence its important to measure clearance time.

Measuring booth clearance time:

A party og or smoke machine can be used to measure the

time it takes or the booth to clear. This should be tested

regularly and included as part o the booth maintenance

checks.

AsummaryoftheguidancepublishedbytheHSL

1. Test in an empty booth and ensure that the extraction

system is turned o

2. Fill the room with smoke, making sure to distribute

smoke evenly throughout the room

3. Switch on the ventilation system and start a timer

4. Checkforanyleakingairaroundtheboothexterior

5. Note the time at which the room is judged to be clear o

smoke

6 . Displaytimeonanoticeonthedoororentranceofthe

booth and inorm all employees

Note:AppropriateRPEshouldbewornduringtheclearance

time measurement to provide protection rom the smoke.

Biological Monitoring

Are the control measures providing adequate protection?

Biologicalmonitoringinvolvesmeasuringforisocyanate

breakdown products in a sample o workers urine. This

will indicate i they have been exposed to isocyanate. I they

have, the controls (e.g. spray booth, respiratory protective

equipment) are not working properly, or are not being used

correctly.

What specialist help do I need?

LaboratoriessuchastheHealthandSafetyLaboratory

(HSL)offeracommercial,condentialservicetomeasure

isocyanate breakdown products in urine. Typically

laboratories charge an amount per sample, including a kit

or collection the sample, packing and instructions.

I visibility is an issue and the

sprayer insists on inspecting his

paintwork ater spraying then

a supplied air hal mask can be

used.

20 21


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Please recycle.Printed in the United Kingdom 3M 2007. All rights reserved.70-0000-0000-0

Automotive

Atermarket Division3M United Kingdom PLC3M House28 Great Jackson StreetManchester M15 4PAPhone: 0161 236 8500Fax: 0161 237 6260www.3mbodyshop.co.uk

Documents

Guía de Concienciación Equipos de Protección Individual para el taller (EPI) (Ingles)