Economic situation and

skills development in the

photonics industry in the

Free State of Thuringia

Grow th report Photonics 2015

Key results at a glance 4

Overview Of cOmpanies 6

Business situatiOn and sales develOpment 8

new cOmpanies 10

prOduct and technOlOgy hOtspOts 11

custOmer structure and applicatiOn areas 12

research and develOpment 14

marKets and expOrt 16

the netwOrK and its memBers 217

emplOyment develOpment 18

need fOr persOnnel By 2017 21

specialists: availaBilit y, recruitment, pay level 22

methOds, sOurces, definitiOns

imprint

Once again, the photonics industry in the Free State of Thuringia presents itself in steady state and geared for growth in 2015. All 175 companies and nine research institutions are looking to the future with optimism, and very many of them have experienced successful years of business with growing sales and workforce expansion. With a continuing above-average rate of export and high inputs in research and development, they cut a high pro-file in the international competition in the industry.

The development at the start-ups front is particularly encouraging. After several years of stagnation, a group of young entrepreneurs has established itself; they work suc-cessfully in fields such as fiber technology, laser, coating, image processing and measuring technology, cooperate closely with local partners in industry and research and also address international markets from the outset.

As expected, the changes in the solar industry and the accompanying decline in sales and staffing levels have had a negative impact on the overall picture of the industry. Fortunately, this development had only marginal effects on the core companies in the photonics sector.

Looking ahead, entrepreneurs identify the following challenges for the coming years:

TECHNOLOGIES › High technology requires constant improvement. The companies will make further invest-ments in their specific fields of know-how and work even closer with local research institutions. Research funding by the European Union, the German government and the Thuringian government can give key projects a fresh impe-tus and expedite progress.

MARKETS › Constant monitoring of the international markets and of competitors is a primary aim. Remark-ably many of those interviewed believe that this is an important task for the future and increasingly set up sales channels abroad. Cooperation with international research partners is also becoming more important.

PERSONNEL › Entrepreneurs not only believe that recruit-ing highly qualified personnel and the selective promo-tion of young professionals are in the focus of their work. Whereas the situation in the market for qualified person-nel remains fairly comfortable, working conditions in the company such as health protection and salary develop-ment, are receiving a great deal of attention.

This year, totally 175 companies and nine research institutes were analyzed, 134 actors were willing to give detailed inter-views. Well-tried since 2001, we again co-oper-ated with the Institute for Sociology of Jena Friedrich Schiller University.

We would like to thank all interview partners for the trust they put in us. We look forward to many more years of good cooperation.

Dr. Klaus SchindlerCEO OptoNet e.V.

Photonics 2015 innovative › international › growth-oriented ›

Ladies and Gentlemen,

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Light engineeringPhotovoltaics

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Micro and fiber opticsMetrology�SensorsOptics�Mechanics

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Key statistics for the photonics industry in Thuringia

Number of companies 175

Sales (rounded) € 2.85bn

Investment in research & development, % of sales 10 %

Export share of sales 66 %

Total workforce (industry and research) 15.200

Workforce in industry 13.900

Employees in research institutions (university and extra-university) 1.300

Average company size 80 employees

Trainees 630

Trainee percentage 4,6 %

Companies with trainees 75

HR forecast for 2020 +3 % p.a.

The photonics industry in Thuringia

› Companies & research institutions and product & technology hotspots

Key results at a glance

otherOptical materials

Light engineeringPhotovoltaics

OptoelectronicsLaser�Radiation sources

Micro and fiber opticsMetrology�SensorsOptics�Mechanics

Start-upOptoNet members

µ-GP

S Op

tics

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bH

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oxa

Ligh

ting

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bH

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rons

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175 companies belong to the photonics sector

In 2015, totally 175 companies, which is 7 more than in 2013, belong to the photonics sector in Thu-ringia. They include traditional optical companies, firms focusing on image processing, measuring and sensor technology, laser technology and laser material processing, suppliers and manufactur-ers of optoelectronic products and systems, producers of lighting equipment and companies in the field of medical equipment and life sciences whose products are based on photonic solutions. Most newcomers are start-ups.

15,200 jobs in the industry and in research

At present, about 13,900 men and women work in the photonics industry. An additional 1,300 people are employed in nine university and extra-university research institutions. Compared with the previ-ous interview, this was a marginal reduction of 150 people, which is exclusively due to the destaffing process in the solar industry.

Sales rise to €2.85 billion

Annual sales in the photonics industry have gone up slightly to €2.85 billion since the last inter-view session in 2013. Whereas many small and medium-size companies registered a dramatic sales increase, the lower final result is due in the first instance to the sales slump of the former strong sellers in the solar equipment sector.

66 % exports are substantially above average

The export share of 66 % of sales is more than double the average export rate of Thuringia’s manu-facturing industry, which is 30.6 %. This underlines the strong international orientation of the sector and its global compatibility.

10 % of sales go into research and development

The products of more than 80 % of all companies are among the international market leaders. They invest about 10 % of their earnings into the further improvement of their technologies.

Encouraging sale and employment forecasts

The sales expectations of the companies for the next few years are optimistic. Over 60 % of all firms expect a strong or moderate increase in sales. Staffing levels will also grow: more than 2 of 3 compa-nies intend to recruit new employees in the next two years.

Very high marks for the work of OptoNet e.V.

The member companies of OptoNet e.V. are very satisfied with the work done by their cluster organiza-tion and give ‹very good› or ‹good› marks for the services provided by the association. The frequency at which the services were used has gone up distinctly since the last poll.

6

Overview Of cOmpanies

Jena is the center of Thuringia’s photonics industry. With 99 companies and a multitude of university and extra-university research institutions, more than half of all actors in the industry are domiciled here. A workforce of about 8,000 generated sales of 1.6bn Euro. As a result, Jena has further strength-ened its position as the hub of the photonics indus-try. Other important centers, in addition to Jena, are Erfurt, Ilmenau and the Ilm district as well as the rural district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen. Such a high concentration of actors within a geographi-cally rather small area is a major locational advan-tage for Thuringia’s photonics industry and at the same time the basis of a particularly fruitful culture of cooperation.

1

Company size by number of employees

99 companies in and around Jena generate sales to the tune of 1.6 billion Euro and are the core of Thuringia’s photonics sector.

9 %Large companies

(≥ 250 employees)

44 %Small companies

(10…49 employees)

23 %Micro-companies

(≤ 10 employees)

24 %Medium-sized companies

(50…249 employees)

Most companies are small or medium-sized. Only 15 companies have a workforce of more than 250; they generate more than half the sales in the sec-tor. The two heavyweights are ZEISS in Jena and JENOPTIK AG with totally about 3,600 employees in Thuringia.

Most companies are much smaller in size: 34 % of all employees work in companies employing between 50-249, 13 % in even smaller companies of up to 49 employees. Only about 180 employees, i.e., 1.3 %, is absorbed by very small companies, among them ten start-up companies.

Typical of the photonics industry is the small to medium size of the companies with 80 employees, on average.

56,7 % Jena &

Saale-Holzland

District

11,5 %Erfurt &

Ilm District

4,9 %Rural Districts of

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt

& Sonneberg

13,3 %

Suhl &

Schmalkalden-Meiningen

Rural District

2,3 %Gera & Greiz

Rural District

1,6 % Weimar &

Weimarer Land

Rural District

1,0 %Other regions in Thuringia

5,9 %Saale-Orla

District

2,8 %Eisenach &

Wartburg

District

2

Regional distribution of the companies in Thuringia

by number of employees

8

Business situatiOn and sales develOpment

3

Development of the business situation since 2002

very good

good

satisfactory

5

Business situation in 201519 % very good

55 % good

22 % satisfactory

4 % poor

The business climate is very good. Companies manufacturing or supplying measuring equipment and sensors, more than others, are optimistic for the future.

When asked about their financial situation, about three of four of those interviewed say their present situation is ‹very good› or ‹good›. About 20 % say the situation of their business is ‹satisfactory›, merely 4 % have major problems. The order backlog in the companies is good; this is largely due to the increas-ing demand for production and medical equipment. Fluctuations of the rates of exchange, i.e., the weak euro currency, are also reasons why more orders are received from customers in Asia and the U.S.A.

Compared with the results two years ago, the situ-ation has stabilized on a high level.

negative development in the semiconductor industry – — Economic crisis — — Semiconductor weakness & crisis in the photovoltaics sector

Q1 Q2

Q1

Q3

Q4

Q1

2002 20052003 2004 2008 20112009 2012 20142007 2010 20132006

Q1

Q1

Many companies managed to sell more during the last two years; they achieved rates of growth up to 10 %. Thus, with about 15 %, Thuringia continues to be a major contributor to the all-German sales in the industry.

Despite the severe slump in photovoltaic sales, total sales of the industry in Thuringia went up to 2.85bn Euro. This slump was limited to the photo-voltaics sector and had almost no repercussions on the other companies in the industry. Even if in some cases, such as the take-over of Bosch Solar by SolarWorld, closure was prevented, it should not be expected that the growth or the employment levels the industry once saw will ever come back again.

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50%

5

Sales forecast

for the current fiscal year

2015

35 %strong rise

20 %slight rise

23 %remained constant

11 %slight decline

11 %strong decline

4

Sales development

in the years 2013 & 2014

According to the sales forecasts of the companies interviewed, further increases can be expected for this business year; some companies even expect a substantial rise.

Almost one of four (24 %) companies expect a ‹strong increase› in sales, 40 % hope that sales will go up at least slightly. The others expect that their earnings will be the same as during the prior year and only 2 % fear that sales may ‹drop dramatically›.

Thus, the atmospheric picture in the industry is somewhat better than it was in 2013 and con-firms the stability and viability of the corporate landscape.

Most companies generate more sales but the weakness of photovoltaics weighs heavily on the overall growth.

The forecasts for the current financial year are optimistic in view of the present economic upswing and speak for a healthy and strong industry.

24 %strongly increasing

40 %slightly increasing

32 %constant

2 %slightly declining

2 %strongly declining

10

new cOmpanies

For the first time, the companies interviewed in-cluded a sizable number of start-ups with promising technologies.A number of start-up companies are spin-offs of the Institute for Applied Physics of Jena Friedrich-Schiller -University (IAP), the Ilmenau Technical University and the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF). They enter the market with entirely different business and financing models. They can take advantage of the very good infrastructure, e.g., in the Jena Technol-ogy and Innovations Park, the direct neighborhood of research partners and the availability of special funding programs.

Distinctly more start-up firms were formed in the last five years – the next generation of entrepreneurs is beginning to emerge.

6

Start-up companies

in Thuringia’s photonics industry

CompanyEnShape GmbH

JENETRIC GmbH siOPTICA GmbH

Gitterwerk GmbHILMOTRONICS UG

optiX fab GmbH5microns GmbH IlmenauClass 5 Photonics GmbH

Active Fiber Systems GmbHLICHT DESIGN energy GmbH

heracle GmbH

Technologies

Micro and fiber optics

Light engineering

Radiation sources

LaserOptoelectronics

Mechanics

OpticsSensors

Metrology

Products3-D survey in real timeCustomized high-performance cameras, biometric scannersSwitchable privacy filters, back-projection technologyInnovative diffraction gratingDevelopment of electronic assembliesEUV imaging, illumination and collector opticsMicrosystems, micro-manufacturingHigh-performance femtosecond laserUltra short pulse and short pulse fiber laser systemsEnergy efficient lighting by LEDSpecial glass fibers

11

prOduct and technOlOgy hOtspOts

7

Companies, workforce and sales

by main products

Compared with other European clusters, the photonics industry in Thuringia has a broad technological base. All growth areas of light technologies are represented; products and services address all leading markets such as production, health, communication, lighting, and energy.

Essentially eight technological hubs can be iden-tified. The companies were assigned by their main segments.

All areas, except photovoltaics, recorded distinct rises in sales. A particular mention should be made of annual sales increases of 10 % in micro and fiber optics, 4.5 % in optoelectronics, 4 % in metrology, and 3.5 % in optics/mechanics.

Optics · mechanics (e.g., Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH, Hellma Optik GmbH,

POG Präzisionsoptik GmbH …)

Metrology · sensors

(e.g., GÖPEL electronic GmbH, Alere Technologies GmbH,

Allied Vision Technologies GmbH …)

Micro and fiber optics

(e.g., Grintech GmbH, j-fiber GmbH,

piezosystem jena GmbH, Optikron GmbH …)

Laser · radiation sources (e.g., JENOPTIK Laser GmbH, LASOS GmbH,

Class 5 Photonics GmbH …)

Optoelectronics

(e.g., MAZeT GmbH, ADVA Optical Networking SE,

AIM Micro Systems GmbH …)

Photovoltaics (e.g., ORAFOL Fresnel Optics GmbH, SolarWorld Industries

Thüringen GmbH …)

Light engineering (e.g., Docter Optics SE, Automotive Lighting GmbH, 2K Moxa

Lighting GmbH …)

Optical materials (e.g., Hellma Materials GmbH, Photonic Sense GmbH,

Schott AG, Vitron GmbH …)

Unternehmen

ist grafisch

angepasst

Umsatz_Beschäftigte

Optik

Mess

Mikro

Laser

Optoelektro

Photovoltaik

Licht

opt. Mat.

Beschäftigte Umsatz

44 25%

56 32%

12 7%

21 12%

15 9%

6 3%

12 7%

9 5%

3,900 28%

3,130 23%

660 5%

1,430 10%

1,500 11%

1,120 8%

1,520 11%

600 4%

630 22%

498 18%

268 10%

320 11%

398 14%

200 7%

451 16%

69 2%

Company Workforce Sales in € million

Thuringian photonics is broadly based. The greatest rises are recorded in micro and fiber optics, optoelectronics and metrology.

12

custOmer structure and applicatiOn areas

Photonics is a cross-sectional technology whose products and technologies address many other high-technology areas. Therefore, the most important customers are industrial companies from different fields (86 %).

More than 40 % of all companies work for research institutions. Public and private service providers with their focus on health also play an important role.

8

Customer structure in the photonics industry

(multiple answers are possible)

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100%

86 %Industry

42 %Science

24 %Public & private service providers

11 %End users

8 %Other

Industry and research institutions are demanding clients of companies in the photonics industry.

The photonics companies and research institu-tions work to solve issues concerning the future of society. Over 60 % of all photonic products go into production technology, e.g., sensors monitoring complex processes in production or for laser mate-rials processing. In life sciences and in medicine, ophthalmological devices and products for point-of-care diagnostics are of particular importance.

9

Product application areas

(multiple answers are possible)

Photonic technologies are indispensable as ‹problem solvers› in virtually any growth area.

63 %Production equipment

54 %Life sciences & medicine

33 %Safety/security

29 %Mobility

26 %Information & communication

26 %Energy & environment

8 %Other

0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100%

14

research and develOpment

Continuous research and development are vital to photonics in Thuringia. On a scale from ‹1› (very little importance) to ‹5› (very important), nearly 70 % of those interviewed chose the highest cat-egory. This is again distinctly more than the result of the 2013 poll.

10

Significance of R&D to companies

0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 %

67 %very high

16 %rather high

8 %average

2 %rather low

7 %very low

11

Assessment of the company position in the market segment

We maintain the technology leadership

with our main products.

36 %

55 % We are in the top class

together with others.6 % We have excellent

products, but others are

one step ahead of us.

3 %We see our position in the mid-segment.

Almost 10 % of all sales in the photonics industry are reinvested in R&D to ensure the competitiveness of the companies.

Research and development projects absorb about 10 % of the sales generated by the industry. The number of persons involved in the innovation pro-cess is above average. The research intensity is on the same high level in companies of any size and is by no means an exclusive feature of the large firms.

Asked to define their competitive position, 36 % of the companies said they were technology leaders with their products. Another 55 % are top league players.

Research and development projects are costly: In addition to highly qualified personnel, plant and equipment are needed in order to remain competi-tive. Public funding can help expedite research projects and make inherent risks calculable. 27 % of the companies interviewed –significantly less than during the 2013 interview – believed that public funds were essential for the development of their firms. For the great majority, such funds are supportive measures.

12

The significance of public funding

to the corporate development

27 %essentially

necessary

24 %less important

49 %a supportive measure

13

The most important funding instruments

11 %Other

10 %HR funding

14 %Investment funding

29 %Collaborative

project funding

36 %Technology funding for

individual companies

Public funding makes the decision to invest in research and development easier for many companies and thus encourages innovation.

This shows that the companies in the optical industry have turned the point and are no longer absorbing public funds to survive. Hardly any entrepreneur believes that the existence of his company would be threatened if, hypothetically, public funding was stopped. No doubt, how-ever, big research projects continue to depend strongly on the availability of the required funds and would probably have to be curtailed substantially.

16

Europe’s economic sanctions against Russia and the related restrictions on the export of dual-use goods hurt manufacturers of measuring equipment hard. However, most companies successfully made up the shortfall.

For the future, these companies expect to win more customers in China and Southeast Asia.

As in the years before, the companies also underline the importance of the regional mar-ket. This is not only based on traditional supplier relationships but also the use of the technological competence of business partners, e.g., for product refinement is part of routine business. Short dis-tances and personal contact are important factors for success in cooperation.

marKets and expOrt

Foreign sales accounted for 66 % of total sales, on average, in 2014. Some companies reported exports as high as 80 %. With this high export rate, the photonics industry is clearly outstanding among the other manufacturing sectors in Thurin-gia whose average export rate was merely 30.6 % in 2014.

Important customers are based in the United States and Canada, West Europe, China and South-east Asia. Most of the companies interviewed focus their export relationships on these regions and have built stable business relations with custom-ers there.

14

Present and future significance

of sales markets

The Thuringian companies are successful on a global scale and profit from the excellent local cluster structures.

regionaler Markt

Regional market

Deutschland gesamt

Germany

WesteuropaWest Europe

Nordamerika

North America

OsteuropaEast Europe

China

China

Südostasien

Southeast Asia

Japan

Japan

Sonstige

Other

No change

Lower

Higher

������

50%100%

High Low

None

17

the netwOrK and its memBers

The photonics network OptoNet e.V. represents the interests of about 100 members in industry, research, education and finance and works for further progress in the industry. In line with the diversity of the membership structure, the OptoNet e.V. and its subsidiary limited-liability company offer members a varied range of services. Asked about the quality of these services, all members awarded the network very good or good marks. Also, members used the services more often than before. All interviewed members would recommend the network to others, of these 86 % ‹in any case› and 14 % ‹possibly›.

The members appreciate the work done by the OptoNet office as the representation of the industry’s interests.

The range of services available from the OptoNet CoOPTICS GmbH – preferably project promotion, technology management and funding consultancy – is known well to the members, who make intensive use of it.

The service used most often is assistance in the acquisition of public funds.

General network events 87 %(e.g., cluster meetings, member breakfast)

Provision of information 84 % (e.g., information on events,

e-mails by the office about general service offers)

Internet & public relations activities 80 % (e.g., relations with the press, brochures)

Technology workshops 74 % (e.g., ultra precision manufacturing, optical software)

Cooperation contacts 57 %

Development initiatives for juniors 49 %

(e.g., MASTER+, Reach out for the Stars campaign)

International relations 49 % (e.g., integration in delegation journeys,

technology inquiries)

Attendance at national fairs and exhibitions 40 %( joint booths at OPTATEC and LASER)

Attendance at international fairs and exhibitions 41 %

( joint booths at Photonics West, Photonics Moscow,

Laser Mumbai)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 15

Services offered by OptoNet

with point score (1-5) and rate at which used

by members (multiple answers are possible)

18

17 % high increase

34 % slight increase

36 % remained constant

8 % slight decline

5 % strong decline

emplOyment develOpment

As a result of the good business situation during the last two years, many companies have recruited new personnel. More than every other company has recruited new staff; another 36 % maintained their previous staffing level. Most of the totally 850 new employees went to the technological hubs optoelec-tronics, measuring equipment and sensors as well as optics and precision engineering. During the same period, about 1,000 employees in the solar sec-tor lost their jobs. As a result, the HR growth in the industry as a whole fell short of expectations.

17

Employment by qualification groups

7 %unskilled workers

50 %skilled workers

38 %university /

college graduates

5 %trainees

16

HR development since 2013

Almost all technology areas have increased their personnel; photovoltaics has a negative bearing on the generally successful result.

Highly qualified workers, engineers and physicists are the backbone of the success of Thuringia’s photonics industry.

The high-tech companies in the photonics industry employ personnel with high qualification. At the time of the interview, 38 % of all employees were univer-sity or college graduates, half the number of employ-ees hold a skilled worker’s certificate. About 10 % of the skilled workers have passed a master or techni-cian examination.

As regards the age structures of the company per sonnel, the trend of the last few years has stabilized.

The process of rejuvenation is continuing due to the employment of university and college grad-uates whereas the mid-age brackets up to 50 years remain stable.

The share of employees over 50 years of age (30 %) remains high, so the number of employees reaching retirement age will be high in the next ten years and beyond.

up to 20 21…25 26…30 31…35 36…40 41…45 46…50 51…55 56…60 61 and older years

13 % 19 % 26 % 25 % 41 % 25 % 20 % 31 %

0

5 %

10 %

15 %

20 %

1 % 1 %2 %

5 % 5 %

8 %7 %

8 %

13 %

15 %

12 % 12 %

14 %15 %

10 % 10 %

19 %

22 %

10 %11 %

18

Age structure in companies and research institutions

Comparison between 2001 and 2014

The age structures of the workforce are fairly balanced. The strongest group is that over 50 years.

For the second time, the companies were asked for the proportion of women among employees generally and among the managerial personnel, in particular.

Most female employees work in medium-size companies as precision opticians, physical labora-tory assistants, office clerks, in HR or Controlling.

As before, few management posts are filled by women (13.2 %). Male physicists and engineers wield control in these areas. Only five of 175 com-panies have a woman as managing director.

Thus, the trend observed in universities that female students are underrepresented in optics-related courses continues in the industry. 19

Share of women in companies

by company size

Workforce Executive staff

(e.g., R&D department, manufacturing manager, …)

50%

21,9 % 11,3 % Micro-companies

23,9 % 14,9 %Small companies

22,0 % 9,0 % Large companies

36,2 % 14,0 %Medium-sized companies

Ø 26,6 % Workforce

Ø 13,2 % Executive staff

The proportion of female staff members is consistently low. The number of women in executive positions is even lower.

21

need fOr persOnnel By 2017

20

Short-term employment forecast until end-2017

For 2015 and the next two years, most companies (62 %) say that they will recruit new employees. 12 % say they will win substantially more recruits, 50 % plan moderate increases, and 36 % of the companies interviewed believe their workforce will remain more or less on the present level.

As the years before, the largest increase in em -ployment is expected in small and medium-size companies. Some 900 vacancies will be filled here by 2017.

Data collected shows that about 450 trained professionals a year will be needed until the end of 2017. Looking at the qualification structure, the highest need will be for skilled workers and engineers.

21

Employment forecast until 2020

by company size

2 %fewer

employees

36 %constant number

of employees

12 %distinctly more

employees

50 %more employees

It is expected that the number of employees will go up further. Over 1,350 jobs will be created by the end of 2017.

In addition to the forecast expansion, the jobs fall-ing vacant because the holders reach retirement age must also be filled again. According to the present age structure, this will be about 600 jobs by end-2017.

Taking the need for filling vacancies whose holders reach retirement age and the expected new jobs together, the total number of new employees is about 1,950 by the end of 2017:

New jobs 1,350Replacements + 600Total by end-2017 1,950

100 % 200 %

200< 10 employees

2016 43 2020 344

1,75010…49 employees

2016 185 2020 563

5,00050…249 employees

2016 120 2020 1,440

6,950> 250 employees

2016 118 2020 348

Present number of employees

2014 totally: 13,900Increase by 2016 / 2020

Totally: 14,366 / 16,595

22

22

Skills available in the labor market 2015

Engineers, physicists & other graduates

Masters, foremen & technicians

Skilled workers

Commercial administrative staff

very good rather good very badrather bad

100%

12% 43% 35%

32% 54% 10%

8% 42% 43%

12% 49% 34% 5%

7%

10%

4

specialists AvAilAbility recruitment

pAy level

The situation in the market for specialist personnel is fairly relaxed. At present, it is difficult to find trainees.

The expected numbers of employees speak for a healthy and growth-oriented industry. Asked about the present situation in the market for special-ist employees, most companies are very satisfied (12 %) or satisfied (49 %) with the number of engi-neers or physicists looking for jobs. One third of the companies believe that the situation is rather bad. It was more difficult to recruit masters, fore-men or technicians. 43 % of the companies see bottlenecks there.

24

Vacant graduate jobs to be filled until 2017

23

Vacant skilled worker jobs to be filled until 2017

A reliable forecast of the situation in filling posts with academic graduates is fairly difficult. Drop-outs and the mobility of graduates are difficult to guess.

The only point to go by is the number of stu-dents at the three large Thuringian universities — Jena Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena Ernst Abbe University of Applied Science and Ilmenau Technical University.

The aggregate student population there is about 1,950 at present enrolled in relevant courses, e.g., physics, laser and optical technologies or mechanical engineering. The drop in the number of enrolments for the winter term 2014 is alarm-ing – only 33 students took up studies in physics at the FSU Jena, only 18 school graduates decided for laser and opto-technologies at the EAH Jena.

Assuming a dropout rate of about 20 %, some 380 graduates can be expected for the next few years, of which some 50 % may remain in the region and start a professional career here.

Thus, the recruitment of professional and spe-cialist personnel remains a main challenge for the entire photonics industry. Success and growth will also depend on how well the companies manage to hold new academic talent in the region. In this context, competitive pay levels play a decisive role.

Retirement replacement

300

630New skilled employees

345Unfilled vacancies

Required expansion

by new jobs

675

Retirement replacement

230

570Available graduates

in relevant disciplines

170Unfilled

vacancies

Required expansion

by new jobs

510

Over the last years, student enrolment in all technical courses became alarmingly low.

Increasingly more Thuringian companies are facing problems of staffing their trainee posts.

At the moment, 630 trainees in 44 companies train for a qualification, for example, in precision optician, mechatronics or physical laboratory assis-tant. This means a slight recovery of the rate of trainees to 4.6 %.

Almost 30 posts could not be filled for a lack of qualified applicants. No problems with finding trainees had about 50 % of the companies offering traineeships. As the number of school leavers will remain stagnant in the next few years, it will be necessary to attach more attention to the system-atic winning of prospects.

On the basis of the HR forecasts for the next few years, the situation in the skilled workers segment is as follows:

A little less than half of all companies are bound by union standards or offer pay according to industry level agreement.

For the first time, employers were asked about the remuneration models they practice. 15 % pay their employees according to the standard industry-level agreement, (e.g., the metal workers union). 9 % negotiated an in-house wage agreement. In many companies (46 %) salaries and wages are negotiated individually.

In their salary negotiations particularly with uni-versity /college graduates, the companies must face the competition of other clusters, where the need for qualified personnel is also high. Asked about the salary expected by applicants, it was found that both sides, i.e., applicant and potential employer, were hardly ever far apart.

25

Salary / wage structure

2 %other,

e.g., depending on qualification group

5 %no collective bargaining agreement

but bargaining agreement with the works council

46 %no collective bargaining agreement

but individual contracts

15 %acc. to regular industry level agreement,

e.g. metal workers union

23 %no collective bargaining agreement

but guided by industry level agreement

9 %acc. to in-house wage agreement

15% nach regulärem Flächentarifvertrag (z.B. IG Metall2% Sonstiges

Wages and salaries, employers say, are about 15 % lower than the German industry pay level.

In relation to the average German level of pay in the industry, most employers say they are slightly below the 100 % mark.

Short of one of four companies say they pay the full German industry rate (23 %) or even more (6 %). The highest salaries in Thuringia are paid in Jena.

This is roughly the same as the information gained on salaries paid to German engineers. In a recent salary atlas for engineers prepared for Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Jena, with 55,000 Euro, was the only eastern German city ranked; that pay puts Jena at about 84 % of the German average (65,712 Euro).

27

How often does it happen that an applicant expects

to be paid a salary or wage that you cannot meet?

26

Estimated pay level in relation to

the average German pay in the industry

35 %actually never

25 %in exceptional cases

13 %very frequently

27 %occasionally

13% sehr häu�g

27% ab und zu

25% nur in Ausnahmefällen

35% eigentlich nie

Lohnforderungen von Bewerbern

German average

Pay level

150 %

50 %

0 % 10 %10 % 30 %20 %20 %30 %

Share of employees

Skilled workers Graduates

Methods, sources, definitions

The facts and figures reported here were obtained in a survey conducted for OptoNet e.V. Totally 134 detailed telephone interviews with managing direc-tors, HR and other managers of companies and research institutions were analyzed. The interviews not only included the OptoNet members but all actors in the Thuringian photonics industry. In addition, the results were analyzed in the context of industry-wide acquisition of data by OptoNet every other year since 2001.

Interview period February – March 2015

Companies & research institutions approached 184

Successful polls 134

Interviews By phone

Average duration of an interview 30 Minuten

Interviews conducted by CATI Labor of FSU Jena Management: Thomas Ritter

Other sources

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Gehaltsatlas - Das verdienen Ingenieure. 11.4.2015.

Photonik – Branchenreport 2013. Eine gemeinschaftliche Studie der Verbände SPECTARIS, VDMA, ZVEI und des BMBF. 2013.

Fachkräftebedarf in Wachstumsfeldern Thüringens. Thüringer Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Technologie. 2013.

We thank the Jena Friedrich-Schiller-University, the Ernst Abbe University of Applied Science and the Ilmenau Technical University for the data on student enrolment.

Photonics & optical technologies

By replacing the term ‹Optical technologies› by ‹Photonics› we follow an inter-national term that denotes all technologies related to light. As used today, photonics includes the technologies of generation, amplification, modulation, transmission, measurement and use of light. The term ‹photonics› also high-lights new trends in the improvement of optical technologies, the application of processes from other technology fields such as semiconductors or of compe-tencies from mechanical engineering, medicine or biotechnology.

Roundings

Roundings may be the reason for marginal deviations in figures presented in this report.

ges

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The publication of results is permitted provided the source is identified.

Office > OptoNet e.V. Photoniknetzwerk Thüringen Leutragraben 1 07743 Jena

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Project management Dr. Klaus Schindler

Editor & project support Nora Kirsten, M.A.

Professional management & consultant Dipl. Soz. Christoph Thieme

Institut für Arbeits-, Industrie- und Wirtschaftssoziologie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Carl-Zeiss-Str. 2 07745 Jena

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