Group One: The Cardiovascular System

John WilliamsonKatherine BellMatt Farina

Focus Questions: How does air get into the lungs?

What is the role of the diaphragm?

What is the path of air into the lungs?

Mouth/Nose

Pharynx

Epiglottis

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchial Tree

Alveoli

Nasal and Oral Cavities Nasal Cavity: Prepares and

conditions outside air for lungs Oral Cavity: Used for respiration

when higher intake of oxygen is needed

Pharynx The throat Connects the Mouth and Nose to

the Larynx Also connects to the esophagus

Epiglottis Tissue flap that covers the

entrance to the Larynx Closes of Larynx when swallowing

to protect the lungs

Larynx Entrance to the Trachea Contains the vocal chords which

determine sound production and pitch– The Glottis is the opening between

the vocal chords

Trachea Downward airway towards the

lungs, single path Branches into the two bronchi

which enter the left and right lungs

Brachial Tree Multiple airways that continue to

narrow and divide throughout each lung

Branch out to provide greater surface area• Bronchi• Bronchiole• Alveolar Duct

Alveoli Form alveolar sacs at the end of

each “branch” An Air sac that fills with air to bring

oxygen to the capillaries that surround the sac.

Diaphragm - Contracts and pulls down to inflate

lungs during inhalation- Relaxes to exhale- As diaphragm ascends,

thoracic pressure increases,helping blood circulation

Diaphragm Composed of two

parts: a central aponeurotic part and a peripheral muscle part

Muscle divided into Sternal, Costal, and Lumbar parts

Muscular composition allows diaphragm to ascend and descend

Vocabulary Ordering Function Application

10015. Slide 15 10016. Slide 16 10017. Slide 17 10018. Slide 18

20019. Slide 19 20020. Slide 20 20021. Slide 21 20022. Slide 22

30023. Slide 23 30024. Slide 24 30025. Slide 25 30026. Slide 26

40027. Slide 27 40028. Slide 28 40029. Slide 29 40030. Slide 30

50031. Slide 31 50032. Slide 32 50033. Slide 33 50034. Slide 34

What is the Chamber in which air is moistened, warmed and filtered. The Nasal Cavity

What is the Third Structure Air enters when air is being transferred into the lungs? The Epiglottis

What is the function of the Pharynx? The Pharynx is an airway that

connects the nasal cavity and oral cavity with the larynx. It also connects with the esophagus.

Describe and situation in which a persons inhalation rate would increase and why this is necessary. When someone is engaging in

physical activity, more oxygen is needed for their cells because they are more active and working harder. Breathing at a heavier rate increases oxygen intake.

The tissue like flap at the entrance to the larynx. The Epiglottis

Order these components of the Respiratory System: Bronchial Tree, Larynx, Epiglottis, Alveoli 1. Epiglottis 2.Larynx 3.Bronchial Tree 4.Alveoli

Why are the Alveolar Sacs covered in pulmonary capillaries? Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen need

to diffuse between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries in order to reach other parts of the body

(Carbon Dioxide LEAVE the body)

If food enters the larynx what element of the respiratory system failed to do its “job”. The Epiglottis

What is the central passageway leading towards the lungs? The Trachea

What is the correct order of: The Larynx, Pharynx, and Epiglottis. Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx

What is the function of the Bronchial Tree? To increase the surface for gas

exchange. (ex. Absorbing oxygen).

Based on your knowledge which animal would have more efficient lungs a sloth of a leopard? A leopard.

What is the diaphragm? The Diaphragm is the muscle sheet

between the chest and abdominal cavity that is responsible for inhaling and exhaling.

Which comes first the nasal or oral cavity? Neither

What is the function of the Larynx? The Larynx allows for sound

production (vocal cords) and well as an enterence to the trachea.

What is the position of the diaphragm when someone is holding their breath?

The diaphragm is in a contracted position.

Which components of the Respiratory system are shared with the digestive system?

The Oral Cavity The Pharynx

Describe the entire pathway in which air enters the Lungs. (7 total parts) Mouth/NosePharynxEpiglottisLarynxTracheaBronchial TreeAlveoli

What is the bronchus (plural bronchi) covered in? Describe its function. The lining of the bronchi

is covered in cilia and mucus-secreting cells. (Thus giving it increased surface area). The cilia also sweeps debris covered mucus towards the mouth where it is expelled or swallowed.

Explain How the Heimlich Maneuver works. When done correctly, the Heimlich

Maneuver lifts the diaphragm. This causes a quick decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and a quick increase in the alveolar pressure. Air is then forced up the trachea because of the increased pressure and the pressure may be enough to dislodge the obstruction.

Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0

References

http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/OnLineBiology/OLBB/www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/human-blockhead-nasal-diagram.gif (Pictures used) Cecie , Ralph, and Taggart Starr. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of

Life. 9th edition. Pacific Grove CA: Brooks/Cole Thompson Learning, 2001. Print.

http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/diaphragm-picture.htm http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/muscular/diaphragm.gif http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/diaphram.htm http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/

Humanbody/RespiratorySystem/WindpipeBronchialTree/41b.gif