Group 31.Đỗ Ngọc Quỳnh Chi2.Hồ Thị Phương Nam3.Phạm Ngọc Thảo

An assimilation “assimilates one segment to another by ‘copying’ or ‘spreading’ a feature of a sequential phoneme on to its neighboring segment, thus making the two phones more similar… There is a tendency when we speak to increase the ease of articulation, that is, to make it easier to move the articulators.” [Fromkin & Rodman, 1993: 224]

Ex. The /n/ in one will become /ŋ/ before cup: one cup /wʌn kʌp/ /wʌŋ kʌp/

• varies according to speaking rate and style• found in rapid, casual speech• affects consonants most often

--------------Cf Ci--------------

progressive

regressive

(Ex: get them /t/ /ð/ get ðəm [get təm]

(Ex: that side /t/ /s/ ðæt saɪd [ðæs saɪd]

--------------Cf Ci--------------

coalescence

Ex. want you /'wɒnt ju:/ /'wɒntʃju:/ or / 'wɒntʃə//t/ - alveolar plosive sound/j/ - palatal sound They are palatalized to become palato-alveolar affricative sound /tʃ/

- Nasalize pure vowels before nasal stops.Ex. singer [‘sɪŋə], simmer [‘sɪmə]

- Devoiced nasal stops, liquids and glides after initial voiceless consonantsEx. Snow [snəʊ], twin [thwɪn]

- Nasal C before Plosive C/Fricative C the place of articulation of nasal C have is determined by the place of articulation of the following C.Ex. bump [bʌmp], bank [bæŋk]

(bilabial) (velar)

-Apply homorganic constraintsEx. before velars [ɪŋ] (incomplete,inglorious)

-Assimilation of voice: ‘-s’ suffixEx. Cats /kæts/, dogs /dɒgz/

Past tense/past participle of regular verbs “-ed”Ex. checked /tʃekt/, listened /‘lɪsnd/

* /t/ /p/ sweet potato [swi:p pə’teItəʊ]

* /n/ /m/can’t believe [kəm bə’li:v]

* /t/ /s/that side [ðæs saɪd]

* /d/ /ð/read these [ri:ddi:z]

* Voiced Voiceless

* /d/ /t/good toys [gut tɔɪz]

* Alveolar plosive + Palatal C = Palato-alveolar affricate / fricative

* need your /ni:d jɔ:(r)/ [ni:dʒɔ:(r)]

Implications for teaching Assimilation

- Assimilation is a natural phenomenon, not very useful from the point of view of learning and teaching English

* Exception:- Assimilation in voicing in which Cf becomes

voiced should be avoided- Palatalization should be taught explicitly to

Students

Mini-teaching (Palatalization)

Palatalization

/d/ /dʒ/ /t/ /tʃ//s/ /ʃ//z/ /ʒ//ts/ /tʃ//dz/ /dʒ/

Did you tell him what you saw?

1. Palatalization: /d/ + /j/ /dʒ/ (Did you)2. Schwa /ə/: /dʒə/3. Deletion + schwa: /hɪm/ /əm/4. Palatalization: /t/ + /j/ /tʃ/ (what you)5. Schwa /ə/: /tʃə/

[dɪdʒə tel əm watʃə sɔ:]

Task 1

Aim: help students to acquire and remember the rules of palatalizationInstruction: Students have to find the way through a maze following the rule

miss you Would you Kiss you Beat you And you Loved you

Nice yacht

Need you

Won’t you

That year

Kicked you

Resist you

What’s your name

Bad year

Second year

Pursued your dream

About you

Phoned your parents

Shoot you

Not yet

Says yes

Hate you

Heard you

Want you

This year

Close your book

Watched your play

Hold you

Look at you

Nice yellow hat

Combed your hair

Need your love

At your age

Meet your friend

This university

Miss universe

/d/ /dʒ/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /t/ /tʃ//ts/ /tʃ/ /s/ /ʃ//z/ /ʒ/

+ /j/

turn left

turn right

go straight ahead

miss youWould

you Kiss you Beat you And you Loved you

Nice yacht

Need you

Won’t you

That year

Kicked you

Resist you

What’s your name

Bad year

Second year

Pursued your dream

About you

Phoned your parents

Shoot you

Not yet

Says yes

Hate you

Heard you

Want you

This year

Close your book

Watched your play

Hold you

Look at you

Nice yellow hat

Combed your hair

Need your love

At your age

Meet your friend

This university

Miss universe

Find your twins (production)Structure focus:1.What did you

do?2.When did you

do it?3.Where did

you do it?