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The Fight against Cost and Complexity
Aerospace Technology Congress 2016 Stockholm
2016-10-12
GRIPEN E AVIONICSARCHITECTURE
Pär HammarströmSystem Architect Gripen ESAAB Aeronautics
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COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
• Conflict, in its most basic form, is a contest betweendecision making loops. The side with the FASTER andBETTER decision making loop wins any conflict
• It’s all about getting inside the enemy’s OODA-loop
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Short Loop
Long Loop
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PACE OF CHANGE
3
1 System Lifetime
~2x better
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1
10 000
100 000 000
1 000 000 000 000
10 000 000 000 000 000
100 000 000 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Calculations per second per $1,000
PACE OF CHANGE
4
F-15, F-16, F-18
39A/BC/D
100 millions times faster
One million millionmillion million times faster
39E, F-35
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MOVING AT THE PACE OF CHANGE
5
Pär’s first mobile
1983
1992
1998
2007
2015
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MOVING AT THE PACE OF CHANGE
6
1983 1992 1998 2007 2015Pär’s first mobile
”Complexity of embeddedsystems grow with approx
10x every 7th year”Jan Bosch Chalmers
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BREAKING THE COST CURVE
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OPERATIONAL ANDMAINENANCE COST
PRODUCTION ANDDEVELOPMENT COST
COST
OPERATIONAL EFFECT
1950 2015
Cost-efficientproducts…
… and value formoney
X- by wire
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BREAKING THE COST CURVE
8
OPERATIONAL ANDMAINENANCE COST
PRODUCTION ANDDEVELOPMENT COST
COST
OPERATIONAL EFFECT
1950 2015
Cost-efficientproducts…
… and value formoney
X- by wire
Kilograms as cost driver MLoC as cost driver
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THE INVISIBLE MACHINE
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MODIFIABILITY AND VARIABILITY
The modifiability of a system isthe ease with which it can bemodified to changes in theenvironment, requirements orfunctional specification.
Variability is the ability to quicklychange in preplanned ways
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DESIGN FOR COMPOSABILITY
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Module replacement
Data controlled
Variation Points
The modifiability of a system is the ease with which it canbe modified to changes in the environment,requirements or functional specification.
Variability is the ability to quickly changein preplanned ways
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TIGHT COUPLING
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VARIABILITY * COUPLING = COMPLEXITY
Strategy: Enable composability bydecoupling, i.e. each (optional)feature shall be self-contained.
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TIGHT COUPLING
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MODIFIABILITY * COUPLING = COMPLEXITY
Strategy: Enable composability bydecoupling, i.e. each (optional)feature shall be self-contained.
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A FOOD ANALOGY
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A FOOD ANALOGY.
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DESIGN TIMERUN TIME
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Time
EXAMPLE: TIME
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<ProvideTime> <TimeDeviceDriver>
Time Device Time Data
regS
ourc
e()
setT
ime(
)
Time Subscriberge
tTim
e()
[AST, UTC, Q]
[Q, Synch_Method]
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Time Logic
DEPENDENCY INVERSION & INFORMATION HIDING
19
<ProvideTime> <TimeDeviceDriver>
TimeSubscriber Time Device
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PACKAGING & DEPENDENCY INVERSION
20
PLATFORM
INFRASTRUCTURE
BASIC AIRCRAFT
TACTICAL
CR
OSS-C
UTTING
CO
NC
ERNS
<ProvideTime> <TimeDeviceDriver>
Time
Time Logic Radar
TimeRadar_A
<provides> <requires>
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SERVICE PACKAGE
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<ProvideTime> <TimeDeviceDriver>
Time
Time Logic Radar
TimeRadar_A
<Service name=”ProvideTime”><Service interface=”TimeI.ProvideTime”/>
…</Service>
<ProvideService name=”ProvideTime”><Service source=”Time.60Hz.ProvideTime”/>
…</ProvideService>
<RequireService name=”ProvideTime”><Service target=”Radar_A.60Hz.InputTime”/>
…</RequireService>
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SERVICE LOCATOR
22
<ProvideTime> <TimeDeviceDriver>
Time
Time Logic Radar
TimeRadar_A
<Service name=”ProvideTime”><Service interface=”TimeI.ProvideTime”/>
…</Service>
<ProvideService name=”ProvideTime”><Service source=”Time.60Hz.ProvideTime”/>
…</ProvideService>
<RequireService name=”ProvideTime”><Service target=”Radar_A.60Hz.InputTime”/>
…</RequireService>
Resolver
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SERVICE GUARANTEED
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<ProvideTime> <TimeDeviceDriver>
Time
Option A,
<ProvideTime> Required Interface AST, UTC, Q
Define Q as a Configuration parameterEach Time Device Feature Package has to declarenominal Q and possible ACL dependent Q
Each Time subscriber needs to state a minumum Q forguaranteed capability
Configuration needs to be choosen wisely
Option B,
<ProvideTime> Required Interface AST, UTC, Q
Service Package declares Q (nominal, envelope, ACL)
Time providers (devices) needs to be choosen wisely
GPS
RadioLink
AtomicclockRadar
TimeLogic
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