Griffin Fob 1e Chapter 09

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Chapter Nine

Using Teams in

Organizations



Chapter Objectives

bull Differentiate teams from groups

bull Discuss the benefits and costs of teams

in organizationsbull Describe various types of teams

bull Explain how organizations implement

the use of teamsbull Discuss other essential team issues



Team

bull Team

ndash A small number of people with complementary

sills who are committed to

bull a common purposebull common performance goals

bull an approach for which they hold themselves mutually

accountable

bull aving a common purpose and

shared performance goals sets

the tone and direction of a team



Differentiating Teams and Groups

bull roups vs Teams ndash roup ndash refers to an assemblage of people or ob$ects gathered

together

ndash Team ndash refers to people or animals organized to wor together

places more emphasis on concerted action than a groupbull ampor group ndash the collection of people who happen to

report to the same supervisor or manager ndash members may be satisfying their own needs in the group and

have little concern for a common ob$ective

ndash This is where a team and a group differ because in a team allmembers are committed to a common goal



Table 91 Differences eteen Teams and

Traditional or Groups



Differentiating eteen Teams and Groups

bull (ob )ategories ndash The wor of conventional groups is usually described in

terms of highly specialized $obs that reuire minimaltraining and moderate effort

ndash +n teams members have many different sills that fit intoone or two broad $ob categories

bull Authority ndash +n conventional wor groups the supervisor directly

controls worers daily activities

ndash +n teams members discuss what activities need to bedone and determine who has the necessary sills andwho will do each tas




$continued

bull -eward ystems

ndash The traditional reward and compensation systems

suitable for individual motivation are not

appropriate in a teambased organizationbull +n a conventional setting employees are usually

rewarded on the basis of their individual performance

seniority or $ob classification

bull +n a teambased situation team members are rewarded

for mastering a range of sills needed to meet teamperformance goals and rewards are sometimes based

on team performance



TeamampOriented eard ()stems

bull ill0ased 1ay ndash -euires team members to acuire a set of the core sills

needed for their particular team plus additional special sillsdepending on career tracs or team needs

ndash Employees can increase their base pay by acuiring specialsills

bull ainharing ystems ndash -ewards all team members from all teams based on the

performance of the organization division or plant

ndash -euires a baseline performance that team members mustexceed to receive some share of the gain over the baselinemeasure



TeamampOriented eard ()stems $continued

bull Team 0ased 1lans ndash imilar to gainsharing plans except that

the unit of performance and pay is the

team rather than a plant a division or theentire organization

ndash 2or the plan to be effective each teammust have specific performance targets or

baseline measures that it considersrealistic



enefits of Teams in Organiations

bull Enhanced 1erformance ndash 3ay tae many forms including improved

productivity uality and customer servicebull uch enhancements result from pooling individual efforts

in new ways and continuously striving to improve for thebenefit of the team

bull Employee 0enefits ndash Teams can provide the sense of selfcontrol

human dignity identification with wor and senseof selfworth and selffulfillment for which currentworers seem to strive




$continued

bull -educed )osts

ndash As empowered teams reduce scrap mae fewer

errors file fewer worer compensation claims and

reduce absenteeism and turnover resulting insignificant cost reductions

bull 4rganizational Enhancements

ndash 4ther improvements in organizations that result

from moving from a hierarchically based directiveculture to a teambased culture include increased

innovation creativity and flexibility



Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations



Costs of Teams in Organiations

bull )osts of Teams

ndash The costs of teams are usually expressed in terms

of the difficulty of changing to a teambased

organization ndash The primary costs include

bull 1erception by traditional groups that their roles are

threatened

bull lowness of the process of full team development

bull 1remature abandonment of the change to a teambase

organization



T)pes of Teams

bull 5uality )ircles

ndash mall groups of employees from the same wor

area who regularly meet to discuss and

recommend solutions to worplace problemsbull ampor Teams

ndash All the people woring in an area are relatively

permanent and do the daily wor maing

decisions regarding how the team6s wor is done



T)pes of Teams $continued

bull 1roblemolving Teams

ndash Temporary teams established to attac

specific problems in the worplace

bull 3anagement Teams

ndash )onsist of managers from various areas

that coordinate wor teams




bull 1roduct Development Teams

ndash )ombinations of wor teams and problemsolving

teams that create new designs for products or

services that will satisfy customer needsbull ampor Teams

ndash ampor together via computer and other electronic

communication utilities members move in and out

of meetings and the team itself as the situationdictates



mplementing Teams in Organiations

bull 1lanning the )hange ndash The change to a teambased organization reuires

a great deal of analysis and planning before it isimplemented

bull 3aing the Decision ndash 1rior to maing the decision top management

needs tobull establish the leadership for the change

bull develop a steering committeebull conduct a feasibility study

bull mae the go7nogo decision




$continued

bull 1reparing for implementation consists

of the following five steps

8)larifying the mission

9electing the site for the first wor teams

1reparing the design team

1lanning the transfer of authority

ltDrafting the preliminary plan




$continued

bull 1hases of +mplementation ndash 1hase 8 tart =p

bull Team members are selected and prepared to wor in teams

ndash 1hase 9 -eality and =nrestbull Team members are confused about and frustrated with the

new situation

bull 2or employees unfamiliar tass more responsibility andworry about $ob security replace hope for the opportunitiespresented by the new approach

ndash 1hase gteader)entered Teamsbull Team develops an identity and focuses on a single member

as the team leader




$continued

bull 1hases of +mplementation continued ndash 1hase Tightly 2ocused Teams

bull Team has confidence in itself is solving problems and isresolving internal conflicts

bull )ommunication with external team begins to diminish theteam covers up for underperforming members and interteam rivalries can turn sour leading to unhealthycompetition

ndash 1hase lt elf3anaged Teamsbull 1hase lt is the end result of the months or years of planning

and implementation

bull 3ature teams are meeting or exceeding their performancegoals



-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance

bull Team 1erformance

ndash 4rganizations typically expect too much

too soon when they implement teams



-igure 9+ erformance and mplementation

of Teams

-eference 2rom The ampisdom of Teams )reating the igh 1erformance 4rganization by (on - atzenbach and

Douglas mith 0oston 3A 8BB p C )opyright 9832098BB 3cinley )ompany +nc All rights reserved

-eprinted by permission of arvard 0usiness chool 1ublishing



(tart at the Top

bull )hange starts at the top in every successful teamimplementation

bull Top management has three important roles to play8 Top management must decide to go to a teambased

organization for sound business performancerelatedreasons a ma$or cultural change cannot be made simplybecause it is the fad

9 Top management is instrumental in communicating tothe rest of the organization the reasons for the change

Top management must support the changed effort duringdifficult times



Chapter Objectives

bull Differentiate teams from groups

bull Discuss the benefits and costs of teams

in organizationsbull Describe various types of teams

bull Explain how organizations implement

the use of teamsbull Discuss other essential team issues



Team

bull Team





accountable








together






















$continued

bull -eward ystems








on team performance





























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top








Team

bull Team





accountable








together






















$continued

bull -eward ystems








on team performance





























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top










together






















$continued

bull -eward ystems








on team performance





























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top






















$continued

bull -eward ystems








on team performance





























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top


















$continued

bull -eward ystems








on team performance





























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









$continued

bull -eward ystems








on team performance





























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top


































$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top

























$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top

















$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









$continued

bull -educed )osts










Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top








Table 9+

enefits ofTeams in

Organiations




bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









bull )osts of Teams





threatened



organization



T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top








T)pes of Teams







































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top





































$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top




























$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top


















$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









$continued











$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









$continued




new situation



as the team leader




$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









$continued





and implementation




-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top








-igure 91

hases of Team

mplementation



Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top








Team erformance







of Teams






(tart at the Top









of Teams






(tart at the Top








(tart at the Top






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Griffin Fob 1e Chapter 09