Greener Trucking

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The “Trucking Industry”

• Eclectic Mix of Industries• 96% Small Businesses, < 20 Trucks• 80+% of Communities Depend Exclusively on

Trucks• Diesel is Lifeblood

Sources: ATA and Global Insight

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2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Truck Rail Carload Pipeline Water RailIntermodal

Air

20062018

Freight Tonnage Projections

(2006 to 2018)

70%

<1%6%

2%

9%13%

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To

ns

2018 Market Share2018 Market Share

May not equal 100% due to rounding

Fuel Economy Trends – Flat(declined w EPA mandates)

FUEL ECONOMY TREND (Class 8 Tractor-Trailers)

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10

YEAR

MPG DOE

ATA TMC JDP

Emission Improvements

0

5

10

15

20

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

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1.0

1.5

2.0

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late

Ma

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(g/b

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Year

NOx

PM

85%

Additional14%

90%

Add’l9%

Who Idles? - Everybody

• Motor Carriers• Emergency Services• Utilities• Refuse• Construction• Government• Rail & Marine

Why Idle?

• Driver Comfort/Convenience• Safety/Security• Congestion/Emergencies• Pre-Trip Inspections• Engine Warm-Up• Cost of Alternative Solutions• Productivity

Where Does Most Idling Occur?

• Travel Centers– Fuel Islands– Parking Areas

• Motor Carrier Terminals• Ports, Border Crossings• Government Owned/Operated facilities

– Weigh/Inspection Areas– Public Rest Areas– Shipping/Receiving

Gensets – “APUs”

Positives:• Gensets do it all

(APU’s)• Ease of operation for

drivers• .1-.2 gal/hr fuel savings• Reduces wear-and-tear

on main engine

Negatives:• High cost ($6-8K)• .2 gal/hr vs. .75gal/hr• Added maintenance

costs• Weight

Diesel-powered generators provide cab heating, cooling, electrical, charging and engine heat.

SCTASouth Carolina Gears Up for Green Growth

• A rebate program for SC truck owners for the purchase/installation of APUs.– Rebates of up to 50% of the total costs (not to exceed

$4,500 per unit) of each APU.– Approximately $270,600.00 was awarded to SCTA by

DHEC/EPA to implement the program.– 54 auxiliary power units (APUs) were available.– A total of 7 companies were selected to participate.

To date, 50 APUs have been installed and nearly $225,000 in rebates have been issued.

Environmental Benefits of the Program

• The APUs units awarded will reduce the trucking industry’s carbon footprint.

• Based on the data compiled for the units installed thus far, it is estimated that the following emission reductions and environmental benefits will be achieved in South Carolina:– Idling Hours: 10,840 hours/year– Nitrogen Oxide: 13.3 tons/year – Carbon Dioxide: 578.5 tons/year – Diesel Fuel: 52,116.2 gallons/year

All emission reductions were calculated using the EPA’s Diesel Emission Quantifier with data submitted by participants. All reductions are based on an estimated 80% reduction in idling hours.

Direct-Fired Heaters

Positives:• Inexpensive ($1K)• 3% fuel savings • Ease of operation• Compact and lightweight• .07 gal/hr fuel use• Provide more than enough

heat in all winter temps• Reduces wear on main

engine

Negatives:• Doesn’t address air

conditioning needs• Drivers leave it on entire

time truck is parked• Some battery usage

Small diesel-fired furnace for heating cab when engine is off.

Cab and Coolant Heaters

Positives:• Heat both engine & cab• Simple to use• Compact• .1 gal/hr• Reduces wear on main

engine• Inexpensive ($1-$2K)

Negatives:• Battery power

requirements• Additional complexity,

requires tie-in to engine and heating systems

Heat engine coolant keeping engine and cab warm.

Truckstop Electrification

Positives:• No separate components• Pay-as-you-go

($2.18 - $1.85/hr)• Internet/phone

connectivity• No fuel consumed• No wear on main engine

Negatives:• 80% of drivers park at or

near customer locations, not truckstops or waysides

• Nationwide infrastructure currently lagging

• Concern over monopolizing rest areas at expense of competing technologies

IdleAir TechnologiesIdleAir Technologies Off-board heating and cooling solutions. Removable ductwork connects to tractor.

Plug-In Electrification Systems

Positives:• Provide adequate air

conditioning in all temps• Easy to use• Experience in RV industry

makes it a mature product• Less wear on main engine• Relatively inexpensive

Negatives:• No national electrification

infrastructure • Inverter needed• Heating, cooling and

other appliances extra

Offers power for heating, cooling and convenience appliances with a plug-in device.

Engine Shutdown Devices

Positive:• Inexpensive

($900-$1,200)• .1 gal/hr fuel savings• Installed as a factory

option

Negative:• Sleep deprivation• Driver tampering

Controls engine start and stop based on set time period, ambient temperature, or other parameters.

Thermal Storage Systems

Positives:• Lowest cost A/C approach• Can be integrated with

bunk A/C• Mobile solution• Very low noise• Less wear on main engine

Negatives:• Capacity, weak

performance over 90º F ambient

• Poor tractor insulation capabilities

• High driver interface

Utilizes existing tractor air conditioning to charge a storage system. Discharged during breaks.

Driver “Technology”

Positive:• Low Cost• Drivers have an option

to participate• Additional pay for

drivers• Reinforces correct

behavior

Negative:• Complex, difficult to

manage• Requires engine

recording• Negative driver

perception• Does not eliminate

idling

Provide incentives through programs to encourage idle reduction where appropriate.

How do we move forward?

Government Support:• Federal Legislation

(Granger/Energy Bill)• Weight offsets for idle

technologies • Support for R&D• State/local financing • SmartWay• EPA model law

Industry Support:• Driver education• Cost effective,

integrated solutions• Technology neutrality• Grant demonstration

projects

ATA’s Sustainability Plan

• 10-year commitment from entire industry to further reduce fuel consumption and cut CO2 emissions

• Program includes six key recommendations set out on a dedicated sustainability-focused Web site www.trucksdeliver.org

Greening the Industry

1. Set a national speed limit of 65 mph for all vehicles and govern truck speeds at 65 mph for trucks manufactured after 1992

2. Decrease idling

3. Increase fuel efficiency by participating in SmartWaySM

4. Reduce congestion through highway improvements

5. Promote more productive truck combinations

6. Support national fuel economy standards