Green & Sustainable - Michigan Water Environment … Chemistry - Kovacs.pdf · Green & Sustainable DALILA G. KOVACS GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY ALLENDALE, MI, USA ... on green solvents,

Green &

Sustainable

DALILA G. KOVACS G R A N D VA L L E Y S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y

A L L E N D A L E , M I , U S A

CHEMISTRY

MWEA May 13-2014 Lansing, MI


“A novel substance is either isolated or synthesized every 2.6 seconds on the average during the past 12 months, day and night, seven days a week in the World”

Dr. Hideaki Chihara, Ph.D. chemist and former president of Japan Association for International Chemical Information.


• CAS REGISTRYSM

> 87 million unique chemical substances

• CHEMLIST® (Regulated Chemicals Listing)

>310,000 substances

> 50 new substances or are added to the database each week.

http://www.cas.org/content/chemical-substances





PHARMA INDUSTRY

Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-water-treatment plant

Stackelberg P.E., Furlong E.T., Meyer M.T., Zaugg S.D., Henderson A.K., Reissman D.B. (2004) Science of the Total Environment, 329 (1-3) , pp. 99-113.

2014 (20) 2013 (43) 2012 (52) 2011 (48)

2010 (45)


• 106 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs • Several of these compounds also were frequently detected in samples of finished

water • What are these compounds: selected prescription and non-prescription drugs and their metabolites, fragrance compounds, flame retardants plasticizers, cosmetic compounds, solvent.

• Drinking-water criteria currently are based on the toxicity of individual compounds

and not combinations of compounds. Little is known about potential human-health effects associated with chronic exposure to trace levels of multiple OWCs through routes such as drinking water


ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS SURVIVE A CONVENTIONAL DWT

BLACK


Sierra Club: Beyond Coal (Photo Essay) 2012

http://www.triplepundit.com/writers/

RED


NBC news-10/22/2010

GREEN


Many chemical processes in use today are

black or red, or both. The goal of the

chemical industry should be the

replacement of red and/or black chemistry

with green alternatives: Green Chemistry

Sheldon, R. Green Chem., 2, G1. 2000

GREEN


http://www.cmu.edu/homepage/practical/20

08/summer/melanie-vrabel.shtml

http://www.greenchem.biz/?q=company-profile

clean chemistry green chemistry sustainable chemistry

are essentially the same (Leitner, 1999)

sustainable and green (Tundo, February 2008)

1st meeting of the Working Party on Green and Sustainable Chemistry (European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences)

CHEMISTRY: GREEN


An overview: origins and development of green chemistry, by J. A. Linthorst, Found Chem

(2010) 12:55–68 DOI 10.1007/s10698-009-9079-4


GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Green chemistry (also known as

sustainable chemistry) is the design,

development, and implementation of

chemical products and processes to

reduce or eliminate the use and

generation of substances hazardous to

human health and the environment.

Anastas, P. & Warner, J.


THE TWELVE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY

Dr. Paul Anastas Dr. John Warner



1. Prevention

2. Atom Economy

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

6. Design for Energy Efficiency

7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks

8. Reduce Derivatives

9. Catalysis

10. Design for Degradation

11. Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention

12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention



1. Prevention

2. Atom Economy

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

6. Design for Energy Efficiency

7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks

8. Reduce Derivatives

9. Catalysis

10. Design for Degradation

12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention


11. Real-time Analysis for

Pollution Prevention

REDUCING RISK


• Design Safer Chemicals – utilize performance chemicals that have the

lowest levels of toxicity.

• Design Less Hazardous Synthesis Methods –if feasible, use

synthetic or biosynthetic methods, with little or no toxicity to human

health and the environment.

• Use Safer Solvents and Reaction Conditions –up-to-date information

on green solvents, optimize the process and provide safer working

environment.

• Accident Prevention – Select substances that minimize the potential

for explosions, fires and chemical releases into the environment.


Safer chemistry & Accident prevention

$$$


Designing safer chemicals for humans less toxic & less flammable


Designing safer chemicals for environment degrade to harmless products

Detergents Na salts of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acids

Builders Zeolites

Pesticides Pyrethroid pesticides

Environmentally benign antibacterial agents

Mg(OOH)OAc

Mg(OOH)2


Polycarbonates: Made from bisphenol A BPA and phosgene. Cl2CO

“ Phosgene is used as a chemical intermediate; ..used as a chemical warfare

agent. Phosgene is extremely toxic by acute inhalation exposure. Severe respiratory effects: pulmonary edema, pulmonary emphysema, and death have been reported in humans. Severe ocular irritation and dermal burns may result following eye or skin exposure. Chronic inhalation exposure to phosgene may also cause irreversible

pulmonary changes of emphysema and fibrosis. “ http://www.epa.gov/

Less hazardous chemical synthesis


water as a solvent vs. a resource water-born paints vs. paints based on VOCs scCO2 used in extraction of caffeine from coffee

and in dry cleaning

Safer solvents No solvent: Gas phase Solventless Benign solvent: Water

http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/materials-and-applications/paints.html


Less hazardous chemical synthesis

Roundup

Waste Minimization & Prevention – Develop chemical

synthesis techniques, which reduce or prevent waste. It is

better to prevent waste than to clean it up after its creation.

Catalysts vs. Stoichiometric Quantities – Catalytic

reactions inherently use smaller quantities of chemicals to

carry out a specified transformation.

Reduce Chemical Derivatives – The use of protecting

groups or other forms of temporary modification of a

functionality adds to the total waste incurred in a synthetic

route.

Minimizing the Environmental

Footprint


Synthetic Efficiency (Atom Economy) – An efficient chemical

process ensures the maximum amount of your starting materials

is used in the final product so that no atom is wasted.

Designed for Degradation – Reduce the effect on the

environment by using chemicals that are designed to be

biodegradable.

In-Process Controls for Pollution Prevention – To avoid the

formation of hazardous substances, adopt real-time analysis

and in process monitoring during synthesis.


Footprint


http://www.greenchemex.org/

Renewable Feedstocks – Use raw materials or renewable

feedstocks (waste from other processes or products derived

from agricultural streams) whenever technically or

economically feasible.

Energy Efficiency – The realization of the economical and

environmental impact of energy use in a chemical process

and the development of alternative means to reduce the

impact.


Footprint



Starch-based polymers: renewable resources readily degradable

Design for degradation

THE DRIVING FORCE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Acceptance: Chemical industry must not adversely affect the environment for future generations: sustainability.

• Addresses:

• Resources depletion of the production of

• waste

• Reagents & risk

• Products & degradation



The chemical industry creates an immense variety of products

which impinge on virtually every aspect of our lives.

CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY: GREEN

“There are still mistakes and these are generally well publicized in the media but overall there have been significant changes in the operation of the chemical industry that are designed to reduce the impact on the environment”

http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/processes/green-chemistry.html (last amended: 6th April 2014; accessed May 12, 2014)


http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/processes/green-chemistry.html






THE INDUSTRY PUSH TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY

Green chemistry was adopted often because it is attractive and ecologically-sound

A series of examples of industrial motivation vs. principles of green chemistry in the development of new processes have been reported

Centi, G. and Perathoner, S. (2003) Catal. Today, 77, 287.


From Green to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry, G. Centi and S. Perathoner in Sustainable

Industrial Processes. Edited by F. Cavani, G. Centi, S. Perathoner, and F. Trifiró Copyright

2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 978-3-527-31552-9


FROM GREEN TO SUSTAINABLE

• Greener technologies --a novel business strategy for innovation.

• Sustainable industrial chemistry --effective strategies

for sustainability though chemistry. • Green and sustainable chemistry are thus not

synonymous; green chemistry is the core for new strategy for sustainable chemistry to be built around.

Sheldon, R.A., Arends, I. and Hanefeld, U. (2007) Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim.; Clark, J. and Macquarrie, D. (eds) (2002)

Handbook of Green Chemistry and Technology, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. Rothenberg, G. (2008)Catalysis – Concepts and Green Applications, Wiley-

VCH Verlag, Weinheim.; Tundo, P. and Esposito, V. (eds) (2008) Green Chemical Reactions, Springer, Dordrecht. (Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study

Institute onNew Organic Chemistry Reactions and Methodologies for Green Production Lecce Italy 29 Oct–10 Nov 2006. Doble, M. and Kruthiventi, A.K. (2007)

Green Chemistry and Engineering, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, Amsterdam.


1990 Pollution Prevention Act 1991 Green Chemistry

EPA & Green Chemistry


GREENER CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES

Cleaning: • Laundry • Water Purification • Industrial Cleaning

• UltimerTM Polymer Technology

• high molecular weight, water soluble polymers in

aqueous salt solution

• eliminates use of oils and surfactants in

manufacture and use

• uses ammonium sulfate, a waste by-product from

the manufacture of caprolactam

• eliminates need for expensive mixing equipment

required for water-in-oil emulsions

Nalco Chemical Company

CLEANING WATER

• Crystal Simple Green®

• Water based industrial cleaner

• Non-toxic, biodegradable surfactants

• Replaces traditional organic solvents

• Eliminates hazardous waste sludge

production and VOC pollution Sunshine Makers, Inc.

INDUSTRIAL CLEANING

Isomet Mixture of isoparaffinic hydrocarbon, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and isopropyl alcohol

Replaces Typewash (mixture of methylene chloride, toluene, and acetone)

Excellent performance in postage stamp and overprinting presses

Acceptable properties (cleaning ability, solvent evaporation rate, odor, environmental compliance, and cost)

U.S.Bureau of Engraving and Printing

INDUSTRIAL CLEANING

u Not a solution to all environmental

problems.

u The most fundamental approach to

preventing pollution.

u Recognizes the importance of

incremental improvements.

GREEN CHEMISTRY

MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY

1

Student Ashley Brady, GVSUGreen & Industrial processes W2014

PROBLEM?

Copper and Lead ions can leach into drinking water

1

2


ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Phosphate

additions reduce

lead and copper

ions leaching into

drinking water

Concentrations

<0.1ppm

causes

eutrophication

P

b

P

b P

b

P

b

P

b P

b P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b

P

b P

b

C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

C

a

PO

4

PO

4 PO

4

PO

4 PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4

PO

4 PO

4 PO

4 PO

4 PO

4 PO

4 PO

4 PO

4 PO

4

3


GREEN CHEMISTRY

1

4


BEST SOLUTION?

Environmental Chemistry

• Prevents Lead and Copper ions from leaching out

• Solution for areas not needed - eutrophication

Green Chemistry • Solves problem by removing

hazardous materials

• Involves more labor and possible costs


• Conferences and meetings http://www.gcande.org

• Journals Green Chemistry debuted 1999.

Green Chemistry since 1991


http://www.rsc.org/is/journals/current/green/greenpub.htm

• The Green Chemistry Institute was created.

• The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards 1995.

Green Chemistry since 1991


http://www.acs.org/greenchemistry

Laws (passed by the US congress) place limits on pollution and timetables for compliance, however with little regard to: Could science/technology attain goals? Economic costs?

Command & Control approach


“end of the pipe” laws control Risk by dealing with Exposure.

Often Exposure fails.

under the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI Emergency

Planning and Community Right to Know Act EPCRA), companies are required to report the use and/or release of certain hazardous substances.


Risk=f(Hazard, Exposure)

http://www.epa.gov/tri

environmental regulations = economic hardship. cost U.S. industries between $100 to 150 billion per year. adversarial and mistrust relationships between industry and regulatory bodies

Risk=f(Hazard, Exposure)


Policies weaknesses of command & control approach

The data gap: manufacturers sell chemicals or products without

studying or sharing information about potential health or environmental hazards. Result: consumers and businesses have difficulty knowing what ingredients are in a product, if they are safe – or knowing whether a less hazardous alternative exists

Green Chemistry at Work: Leading California Businesses Demonstrate How to Make Products

Safe from the Start, March 2010 T. Madsen, R. Kerth, Frontier Group and P. King Palitz,

Environment California Research & Policy Center


Green Chemistry at Work: Leading California Businesses Demonstrate How to Make Products

Safe from the Start, March 2010 T. Madsen, R. Kerth, Frontier Group and P. King Palitz,

Environment California Research & Policy Center

Policies weaknesses of command & control approach

The safety gap: regulators are unable to take effective action to

address known hazards. Result: businesses may be allowed to sell products made with toxic ingredients banned in other countries.


MICHIGAN GREEN CHEMISTRY CLEARINGHOUSE (MGCC)


An open access portal to Green Chemistry resources

www.migreenchemistry.org

http://www.migreenchemistry.org/

WHAT

MGCC is the result of a competitive contract with MIDEQ

won in 2010 by an eclectic group of green chemistry

stakeholders including

o Center for Sustainability at Aquinas College

o Sustainability Research Group (SRG)

o Grand Valley State University (GVSU)

o Blue Sphere Solution, Inc.

o Ecology Center Ann Arbor

o Great Lakes Green Chemistry Network (GLGCN)


WHY MGCC

• open access website & online community, a clearinghouse for green chemistry related information

• an information portal & interactive platform for industry, educators, academics, students, decision makers, and the general public

• meant to slever the economic and innovative potential of green chemistry in Michigan at all levels, promoting human and environmental health


Michigan Green Chemistry Program

Michigan Green Chemistry Roundtable

Michigan Governor’s Green Chemistry Awards

Program

Michigan Green Chemistry Conference

Michigan Governor’s Executive Directive 2006-6: Promotion of Green Chemistry for Sustainable

Economic Development and Protection of Public Health

Michigan Green Chemistry Action Plan

Funding & Incentives Workshops


Informational Clearinghouse

www.migreenchemistry.org


http://www.migreenchemistry.org/

Building Community A. Interactive Features

Plus Social Media and more… MWEA May 13-2014 Lansing, MI

Webinar Series

Michigan Green Chemistry Clearinghouse YouTube Channel:

http://www.youtube.com/user/migreenchemistry

Audio-visual recordings of webinars can be found at:

o More than 60 presentations from multiple sectors (Industry, Government,

Academia, NGO / Not-for-Profits)

o General and specific audiences (e.g. students)

o Diversity of topics and perspectives on green chemistry

o Fundamental concepts of green chemistry

o Toxicology and green chemistry

o Green technology innovations

o Industry-specific initiatives in green chemistry

o State and federal government programs on green chemistry

o Other green chemistry stakeholder groups and initiatives

o Regional networks

o Education programs

o Labor groups

o Public health and chemicals

o Safer chemical regulations, policies and guidelines

o Chemical assessment methodologies and tools


http://www.youtube.com/user/migreenchemistry

Collaborative Efforts Industry o Office Furniture Industry: Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers

Association (BIFMA)

o Automobile industry: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Green Technology

Steering Committee

o 2025 Safer Chemistry Challenge Program (National Pollution Prevention Roundtable)

Business Commitment to Green Chemistry

Education o Michigan Green Chemistry Education Network

o Great Lakes Green Chemistry Student Network

o Next Generation Science Standards

o Toxicology training for green chemistry education

o Green Chemistry Education Self-Assessment

o Green Chemistry Commitment (Beyond Benign)

o Green Chemistry and Commerce Council (GC3) Policy Statement on Green Chemistry

in Higher Education


Collaborative Efforts continued…

Government / NGO o Michigan Green Chemistry Program

o Michigan Green Chemistry Roundtable (and Work Groups)

o Michigan Governor’s Green Chemistry Awards

o Michigan Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference

o Support initiatives of other green chemistry organizations (for

example):

o Beyond Benign

o Green Chemistry and Commerce Council

o Great Lakes Green Chemistry Network

o Network with national and international green chemistry organizations

to build, foster and support community of green chemistry advocates



http://www2.epa.gov/green-chemistry

http://www2.epa.gov/green-chemistry#video







http://www.greenchemistrynetwork.org




http://greenchem.uoregon.edu/gems.html




WHAT IS GREEN CHEMISTRY?

Green chemistry can be described as:

a. Sustainable chemistry.

b. Chemistry that is benign by design.

c. Pollution prevention at the molecular level.

d. All of the above.



Chemistry

Green Chemistry

Chemistry

GREEN CHEMISTRY IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN TRADITIONAL CHEMISTRY?


a. True

b. False


“I foresee the time when industry shall no longer denude the forests which require generations to mature, nor use up the

mines which were ages in the making, but shall draw its materials largely from from the annual produce of the fields.”



Thank You!

Documents

Green & Sustainable - Michigan Water Environment … Chemistry - Kovacs.pdf · Green & Sustainable DALILA G. KOVACS GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY ALLENDALE, MI, USA ... on green solvents,