Green Sustainable development in Chinese Building

Willy Zhang

What is the problem

2000 2010 2020 2030(Target)

Total building

(billion m2)27.6 48.6 63.8 70.2*1

Total Emission

(giga tCo2)

0.59 1.42 3.0 2.46*2

Per m2 Emission

kgCo2

21.3 29.3 47 35

Source:

• *1: Target Paris Agreement distributing to China Building industry

• *2:11th International Green Habitat Forum, Mr. Yi Jiang ,Academician of China Engineering Academy,2014

• Vanke Arch College,2015

• China Building Materials Daily, Mr. Yan Li of CNBM, 2017

• GBPN: Global Buildings Performance Network ,2016

• Emission of Building and consumption

Is it Sustainable?

In 2017, 2018 more than 2 billion m2/year new building was(will be) built.

Only 620 million m2 new building will be possible to be built per

year if we continuous the way we are doing in China

What We should Do?

One answer is using more in China industry way to make building from modern European precast technologyAccording to Prilhofer Consulting - Reduction of CO2 due to production optimize control in factory- Less energy losses when work is concentrated in the factory

Transfer Traditional Building into Manufacturing BuildingAccording to European Syspro High Quality Association: Carbon emission can be reduced into half when correct system is implemented.

Precast

Cast in Situ

VS

Conclusion of figure:

*Only 30% new building of 2018 considered using European hybrid

system, result in 45 million tons Co2 reduction! Means enough

building could be built.

Material Saving by available Technology

* Less cement Content: Total: 15 million tons of Co2 reduction Precast, 270kg/m3, Cast in Situ: 300kg/m3 = Saving: 60kg/m3 Equal = 28kg Co2 reduction

*In Additionally, Less waste of Concrete: Total 18 million tons Co2 reduction 8% less waste of concrete, equal to 43 million m3 less concrete

* Thinner wall for same quality: Total 12 million tons Co2 reduction European Norm and Standard allows thinner wall.

By industry precast using a 150 mm wall instead of a 200 mm wall for same quality

results in a saving of approx. 20 kg CO2 per m2.

Sample of Future Technology

Automatisierte Herstellung funktional gradierter

Betonbauteile

Dipl.-Ing. Mark Wörner

Automatisierte HerstellungFunktionale Gradierung

Mischung

Dosierung

Förderung

Mischung der Betone

Ausbringvorrichtung

Schalung

Manipulator

Bionics: Bonerschenkelhalsknochen

Mischung von zwei Basisbetonen

Mischung I: Tragfähigkeit Mischung II: Gewichtsreduktion

Prozessleitsysteminkl. Bauteilentwurf

Messung

Automatic 3D Production of Functional Concrete Parts

Source from Dr. Mark Woerner Stuttgart University

Saving up to 30% of building mass

Betonbauteil

Continuous dialogue…Technical as well norm and standard dialogue, Syspro China is forming associated with Syspro Europe and Chinese initial members, Engineering Days China, Sino-European Building Industry Forum…

Long Term Actions Compare and work together

The first was held November 2016

Detailed discussions on this topic will be in Sino European Building Industry Forum November 23rd, 24th 2018, in Beijing

Change is a long process…

Thank you very much for your attention

Email: willy.zhang@liebherr.com

Appendix of the basic data used

What we shall do?

Carbon emission

1 m3 Concrete(in 2015) 410kgCO2/m3

1 ton Cement (in 2013) 940kgCO2/ton

1 m2 Construction area (forecast in

2020)

47kgCO2/m2

Source:

• Vanke Arch College,2015

• China Building Materials Daily, Mr. Yan Li of CNBM, 2017

• 11th International Green Habitat Forum,Mr. Yi Jiang ,Academician of China Engineering Academy,2014

• GBPN: Global Buildings Performance Network ,2016

Basic Data used current from China

Sustainable Building European hybrid system Vs Cast in Situ

Conclusion of figure:

In-situ concrete wall result 10% waste concrete, Hybrid wall arise only 1,60%.

In the hybrid system exact data (CAD) are determined, therefore the exact concrete amounts

required on the building site are known, so only 1,60% concrete waste is generated.

Dimension of wall

Required quantity

concrete for In-situ wall

Required quantity concrete

for Hybrid wall produced in

plant

Required quantity

concrete for Hybrid wall on

site

high 3,00 m 3,00 m 3,00 m

width 0,20 m 0,12 m 0,08 m

length 7,00 m 7,00 m 7,00 m

volume 4,20 m³ 2,52 m³ 1,68 m³

waste of concrete on site in % 10,00% 0,00% 4,00%

waste of concrete on site per

m³ 0,42 m³ 0,00 m³ 0,07 m³

In-situ wall Hybrid wall

waste of concrete on site in %

for finished wall total 10,00% 1,60%

Note: Table source from Prilhofer Consultant

2000 2010 2020 Carbon Emissiongiga tCo2(in 2020 )

Cement output（in million ton）

597 1863 2300 2.1

Cement used in Building（in million ton）

29 221 684 0.64

Concrete output(in million m3)

292 2363 3784 1.78

Concrete in building(in million m3)

78 583 1800 0.85

Source:

• Indicatings In Green Development in 13th 5 Years Plan of Cement from Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of

China

• Situation in Building Material of National Development and Reform Commission

What Cement and concrete role in Emission ?

Saving materials by using thinner wall dimensions:

Comparison of the cement consumption with a 150mm and 200mm thick wall

Conclusion of figure:

When using a 150 mm wall instead of a 200 mm wall gives cement saving of 25%.

A 50 mm thinner wall results in a saving of approx. 20 kg CO2 per m2.

Due to high quality, In European Norm and Standard a thinner elements can be used.

Further possibility for CO2 reduction with higher quality

Hybrid wall concrete

150 wall 0,15 m³

200 wall 0,20 m³

concrete cement

1,00 m³ 380 kg/m³

0,15 m³ 57 kg/m³ 75,00%

0,20 m³ 76 kg/m³ 100,00%