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Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent
Pra
ctic
es
iiiii
The
Hon
g K
ong
Inst
itut
e of
Sur
veyo
rsR
oom
120
5, 1
2/F,
Win
g O
n C
entr
e,11
1 C
onna
ught
Roa
d C
entr
al, S
heun
g W
an,
Hon
g K
ong
Tele
phon
e :
(852
) 25
26 3
679
Facs
imile
:
(852
) 28
68 4
612
Em
ail
: in
fo@
hkis
.org
.hk
Web
site
:
ww
w.h
kis.
org.
hk
All
Rig
hts
Res
erve
dC
opyr
ight
HK
IS 2
015
FOR
EW
OR
D
Ove
r th
e la
st d
ecad
es,
with
the
rap
id d
evel
opm
ent
and
expa
nsio
n of
hu
man
act
iviti
es a
s a
com
bina
tion
of p
opul
atio
n gr
owth
, tec
hnol
ogic
al
adva
ncem
ent,
reso
urce
s ut
iliza
tion
and
was
te d
ispo
sals
, our
eco
-sys
tem
ha
s be
en g
reat
ly a
ffec
ted.
H
ence
, the
re is
an
imm
inen
t nee
d fo
r us
to
focu
s m
ore
effo
rts
on t
he p
rote
ctio
n an
d ra
tiona
l ut
iliza
tion
of n
atur
al
reso
urce
s to
pre
vent
furt
her d
amag
e to
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Hon
g K
ong
is
one
of t
he m
ost
dens
ely
popu
late
d m
etro
polis
es i
n th
e w
orld
. It
s re
al
esta
te s
ecto
r, co
nsis
ting
of m
assi
ve e
nerg
y co
nsum
ers,
has
a c
ruci
al a
nd
pivo
tal r
ole
to c
ontr
ibut
e to
evo
lvin
g H
ong
Kon
g in
to a
gre
ener
and
a
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e bu
ilt-u
p en
viro
nmen
t.
Mai
ntai
ning
a s
usta
inab
le li
ving
env
iron
men
t is
alw
ays
the
mis
sion
of
prof
essi
onal
sur
veyo
rs.
As
a re
puta
ble
and
resp
onsi
ble
com
pone
nt o
f Th
e H
ong
Kon
g In
stitu
te o
f Sur
veyo
rs (H
KIS
), th
e Pr
oper
ty a
nd F
acili
ty
Man
agem
ent
Div
isio
n ha
s ta
ken
the
lead
to
deve
lop
the
indu
stry
with
co
mm
itmen
ts a
nd in
telli
gent
sus
tain
able
sol
utio
ns.
Mor
eove
r, it
is o
ur
soci
al
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
ed
ucat
e an
d he
lp
deve
lop
the
com
mun
ity
tow
ards
a g
reen
er a
nd e
co-f
rien
dly
one
for o
ur fu
ture
gen
erat
ions
.
Hen
ce,
our
Div
isio
n ha
s,
with
th
e jo
ined
en
deav
ours
an
d ki
nd
cont
ribu
tions
of
re
now
ned
scho
lars
an
d ex
peri
ence
d pr
actit
ione
rs,
com
pile
d an
d pu
blis
hed
this
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
to
prov
ide
prof
essi
onal
pro
pert
y an
d fa
cilit
y m
anag
ers
and
prac
titio
ners
as
wel
l as
thos
e in
volv
ed in
rel
ated
bus
ines
ses
and
activ
ities
with
the
best
pr
actic
es a
nd l
ates
t de
velo
pmen
t in
gre
en p
rope
rty
man
agem
ent
and
oper
atio
ns.
I w
ould
like
to ta
ke th
is o
ppor
tuni
ty to
exp
ress
my
sinc
ere
than
ks to
Sr
Cha
rles
C. K
. HU
NG
for
kin
dly
conv
enin
g th
e w
orki
ng c
omm
ittee
and
co
ordi
natin
g th
e ov
eral
l wri
ting
proc
ess
of a
ll ch
apte
rs fo
r thi
s Pr
actic
es
and
of c
ours
e m
y gr
atitu
de t
o Sr
Oliv
er Y
. K
. C
HA
N f
or h
is g
reat
co
ntri
butio
ns in
col
latin
g an
d ed
iting
the
pape
rs to
com
pile
this
Gre
en
Prop
erty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
.
ivv
I tru
ly r
ealiz
e th
at t
his
Prac
tices
is
by n
o m
eans
exh
aust
ive
and
requ
ires
upda
ting
from
tim
e to
tim
e to
cop
e w
ith th
e ad
vanc
emen
t of t
he b
uilt
asse
ts
and
the
expe
ctat
ion
of th
e so
ciet
y.
Mor
eove
r, fu
rther
det
aile
d st
udie
s an
d re
sear
ches
on
the
intri
cate
rel
atio
nshi
ps a
mon
g th
e ar
eas
cove
red
in t
his
publ
icat
ion
toge
ther
with
any
em
ergi
ng a
reas
that
may
hav
e to
be
incl
uded
ar
e al
so w
orth
con
side
ring.
A
ll in
all,
we
wel
com
e an
y su
gges
tions
and
co
mm
ents
on
the
area
s cov
ered
whe
n co
nstru
ctiv
e fe
edba
ck w
ill b
e co
llect
ed
and
inco
rpor
ated
into
futu
re e
ditio
ns.
Sr D
r. E
dmon
d K
.W. C
HE
NG
Cha
irm
anPr
oper
ty a
nd F
acili
ty M
anag
emen
t D
ivis
ion
The
Hon
g K
ong
Inst
itut
e of
Sur
veyo
rsA
pril
2015
PRE
FAC
E
The
inte
nt o
f the
Gre
en P
rope
rty M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es is
to p
rom
ote
publ
ic
awar
enes
s on
the
impo
rtanc
e an
d go
od p
ract
ices
of g
reen
man
agem
ent a
nd
oper
atio
ns,
whi
ch s
houl
d be
ado
pted
not
onl
y at
the
occ
upat
ion
stag
e of
pr
oper
ties
but a
lso
in th
e de
sign
and
con
stru
ctio
n st
ages
of t
he b
uilt
asse
ts.
This
pub
licat
ion
also
pro
vide
s gui
danc
e fo
r pro
fess
iona
l pro
perty
and
faci
lity
man
ager
s in
deliv
erin
g va
lue-
adde
d m
anag
emen
t ser
vice
s to
all u
sers
, aim
ing
at m
aint
aini
ng a
sust
aina
ble
livin
g en
viro
nmen
t.
This
pub
licat
ion
cons
ists
of e
ight
cha
pter
s, w
hich
we
belie
ve h
as p
rovi
ded
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
cov
erag
e of
the
maj
or a
spec
ts re
late
d to
the
issu
es.
Cha
pter
1
intro
duce
s th
e ge
nera
l co
ncep
ts o
f gr
een
prop
erty
man
agem
ent,
from
m
anag
emen
t sy
stem
s, pr
otec
tion
polic
ies,
and
impa
ct
asse
ssm
ents
to
al
ignm
ent o
f con
tract
ors a
nd su
pplie
rs to
the
com
mun
ity a
t lar
ge.
Cha
pter
s 2
to 6
, bei
ng t
he m
ain
body
of
the
publ
icat
ion,
pro
vide
pra
ctic
al g
uide
s fo
r pr
ofes
sion
al p
rope
rty an
d fa
cilit
y m
anag
ers a
nd p
ract
ition
ers i
n m
anag
ing
the
use
of e
nerg
y an
d w
ater
, ind
oor a
ir qu
ality
, was
te h
andl
ing
and
land
scap
ing
was
te.
Cha
pter
7 o
utlin
es t
he l
egal
req
uire
men
ts a
nd o
blig
atio
ns i
n en
viro
nmen
tal p
rote
ctio
n an
d co
ntro
l. C
hapt
er 8
, bei
ng th
e la
st se
ctio
n of
the
publ
icat
ion,
hig
hlig
hts t
he e
mer
gent
opp
ortu
nitie
s aris
ing
from
tech
nolo
gica
l ad
vanc
emen
ts f
or th
ose
inte
rest
ed in
sus
tain
able
man
agem
ent a
pplic
atio
ns
and
envi
ronm
enta
l frie
ndly
des
igns
.
All
thos
e w
ho h
ave
take
n pa
rt in
col
lect
ing
the
info
rmat
ion
and
the
writ
ing
proc
ess f
or th
is p
ublic
atio
n ar
e gr
atef
ully
ack
now
ledg
ed a
s fol
low
s:
Sr G
ary
M.K
. YEU
NG
,Sr
Dic
k N
.C. K
WO
K,
Dr.
Vin
cent
S.Y
. CH
ENG
,Sr
Ala
n S.
WO
NG
,Sr
Tim
Y.T
. LAW
,Sr
Pro
f. Ja
mes
Ken
neth
PO
NG
, and
Sr C
harle
s C.K
. HU
NG
.
vivi
i
Spec
ial t
hank
s ar
e te
nder
ed to
the
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Dep
artm
ent,
in
parti
cula
r th
eir
seni
or o
ffice
r D
r. D
avid
K.K
. HA
, for
the
ir pe
rmis
sion
to
quot
e th
e da
ta a
nd i
nfor
mat
ion
from
the
ir w
ebsi
tes
as w
ell
as D
r. H
A’s
valu
able
fee
dbac
k on
Cha
pter
7 o
f th
is p
ublic
atio
n.
App
reci
atio
n is
als
o ex
tend
ed to
Sr Y
vonn
e H
.Y. W
ON
G, M
s. Pe
cky
O.T
. LA
I and
Mr.
Mat
thew
M
.K. L
EE fo
r the
ir te
chni
cal s
uppo
rt, w
ithou
t whi
ch th
is p
ublic
atio
n w
ould
no
t hav
e be
en c
ompl
eted
.
I do
hope
that
the
read
ers w
ill fi
nd th
e G
reen
Pro
perty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
us
eful
and
pra
ctic
al o
n th
eir p
rope
rty a
nd fa
cilit
ies
man
agem
ent o
pera
tions
. In
addi
tion,
mor
e peo
ple w
ill b
e enc
oura
ged
to ta
ke d
rast
ic en
ough
actio
ns o
n en
viro
nmen
tal
prot
ectio
n an
d gr
een
man
agem
ent
so t
hat
we
can
mak
e a
diffe
renc
e to
the
Earth
.
Sr O
liver
Y.K
. CH
AN
Edi
tor
of G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
esPr
oper
ty a
nd F
acili
ty M
anag
emen
t Div
isio
nT
he H
ong
Kon
g In
stitu
te o
f Sur
veyo
rsA
pril
2015
TAB
LE
OF
CO
NT
EN
TS
Fore
wor
d ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
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......
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......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
Pref
ace.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
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......
......
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......
......
......
......
......
....
1.
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent C
once
pts
1.1
Intro
duct
ion.
......
......
......
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......
.....
1.
2
Nee
d fo
r Gre
en P
rope
rty M
anag
emen
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
1.3
En
viro
nmen
tal M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
1.
3.1
En
viro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n Po
licy
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
1.
3.2
En
viro
nmen
tal A
spec
t and
Impa
ct A
sses
smen
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
1.3.
3
Envi
ronm
enta
l Obj
ectiv
es, T
arge
ts a
nd P
rogr
amm
e ...
......
......
......
......
......
1.4
Ed
ucat
ion
and
Awar
enes
s B
uild
ing
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
1.
4.1
C
ontra
ctor
s an
d Su
pplie
rs ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
1.
4.2
C
usto
mer
s of
the
Org
aniz
atio
n ...
......
......
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......
...
1.4.
3
Com
mun
ity ..
......
......
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...
1.
5
Publ
icity
and
Ach
ieve
men
ts ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
1.6
C
oncl
usio
n ...
......
......
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......
......
......
......
......
...
2.
Ene
rgy
Savi
ng M
anag
emen
t2.
1
Imm
inen
t Nee
d to
Pro
mot
e En
ergy
Eff
icie
ncy
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
2.
2
Prep
arat
ory
Wor
k ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
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......
....
2.
2.1
En
ergy
Aud
it ...
......
......
......
......
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......
......
......
......
2.2.
2
Car
bon
Aud
it ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
2.
2.3
Pl
anni
ng fo
r Ene
rgy
Effic
ienc
y ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
2.3
En
ergy
Sav
ing
in B
uild
ing
Ope
ratio
ns ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
2.
3.1
Li
ghtin
g In
stal
latio
ns ..
......
......
......
......
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......
......
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......
......
......
......
......
2.3.
2
Hea
ting,
Ven
tilat
ion
and
Air
Con
ditio
ning
Inst
alla
tions
.....
......
......
......
....
2.
3.3
El
ectri
cal A
pplia
nces
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
2.
3.4
Li
ft an
d Es
cala
tor S
ervi
ces
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
2.
4
Con
clus
ion
......
......
......
......
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......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
3.
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t3.
1 In
trod
uctio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
3.2
W
ater
Man
agem
ent P
rinc
iple
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
3.3
W
ater
Man
agem
ent P
lann
ing
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
1 2 3 4 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 11iii v 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 23 25 26 28 29 30
viii
ix
3.3.
1
Purp
ose
and
Scop
e of
Wat
er A
udits
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
3.
3.2
W
ater
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
3.
3.3
W
ater
Aud
it Pr
oces
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
3.
3.4
W
ater
Bal
ance
Est
imat
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
3.4
W
ater
Man
agem
ent O
ppor
tuni
ties
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
3.4.
1
Avo
idin
g Le
akag
e ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
3.4.
2
Red
ucin
g W
ater
Usa
ge ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
3.4.
3
Reu
sing
Wat
er ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
3.4.
4
Rec
yclin
g W
ater
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
3.5
Fo
rmul
atio
n of
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t Pla
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
3.
6
Impl
emen
tatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
3.
7
Empl
oyee
Par
ticip
atio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
3.7.
1
Ded
icat
ed M
anag
emen
t Tea
m ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
3.
7.2
Fa
cilit
y-w
ide
Part
icip
atio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
3.7.
3
Empl
oyee
Edu
catio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
3.
8
Con
clus
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
4.
Indo
or A
ir Q
ualit
y4.
1 In
trod
uctio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
4.2
Im
port
ance
of I
AQ
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
4.
3
Com
mon
Fac
tors
Aff
ectin
g IA
Q ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
4.
4
IAQ
Cer
tific
atio
n Sc
hem
e ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
4.4.
1
IAQ
Par
amet
ers
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
4.
4.2
Sa
mpl
ing
Con
side
ratio
n an
d C
ompl
ianc
e R
equi
rem
ents
......
......
......
....
4.
4.3
IA
Q A
sses
smen
t Pro
cedu
re ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
4.5
A
ir Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t in
Car
park
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
4.
5.1
D
uctle
ss D
irec
t Axi
al J
et F
ans
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
4.
6
Air
Qua
lity
Man
agem
ent i
n O
ffic
es ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
4.6.
1
Use
of H
igh
Effi
cien
cy A
ir F
ilter
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
4.6.
2
Reg
ular
Mai
nten
ance
of V
entil
atio
n Sy
stem
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
....
4.
6.3
Po
st-c
ertif
icat
ion
Man
agem
ent .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
4.
7
Air
Qua
lity
Man
agem
ent i
n R
esid
entia
l Pre
mis
es ..
......
......
......
......
.....
4.
7.1
R
efus
e C
ham
ber .
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
4.7.
2
Indo
or C
omm
on A
rea.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
4.8
C
oncl
usio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
5.
Was
te M
anag
emen
t5.
1
Intr
oduc
tion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
5.
2.
Maj
or S
ourc
es o
f Was
te ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
5.2.
1
Dom
estic
or C
omm
erci
al T
rade
Was
te ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
5.3
W
aste
from
Rou
tine
Ope
ratio
ns a
nd M
aint
enan
ce ..
......
......
......
......
....
5.
4
Was
te fr
om F
it-ou
ts, D
ecor
atio
n an
d R
enov
atio
n ...
......
......
......
......
....
5.
5
Con
trol
of V
OC
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
5.
6
Prin
cipl
e of
Was
te M
anag
emen
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
5.
6.1
R
educ
tion
of W
aste
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
5.
6.2
R
e-ut
iliza
tion
of W
aste
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
5.
6.3
R
ecyc
ling
of W
aste
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
6.
Lan
dsca
ping
Man
agem
ent
6.1
In
trod
uctio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
6.2
G
reen
ing
the
Bui
lt En
viro
nmen
t ....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
6.
3
Prov
isio
n of
Gre
en R
oofs
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
6.4
La
ndsc
ape
Mai
nten
ance
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
6.
4.1
So
il Te
st ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
6.
4.2
Va
riet
y of
Pla
nts
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
6.4.
3
Mul
chin
g ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
6.
4.4
Ir
riga
tion
Syst
em ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
6.
4.5
Ti
min
g fo
r Fer
tiliz
ing
and
Prun
ing
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
6.
5
Con
trol
and
Mon
itori
ng ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
7.
Leg
isla
tion
s R
elat
ed to
Env
iron
men
tal C
ontr
ol7.
1 In
trod
uctio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
7.
2
Noi
se ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
7.
2.1
N
oise
from
Dom
estic
Pre
mis
es a
nd P
ublic
Pla
ces
......
......
......
......
......
7.
2.2
N
oise
from
Con
stru
ctio
n Si
tes
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
7.
2.3
N
oise
from
Pla
ces
othe
r tha
n D
omes
tic P
rem
ises
, Pub
lic P
lace
s or
Con
stru
ctio
n Si
tes
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
7.
2.4
N
oise
from
Intr
uder
Ala
rm S
yste
ms
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.
2.5
N
oise
from
Noi
sy P
rodu
cts
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
7.
3
Air
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
7.3.
1
Air
Pol
lutio
n A
bate
men
t Not
ice
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.
3.2
Pr
even
tion
of D
isch
arge
of N
oxio
us o
r Off
ensi
ve E
mis
sion
s ...
......
.....
32 32 33 34 35 36 38 43 44 45 46 47 47 48 49 49
64 64 65 66 67 69 71 71 73 74 76 78 79 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 84 84 84 85 86 88 88 90 90 91
51 51 52 52 53 54 55 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 62 63
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
1H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
1.1
Intr
oduc
tion
Hon
g K
ong
(HK
) ha
s a
popu
latio
n of
ove
r se
ven
mill
ion
livin
g in
ab
out 2
.3 m
illio
n do
mes
tic u
nits
with
in a
sm
all a
rea
of o
nly
1,10
4 sq
. km
.1 D
ue to
the
mou
ntai
nous
nat
ure
of th
ese
beau
tiful
isla
nds
whe
reby
hum
an h
abit
atio
n is
mai
nly
scat
tere
d al
ong
the
coas
tal
area
, no
one
wou
ld d
isag
ree
that
HK
is
a de
nsel
y po
pula
ted
city
(Fig
ure
1.1)
.
Figu
re 1
.1
Vie
w o
ver
Hon
g K
ong
Hum
an a
ctiv
ities
con
sum
e va
st a
mou
nts
of n
atur
al r
esou
rces
, suc
h as
w
ater
fo
r dr
inki
ng
and
clea
nsin
g,
coal
fo
r ge
nera
tion
of
elec
tric
ity,
petr
oleu
m
for
tran
spor
tatio
n an
d tim
ber
for
man
ufac
turi
ng o
f va
riou
s en
d pr
oduc
ts i
nclu
ding
pap
er,
furn
iture
, bu
ildin
g fi
nish
es, e
tc.
HK
as
one
of th
e bu
sies
t bus
ines
s ce
ntre
s on
th
e Ea
rth
is n
o di
ffer
ent i
n th
is r
espe
ct.
Unc
ontr
olle
d ex
trac
tion
of
thes
e na
tura
l res
ourc
es s
erio
usly
end
ange
rs o
ur e
cosy
stem
. Add
ing
to t
hese
eff
ects
are
our
dom
estic
act
iviti
es,
such
as
disp
osal
of
dom
estic
w
aste
, ro
utin
e cl
eans
ing
and
mai
nten
ance
ac
tiviti
es,
inte
rior
dec
orat
ion
and
build
ing
reno
vatio
n, a
ll of
whi
ch a
dver
sely
af
fect
the
envi
ronm
ent t
o so
me
exte
nt.
x
7.3.
3
Ren
ovat
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.
3.4
O
pera
tion
of R
esta
uran
ts ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
7.
3.5
Em
erge
ncy
Gen
erat
ors
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.
3.6
A
sbes
tos
Rem
oval
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
7.
4
Wat
er ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.4.
1
Ope
ratio
n of
Res
taur
ants
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
7.4.
2
Ope
ratio
n of
Was
tew
ater
Tre
atm
ent P
lant
.....
......
......
......
......
......
.....
7.
5
Was
te ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.5.
1
Ren
ovat
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
7.5.
2
Ref
use
Col
lect
ion
Act
iviti
es...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
7.
5.3
M
anag
emen
t of W
aste
Col
lect
ion
Con
trac
tors
.....
......
......
......
......
.....
7.
6
Con
clus
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
8.
App
licat
ion
of E
nvir
onm
enta
l Fri
endl
y D
esig
ns8.
1
Intr
oduc
tion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
8.2
G
reen
Roo
fs ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
8.
2.1
Sp
ecif
icat
ions
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
8.2.
2
Inte
nsiv
e an
d Ex
tens
ive
Gre
en R
oofs
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
8.
2.3
A
pplic
atio
n an
d B
enef
its ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
8.
3
Phot
ocat
alys
ts...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
8.3.
1
Phot
ocat
alyt
ic T
iles
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
8.3.
2
Self
-cle
anin
g C
oatin
g ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
8.3.
3
Air
Pol
luta
nt R
emov
al P
aver
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..
8.4
Pe
rmea
ble
Pavi
ng S
yste
ms
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
8.
5
Woo
d Pl
astic
Com
posi
te ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
8.
6
Con
clus
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...
App
endi
x: S
ampl
e W
ater
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n Fo
rms
......
......
.....
Lis
t of A
bbre
viat
ions
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
Dis
clai
mer
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
1C
ivil
Engi
neer
ing
and
Dev
elop
men
t Dep
artm
ent <
http
://w
ww.
cedd
.gov
.hk/
eng/
abou
t/org
anis
atio
n/in
t.htm
>
91 93 94 96 97 97 98 99 99 100
101
102
103
103
103
105
106
107
109
109
109
110
113
114
115
120
122
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
3H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
Rou
tine
clea
nsin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ce
oper
atio
ns
inev
itabl
y us
e ch
emic
als,
suc
h as
cle
anin
g ag
ents
, wax
, pai
nts
and
thin
ner,
whi
ch m
ay
emit
irrita
ting
odou
rs a
nd o
ccas
iona
lly b
e fla
mm
able
. The
se c
hem
ical
s,
parti
cula
rly
thos
e in
oi
l-bas
ed
solv
ents
, co
ntai
n vo
latil
e or
gani
c co
mpo
unds
(V
OC
s),
whi
ch m
ay c
ause
haz
ardo
us e
ffec
t to
the
air
qual
ity.
Unc
ontro
lled
rele
ase
of c
hem
ical
was
te to
our
coa
stal
wat
ers
may
als
o ca
use
dam
age
to m
arin
e lif
e. B
esid
es, o
pera
tion
of c
lean
sing
an
d m
aint
enan
ce e
quip
men
t, lik
e va
cuum
cle
aner
s, g
rinde
rs,
pum
ps,
pow
er d
rills
, exh
aust
fan
s an
d m
echa
nica
l too
ls, g
ener
ates
dus
t, no
ise
and
vibr
atio
n ca
usin
g nu
isan
ce to
our
dai
ly li
fe a
nd le
isur
e.
Bui
ldin
g fa
cilit
ies,
su
ch
as
lifts
, es
cala
tors
, m
echa
nica
l ve
ntila
tion
and
air-
cond
ition
ing
syst
ems,
and
em
erge
ncy
gene
rato
rs, i
f la
ckin
g pr
oper
se
rvic
ing
and
mai
nten
ance
, w
ill a
lso
gene
rate
noi
se a
nd v
ibra
tion,
w
hich
are
det
rimen
tal
to t
he l
ivin
g en
viro
nmen
t, no
t to
men
tion
the
extra
ene
rgy
and
fuel
to c
ompe
nsat
e th
eir d
efic
ient
per
form
ance
.
It is
a c
omm
on p
ract
ice
in H
K th
at h
omeb
uyer
s w
ill c
arry
out
inte
rior
fit-o
uts
and
deco
ratio
n of
the
ir pr
emis
es b
efor
e oc
cupa
tion.
Suc
h ac
tiviti
es w
ill, t
o va
ryin
g ex
tent
s, re
quire
rem
oval
of f
inis
hes o
r fix
ture
s pr
ovid
ed b
y de
velo
pers
. Si
mila
rly, b
uild
ing
reno
vatio
n, in
con
nect
ion
with
bu
ildin
g di
lapi
datio
n,
will
cu
stom
arily
re
quire
st
rippi
ng
off
exis
ting
finis
hes
such
as
pain
ts,
rend
erin
g, t
iles
or w
ater
proo
fing
mat
eria
ls. B
oth
activ
ities
will
giv
e ris
e to
vas
t am
ount
s of
con
stru
ctio
n w
aste
and
, if
not
prop
erly
rec
ycle
d, w
ill a
lso
add
to t
he a
ccou
nt o
f la
ndfil
l. F
urth
erm
ore,
thes
e ac
tiviti
es g
ener
ate
othe
r for
ms o
f pol
lutio
n,
such
as d
ust,
nois
e, o
dour
s, v
olat
ile fu
mes
and
VO
Cs,
whi
ch m
ay c
ause
nu
isan
ce a
nd h
ealth
haz
ards
.
Ther
efor
e, e
nviro
nmen
tal
man
agem
ent
syst
ems
shou
ld b
e ad
opte
d by
pr
oper
ty
man
agem
ent
com
pani
es
to
enab
le
the
afor
emen
tione
d ac
tiviti
es to
be
cont
rolle
d w
ithin
a s
usta
inab
le li
mit.
1.3
E
nvir
onm
enta
l Man
agem
ent
Syst
em
A st
ringe
nt e
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
ass
ists
an
orga
niza
tion
in
achi
evin
g th
e ob
ject
ive
of c
ontro
lling
all
esse
ntia
l env
ironm
enta
l asp
ects
an
d im
pact
s in
con
nect
ion
with
its
daily
and
rout
ine
activ
ities
, pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
es, t
hrou
gh p
lann
ed o
pera
tiona
l and
doc
umen
tary
con
trol
,
2H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
To p
rovi
de a
sus
tain
able
livi
ng e
nviro
nmen
t to
futu
re g
ener
atio
ns, i
t is
thus
cru
cial
to h
ave
an a
ppro
pria
te g
reen
stra
tegy
whi
le o
ccup
ying
our
pr
oper
ties.
To
pro
vide
gui
danc
e on
gre
en p
rope
rty m
anag
emen
t, th
e Pr
oper
ty a
nd F
acili
ty M
anag
emen
t Div
isio
n of
the
Hon
g K
ong
Inst
itute
of
Sur
veyo
rs i
ntro
duce
s th
is G
reen
Pro
perty
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
to
prof
essi
onal
pro
perty
and
faci
lity
man
ager
s as a
refe
renc
e. T
he In
stitu
te
will
not
onl
y co
nfin
e its
reco
mm
enda
tions
on
gree
n m
anag
emen
t at t
he
occu
patio
n st
age
of p
rope
rties
, but
als
o pr
omot
e a
gree
n de
sign
con
cept
th
at p
rofe
ssio
nal p
roje
ct m
anag
ers a
nd a
rchi
tect
s may
mak
e re
fere
nce
in
desi
gnin
g th
eir b
uild
ings
.
1.2
N
eed
for
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent
Trad
ition
ally
, pro
perty
man
agem
ent c
ompa
nies
use
d to
pro
vide
ser
vice
s su
ch a
s se
curit
y, c
lean
sing
, mai
nten
ance
and
fin
anci
al m
anag
emen
t of
the
day-
to-d
ay
oper
atio
n of
pr
oper
ties.
W
hile
aw
aren
ess
on
sust
aina
bilit
y ha
s gr
own
and
gain
ed p
opul
arity
, pr
ofes
sion
al p
rope
rty
and
faci
lity
man
ager
s ar
e al
so
requ
ired
to
prov
ide
valu
e-ad
ded
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t se
rvic
es, s
uch
as r
ecyc
ling,
ene
rgy
savi
ng
and
was
te re
duct
ion,
to th
e pr
oper
ty u
sers
.
Con
side
ring
the
limite
d re
sour
ces
circ
umsc
ribed
by
the
fixed
ann
ual
man
agem
ent b
udge
t, m
ost p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
will
inev
itabl
y pu
t mor
e em
phas
is o
n th
e fo
llow
ing
activ
ities
, whi
ch c
ause
the
mos
t det
rimen
tal
effe
ct to
the
envi
ronm
ent:
(a)
D
aily
refu
se o
r was
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d di
spos
al;
(b)
R
outin
e cl
eans
ing
and
mai
nten
ance
ope
ratio
ns; a
nd(c
)
Fit-o
uts,
dec
orat
ion
and
build
ing
reno
vatio
n.
Ref
use
or w
aste
, es
sent
ially
tho
se c
onta
inin
g fo
od r
emai
ns o
r be
ing
dum
ped,
gen
erat
es u
nple
asan
t od
ours
. R
outin
e co
llect
ions
or
disp
osal
op
erat
ions
, pa
rticu
larly
tho
se t
rans
porte
d by
lar
ge r
efus
e tru
cks
or
conv
eyed
thr
ough
ver
tical
ref
use
chut
es, m
ay g
ener
ate
irrita
ting
nois
e an
d vi
brat
ion.
Drie
d w
aste
as
a re
sult
of p
rodu
ct c
onsu
mpt
ion,
suc
h as
pa
per,
card
boar
d, ti
n ca
ns, p
last
ic b
ottle
s and
ele
ctro
nic
was
te, c
an e
asily
be
rec
ycle
d bu
t, if
they
are
lef
t un
atte
nded
and
mix
ed w
ith d
ampe
d w
aste
, will
eve
ntua
lly in
crea
se th
e bu
rden
of l
andf
ill.
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
5H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
An
orga
niza
tion
impl
emen
ting
ISO
1400
1 E
MS
shal
l for
mul
ate
its
own
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t po
licy,
whi
ch t
allie
s w
ith t
he
ISO
1400
1 re
quir
emen
ts a
nd a
re a
pplic
able
to
its d
aily
act
iviti
es.
The
sen
ior
man
ager
ial
staf
f, w
ho i
s as
sign
ed t
o lo
ok a
fter
the
E
MS,
sha
ll m
onito
r an
d co
ntro
l th
e or
gani
zatio
nal
activ
ities
to
com
ply
with
pol
icy
requ
irem
ents
.
4H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
tow
ards
co
ntin
ual
impr
ovem
ent
of
its
envi
ronm
enta
l pe
rfor
man
ce
targ
ets.
Fo
r in
stan
ce,
the
ISO
(I
nter
natio
nal
Org
aniz
atio
n fo
r St
anda
rdiz
atio
n) 1
4001
Env
ironm
enta
l M
anag
emen
t Sy
stem
(EM
S),
appl
icab
le t
o th
e pr
oper
ty a
nd f
acili
ty m
anag
emen
t se
rvic
es, h
as b
een
wid
ely
adop
ted
by o
rgan
izat
ions
in H
K.
In fa
ct, t
he e
ffec
tiven
ess
of a
n EM
S re
lies
pred
omin
antly
on
the
form
ulat
ion
of a
ful
l set
of
cohe
rent
do
cum
ents
, inc
ludi
ng a
n EM
S m
anua
l, op
erat
ion
proc
edur
es a
nd w
orks
in
stru
ctio
ns a
s re
fere
nces
by
diff
eren
t le
vels
of
inte
rnal
use
rs,
and
cont
aini
ng v
aryi
ng le
vels
of d
etai
ls.
1.3.
1
Env
iron
men
tal p
rote
ctio
n po
licy
Top
man
agem
ent
com
mitm
ent
is t
he k
ey s
ucce
ss f
acto
r of
an
EMS.
C
omm
itmen
t on
one
han
d ca
n be
dem
onst
rate
d by
the
add
ition
al
reso
urce
s pr
ovid
ed to
diff
eren
t int
erna
l dep
artm
ents
as
wel
l as
vary
ing
leve
ls o
f sta
ff:
Enga
gem
ent o
f m
anag
emen
t con
sulta
nts
to c
ondu
ct a
sses
smen
t of
pot
entia
l env
ironm
enta
l asp
ects
and
impa
cts
aris
ing
from
the
rout
ine
prop
erty
man
agem
ent a
ctiv
ities
, and
to d
eriv
e a
prac
tical
en
viro
nmen
tal
plan
an
d ta
rget
s to
co
ntro
l an
d m
easu
re
subs
eque
nt p
erfo
rman
ce;
Enga
gem
ent o
f man
agem
ent c
onsu
ltant
s to
form
ulat
e a
full
set o
f EM
S co
ntro
l doc
umen
ts;
Ass
ignm
ent o
f sen
ior m
anag
eria
l sta
ff w
ith su
ffic
ient
supp
ortin
g hu
man
reso
urce
s to
look
afte
r the
dai
ly o
pera
tion
of th
e EM
S an
d to
rep
ort r
egul
arly
to a
des
igna
ted
inte
rnal
man
agem
ent r
evie
w
com
mitt
ee c
haire
d by
a s
enio
r di
rect
or.
The
com
mitt
ee s
hall
mee
t fre
quen
tly to
revi
ew th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
f the
env
ironm
enta
l pl
an a
nd a
ny p
rese
t tar
gets
;
Ass
ignm
ent o
f an
inte
rnal
aud
it te
am to
con
duct
per
iodi
c au
dits
an
d re
view
s on
the
envi
ronm
enta
l per
form
ance
and
eff
ectiv
enes
s of
the
EMS;
Enga
gem
ent
of a
n ex
tern
al a
ccre
dita
tion
and
audi
t bo
dy t
o sc
rutin
ise
the
EMS
inde
pend
ently
and
regu
larly
; and
is a
ppro
pria
te to
the
natu
re, s
cale
and
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s of
its
act
iviti
es, p
rodu
cts
and
serv
ices
;
incl
udes
a
com
mitm
ent
to
cont
inua
l im
prov
emen
t an
d pr
even
tion
of p
ollu
tion;
incl
udes
a
com
mitm
ent
to
com
ply
with
ap
plic
able
le
gal
requ
irem
ents
an
d w
ith
othe
r re
quire
men
ts
to
whi
ch
the
orga
niza
tion
subs
crib
es
whi
ch
rela
te
to
its
envi
ronm
enta
l as
pect
s;
prov
ides
the
fram
ewor
k fo
r set
ting
and
revi
ewin
g en
viro
nmen
tal
obje
ctiv
es a
nd ta
rget
s;
is d
ocum
ente
d, im
plem
ente
d an
d m
aint
aine
d;
is c
omm
unic
ated
to a
ll pe
rson
s w
orki
ng fo
r or o
n be
half
of th
e or
gani
zatio
n; a
nd
is a
vaila
ble
to th
e pu
blic
.”
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Prov
isio
n of
trai
ning
to a
ll st
aff o
n im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e EM
S an
d ot
her e
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t iss
ues.
Com
mitm
ent o
n th
e ot
her
hand
req
uire
s a
cohe
rent
man
agem
ent p
olic
y pr
ovid
ing
guid
ing
prin
cipl
es fo
r all
empl
oyee
s as
a re
fere
nce.
Acc
ordi
ng
to IS
O14
001:
2004
Sec
tion
4.2,
the
writ
ten
envi
ronm
enta
l pol
icy
requ
ires:
“Top
man
agem
ent s
hall
defin
e th
e or
gani
zatio
n’s
envi
ronm
enta
l pol
icy
and
ensu
re
that
, w
ithin
th
e de
fined
sc
ope
of
its
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
, it
(f)
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
7H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
6
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
1.3.
2 E
nvir
onm
enta
l asp
ect a
nd im
pact
ass
essm
ent
As
a co
ntin
uous
eff
ort f
ollo
win
g th
e in
itial
ass
essm
ent b
y th
e ap
poin
ted
cons
ulta
nt,
prop
erty
m
anag
ers
shal
l fo
rmul
ate
and
impl
emen
t th
e su
bseq
uent
pro
cedu
re to
iden
tify
the
ever
var
ying
env
ironm
enta
l asp
ects
th
at m
ay p
ossi
bly
aris
e fr
om a
n or
gani
zatio
n’s
activ
ities
, pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
es.
Furth
er a
sses
smen
t sh
all
also
be
carr
ied
out
to a
scer
tain
the
ex
tent
of
an
y si
gnifi
cant
im
pact
s of
th
e or
gani
zatio
n’s
activ
ities
, pr
oduc
ts a
nd s
ervi
ces
on th
e en
viro
nmen
t. S
uch
asse
ssm
ent s
hall
at th
e sa
me
time
iden
tify
any
lega
l req
uire
men
ts w
hich
will
be
rela
ted
to th
e en
viro
nmen
tal
aspe
cts,
an
d ho
w
thes
e re
quire
men
ts
can
be
fully
co
mpl
ied
with
. T
here
afte
r, pr
oper
ope
ratin
g an
d w
orki
ng p
roce
dure
s sh
all b
e es
tabl
ishe
d to
gui
de a
ll em
ploy
ees
on c
ontro
lling
the
effe
ct o
f th
ese
envi
ronm
enta
l asp
ects
and
impa
cts.
An
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
as
sess
men
t un
derta
ken
by
a pr
oper
ty
man
agem
ent o
rgan
izat
ion
usua
lly ta
kes
the
follo
win
g st
eps:
1.3.
3
Env
iron
men
tal o
bjec
tives
, tar
gets
and
pro
gram
me
To e
nabl
e an
org
aniz
atio
n to
con
trol e
nviro
nmen
tal a
spec
ts e
ffec
tivel
y an
d fo
r co
ntin
uous
im
prov
emen
t, pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld f
orm
ulat
e en
viro
nmen
tal
obje
ctiv
es
and
targ
ets
in
conn
ectio
n w
ith
vario
us
activ
ities
, pro
duct
s an
d se
rvic
es o
f the
org
aniz
atio
n. T
he o
bjec
tives
and
ta
rget
s sh
all
be
prac
tical
ly
mea
sura
ble
and
cons
iste
nt
with
th
e en
viro
nmen
tal
polic
y.
Taki
ng i
nto
acco
unt
all
lega
l re
quire
men
ts,
prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
con
duct
regu
lar m
onito
ring
and
eval
uatio
n to
as
certa
in w
heth
er o
rgan
izat
iona
l obj
ectiv
es a
nd ta
rget
s ar
e ac
hiev
ed b
y m
eans
of
a pl
anne
d pr
ogra
mm
e of
act
ions
with
in a
rea
sona
ble
time
fram
e. A
dequ
ate
reso
urce
s sh
ould
be
com
mitt
ed b
y th
e to
p m
anag
emen
t to
im
plem
ent
the
prog
ram
me
of
actio
ns
thro
ugh
dele
gatio
n of
re
spon
sibi
lity
to re
spec
tive
staf
f with
in th
e or
gani
zatio
n.
Typi
cal e
nviro
nmen
tal t
arge
ts a
re:
(a)
amou
nt o
f sol
id w
aste
recy
cled
with
in a
spe
cific
per
iod
of ti
me;
(b)
amou
nt o
f ene
rgy
save
d w
ithin
a s
peci
fic p
erio
d of
tim
e;(c
) am
ount
of p
aper
util
ized
with
in a
spe
cific
per
iod
of ti
me;
and
(d)
indo
or a
ir qu
ality
(IA
Q) i
mpr
oved
, suc
h as
am
ount
of c
arbo
n
di
oxid
e (C
O2)
redu
ced,
with
in a
spe
cific
per
iod
of ti
me.
1.4
E
duca
tion
and
Awar
enes
s B
uild
ing
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
an
EMS
shal
l not
mer
ely
be a
n in
tern
al p
roce
dure
of
an o
rgan
izat
ion;
oth
erw
ise
the
awar
enes
s of g
reen
pro
perty
man
agem
ent
will
onl
y be
con
fined
to it
s st
aff u
nila
tera
lly.
To e
nabl
e su
stai
nabl
e an
d co
ntin
uous
suc
cess
of
gree
n pr
oper
ty m
anag
emen
t co
mm
unity
-wid
e,
prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
all
also
dev
ise
a m
echa
nism
to
influ
ence
oth
er
stak
ehol
ders
with
in a
s w
ell a
s ou
tsid
e its
bus
ines
s en
viro
nmen
t. Th
ese
com
mon
sta
keho
lder
s ar
e:(a
) co
ntra
ctor
s an
d su
pplie
rs o
f the
org
aniz
atio
n;(b
) cu
stom
ers
of th
e or
gani
zati
on, i
nclu
ding
bui
ldin
g ow
ners
, oc
cupi
ers
and
visi
tors
; and
(c)
the
com
mun
ity.
Rev
iew
and
ide
ntify
all
rout
ine
oper
atio
nal
activ
ities
whi
ch
gene
rate
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s.
Thes
e ac
tiviti
es m
ay i
nclu
de
ener
gy
cons
umpt
ion,
w
aste
di
spos
al,
mat
eria
l pr
ocur
emen
t, se
wag
e di
scha
rge,
noi
se p
rodu
ctio
n, s
tora
ge o
f che
mic
als,
etc
.;
Con
duct
fie
ld
insp
ectio
ns
and
inve
stig
atio
ns
of
vario
us
prop
ertie
s to
eva
luat
e th
e po
ssib
le e
nviro
nmen
tal
effe
cts
that
m
ay a
rise
from
thes
e ac
tiviti
es;
Rev
iew
all
rele
vant
doc
umen
ts a
nd re
cord
s in
clud
ing
legi
slat
ive
requ
irem
ents
in c
onne
ctio
n w
ith th
ese
activ
ities
;
Hol
d di
scus
sion
s w
ith a
ffec
ted
staf
f; an
d
Form
ulat
e an
env
ironm
enta
l as
pect
s re
cord
sum
mar
y, w
hich
co
difie
s a
list
of
envi
ronm
enta
l as
pect
s an
d th
e lik
ely
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s, c
lass
ifica
tions
, im
porta
nce
ratin
gs a
nd
esse
ntia
l co
ntro
l m
easu
res,
to
min
imiz
e th
e im
pact
of
thes
e as
pect
s.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
9H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
8
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
1.4.
1
Con
trac
tors
and
supp
liers
Rai
sing
the
gre
en a
war
enes
s of
con
tract
ors
and
supp
liers
may
be
the
easi
est w
ay a
mon
g al
l thr
ee g
roup
s of
sta
keho
lder
s.
Bef
ore
incl
usio
n of
con
tract
ors
or s
uppl
iers
ont
o a
tend
erer
lis
t, a
pre-
qual
ifica
tion
exer
cise
sh
ould
be
co
nduc
ted
to
eval
uate
th
eir
com
pete
nce
and
past
env
ironm
enta
l pe
rfor
man
ce.
Acc
redi
tatio
n of
IS
O14
001
certi
ficat
ion
may
be
one
of t
he s
elec
tion
crite
ria,
and
an
achi
evem
ent o
f a g
reen
aw
ard
is to
be
give
n an
ext
ra ra
ting.
Dur
ing
the
subs
eque
nt t
ende
ring
exer
cise
, a
set
of g
reen
pra
ctic
e pr
oced
ures
sho
uld
be a
dded
to th
e te
nder
spe
cific
atio
n so
that
tend
erer
s ar
e aw
are
of
mak
ing
allo
wan
ce
of
any
spec
ial
envi
ronm
enta
l re
quire
men
ts.
Exa
mpl
es o
f th
ese
requ
irem
ents
are
the
util
izat
ion
of
low
-VO
C o
r non
-VO
C p
rodu
cts,
the
prov
isio
n of
hea
lth a
nd sa
fety
tool
s an
d eq
uipm
ent f
or th
eir s
taff
on
hand
ling
chem
ical
s, a
nd th
e op
enin
g of
an
acc
ount
with
the
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Dep
artm
ent (
EPD
) for
the
Con
stru
ctio
n W
aste
Cha
rgin
g Sc
hem
e.
Dur
ing
the
cont
ract
per
iod,
staf
f of t
he c
ontra
ctor
s or s
uppl
iers
shou
ld b
e no
min
ated
to
atte
nd i
n-ho
use
envi
ronm
enta
l aw
aren
ess
train
ing
of t
he
orga
niza
tion.
A p
ract
ice
guid
e an
d on
-the-
job
dem
onst
ratio
ns s
houl
d be
pr
ovid
ed to
thei
r on
-site
sta
ff s
o as
to f
amili
ariz
e th
emse
lves
with
the
daily
ope
ratio
ns.
Whe
neve
r th
ere
is a
ny e
mer
genc
y ev
acua
tion
drill
co
nduc
ted
in a
pro
perty
, suc
h as
a f
ire d
rill,
thei
r st
aff
shou
ld a
lso
be
depl
oyed
to
parti
cipa
te i
n th
e re
hear
sal
to e
nhan
ce t
heir
emer
genc
y pr
epar
edne
ss.
1.4.
2
Cus
tom
ers o
f the
org
aniz
atio
n
For p
rope
rty m
anag
ers,
ther
e ar
e a
num
ber o
f way
s, b
road
ly c
ateg
oriz
ed
as
dire
ct
invo
lvem
ent
and
indi
rect
pa
rtici
patio
n,
to
conv
ey
the
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
mes
sage
to c
usto
mer
s.
Dir
ect
invo
lvem
ent
aim
s to
re
crui
t su
itabl
e an
d en
thus
iast
ic
cust
omer
s sp
arin
g th
eir
own
leis
ure
time
and
will
ingn
ess
to p
rom
ote
envi
ronm
enta
l pr
otec
tion
awar
enes
s an
d to
org
aniz
e gr
een
even
ts.
App
oint
ing
gree
n am
bass
ador
s an
d or
gani
zing
gr
een
desi
gn
com
petit
ions
are
the
tw
o co
mm
on m
etho
ds.
Gre
en a
mba
ssad
ors
assi
st p
rope
rty
man
ager
s as
lea
ders
of
gree
n ev
ents
, su
ch a
s vi
sits
, se
min
ars,
rec
yclin
g pr
ogra
mm
es, h
ikin
g an
d pl
antin
g da
ys, w
here
as
win
ners
of g
reen
des
ign
com
petit
ions
, thr
ough
thei
r ow
n gr
een
desi
gn
conc
epts
, he
lp
prop
erty
m
anag
ers
prom
ote
the
impo
rtan
ce
of
envi
ronm
enta
l pr
otec
tion
and
prom
ulga
te
recy
clin
g an
d w
aste
re
duct
ion.
Indi
rect
par
ticip
atio
n ai
ms
to a
ttrac
t th
ose
less
int
eres
ted
cust
omer
s w
ith
limite
d le
isur
e tim
e to
pa
rtic
ipat
e oc
casi
onal
ly
in
the
envi
ronm
enta
l ac
tiviti
es o
rgan
ized
by
prop
erty
man
ager
s or
gre
en
amba
ssad
ors.
To
aro
use
cust
omer
s’ in
tere
st, p
rope
rty
man
ager
s ca
n m
ake
use
of a
d ho
c en
viro
nmen
tal s
emin
ars,
wor
ksho
ps, e
xhib
ition
s an
d gr
een
com
petit
ions
, lik
e co
mpe
ting
in r
ecyc
ling
quan
tity
amon
g di
ffer
ent b
lock
s of
an
esta
te.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s m
ay a
lso
cons
truc
t pe
rman
ent g
reen
cor
ners
with
in a
des
igna
ted
spac
e of
an
esta
te o
r a
build
ing
to m
ake
avai
labl
e up
date
d en
viro
nmen
tal i
nfor
mat
ion,
suc
h as
rec
ord
phot
os o
f vi
sits
, co
mpe
titio
n an
d le
isur
e ac
tiviti
es o
r in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed re
gula
rly
by th
e EP
D, t
o cu
stom
ers.
If t
here
are
su
rplu
s pl
ante
rs, p
rope
rty
man
ager
s m
ay d
esig
nate
the
pla
nter
s as
a
plan
t nur
sery
so
that
cus
tom
ers
espe
cial
ly c
hild
ren
may
be
trai
ned
to
grow
the
ir o
wn
plan
ts i
n th
is a
rea.
A
ll th
ese
arra
ngem
ents
aim
to
build
up
ne
ighb
ouri
ng
rela
tions
hip
and
sens
e of
be
long
ing
to
resi
dent
s, e
spec
ially
chi
ldre
n w
ho w
ill b
e ed
ucat
ed w
ith a
gre
en a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l car
e cu
lture
.
1.4.
3
Com
mun
ity
Com
mun
icat
ion
of t
he g
reen
mes
sage
to
the
com
mun
ity a
t la
rge
appe
ars
to b
e th
e m
ost
diff
icul
t an
d in
effe
ctiv
e ta
sk r
elat
ive
to t
he
othe
r tw
o gr
oups
of
stak
ehol
ders
. A
lthou
gh p
rope
rty
man
ager
s so
met
imes
fac
e an
out
com
e th
e ef
fect
iven
ess
of w
hich
is
very
di
ffic
ult t
o m
easu
re, s
uch
effo
rt c
anno
t be
save
d an
d m
ust f
orm
par
t of
an
effe
ctiv
e en
viro
nmen
tal p
rogr
amm
e.
11H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
10
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Gre
en p
rogr
amm
es m
ay b
e in
the f
orm
of p
ayin
g pe
riodi
c vis
its to
scho
ols,
colle
ges,
elde
rly h
omes
or
yout
h ce
ntre
s in
the
vic
inity
, an
d th
roug
h fa
ce-to
-fac
e di
scus
sion
s an
d w
orks
hops
, to
prom
ote
the
conc
ept o
f gre
en
prop
erty
man
agem
ent e
spec
ially
to th
e ch
ildre
n an
d yo
uth
in th
e ar
ea.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s m
ay a
lso
prep
are
in a
dvan
ce h
andy
pro
mot
ion
leaf
lets
, vid
eo c
lips
and
new
slet
ters
for
dis
trib
utio
n du
ring
ext
erna
l vi
sits
an
d fo
r in
tern
al
trai
ning
w
orks
hops
.
Bes
ides
, pr
oper
ty
man
ager
s m
ay c
onst
ruct
a g
reen
cor
ner
in i
ts c
orpo
rate
or
esta
te
web
site
so
as t
o su
stai
n co
ntin
ual
awar
enes
s of
gre
en m
anag
emen
t am
ong
the
com
mun
ity.
1.5
Pu
blic
ity a
nd A
chie
vem
ents
Gai
ning
pub
lic re
cogn
ition
acc
eler
ates
the
mom
entu
m o
f occ
upie
rs to
be
com
e m
ore
activ
ely
invo
lved
in
gree
n m
anag
emen
t is
sues
. In
ad
ditio
n, it
pro
vide
s an
ince
ntiv
e to
the
on-s
ite p
rope
rty
man
agem
ent
staf
f to
ded
icat
e si
gnif
ican
t eff
ort t
o en
able
the
gree
n ac
tiviti
es to
be
a su
cces
s. U
ltim
atel
y, b
y ta
king
this
opp
ortu
nity
, the
rep
utat
ion
and
imag
e of
the
pro
pert
y m
anag
emen
t or
gani
zatio
ns w
ill a
lso
be w
ell
esta
blis
hed
thro
ugh
havi
ng g
ood
corp
orat
e gr
een
resp
onsi
bilit
y.
Rai
sing
pub
licity
and
ach
ievi
ng p
ublic
reco
gniti
on is
by
no m
eans
an
easy
ta
sk
and
basi
cally
m
ay
take
tw
o fo
rms;
na
mel
y (a
) a
self
-ass
essm
ent o
f env
iron
men
tal p
erfo
rman
ce a
nd a
n ac
hiev
emen
t of
cert
ific
atio
n by
com
pete
nt e
xter
nal o
rgan
izat
ions
, and
(b) i
nitia
tion
of
envi
ronm
enta
l im
prov
emen
ts a
nd s
ubse
quen
t pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of o
pen
com
petit
ions
and
ach
ieve
men
ts o
f ren
owne
d gr
een
awar
ds.
Wel
l-kn
own
gree
n ce
rtif
icat
ions
fo
r pr
oper
ty
man
agem
ent
orga
niza
tions
in H
K in
clud
e:
(a)
ISO
1400
1 EM
S A
ccre
dita
tion;
(b)
Bui
ldin
g En
viro
nmen
t Ass
essm
ent M
etho
d (B
EAM
Plu
s) o
f
Hon
g K
ong
Gre
en B
uild
ing
Cou
ncil
Acc
redi
ted
Sche
me;
(c)
IAQ
Cer
tific
atio
n Sc
hem
e of
the
EPD
;(d
) Q
ualit
y W
ater
Rec
ogni
tion
Sche
me
for B
uild
ing
of th
e W
ater
Supp
lies
Dep
artm
ent (
WSD
);(e
) G
old
Was
tew
ise
Logo
of t
he E
PD;
Oth
er o
pen
cert
ific
atio
ns c
lose
ly r
elat
ed t
o qu
ality
, en
viro
nmen
tal,
safe
ty a
nd h
ygie
ne m
anag
emen
t are
:
1.6
Con
clus
ion
The
succ
ess
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
im
plem
entin
g gr
een
and
sust
aina
ble
prop
erty
man
agem
ent m
ust s
tart
from
the
desi
gn o
f bu
ildin
g w
ith g
reen
an
d en
ergy
-effi
cien
t fac
ilitie
s, fo
llow
ed w
ith a
doc
umen
ted
and
syst
emat
ic
envi
ronm
enta
l man
agem
ent d
urin
g th
e op
erat
ion
and
mai
nten
ance
sta
ge.
Ow
ners
and
occ
upie
rs s
houl
d be
edu
cate
d w
ith g
reen
cul
ture
and
Ener
gy
Effi
cien
cy
Reg
istr
atio
n Sc
hem
e fo
r B
uild
ing
of
Elec
tric
al a
nd M
echa
nica
l Ser
vice
s D
epar
tmen
t (EM
SD);
and
Sour
ce S
epar
atio
n Pr
ogra
mm
e of
the
EPD
.
(f)
(g)
ISO
900
1 Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
Acc
redi
tatio
n;O
HSA
S 18
001
Occ
upat
iona
l Hea
lth a
nd S
afet
y M
anag
emen
t Sy
stem
Acc
redi
tatio
n;O
ccup
atio
nal
Safe
ty C
hart
er o
f O
ccup
atio
nal
Safe
ty a
nd
Hea
lth C
ounc
il; a
ndW
orkp
lace
H
ygie
ne
Cha
rter
of
O
ccup
atio
nal
Safe
ty
and
Hea
lth C
ounc
il.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Gre
en B
uild
ing
Aw
ard
of t
he P
rofe
ssio
nal
Gre
en B
uild
ing
Cou
ncil;
Bes
t La
ndsc
ape
Aw
ard
of t
he L
eisu
re a
nd C
ultu
ral
Serv
ices
D
epar
tmen
t;H
ong
Kon
g A
war
ds
for
Envi
ronm
enta
l Ex
celle
nce
of
Envi
ronm
enta
l Cam
paig
n C
omm
ittee
;H
ong
Kon
g Aw
ards
for I
ndus
tries
– E
nviro
nmen
tal P
erfo
rman
ce
of th
e B
usin
ess
Envi
ronm
ent C
ounc
il;B
est
Land
scap
ing
LPM
it Fe
atur
es A
war
d of
Geo
tech
nica
l En
gine
erin
g O
ffic
e;A
&D
Tro
phy
Aw
ards
of P
ersp
ectiv
e Lt
d.;
RFP
Out
stan
ding
Off
ice
Spac
e Aw
ards
Asi
a of
RFP
Mag
azin
e;M
IPIM
Asi
a A
war
ds o
f MIP
IMA
SIA
; and
Futu
rArc
Gre
en L
eade
rshi
p A
war
d of
Fut
urA
rc J
ourn
al.
Exam
ples
of g
reen
aw
ard
com
petit
ions
in H
K a
re:
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
13H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
12
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
enco
urag
ed t
o pa
rtic
ipat
e in
the
env
iron
men
tal
prog
ram
mes
whi
le
occu
pyin
g an
d us
ing
the
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s. A
n ac
hiev
emen
t of
publ
ic re
cogn
ition
of t
he e
ffor
t and
ded
icat
ion
of a
pro
pert
y m
anag
er
will
def
inite
ly p
rovi
de a
n ac
cele
rate
d m
omen
tum
for m
ovin
g fo
rwar
d on
gre
en m
anag
emen
t.
2.1
Im
min
ent N
eed
to P
rom
ote
Ene
rgy
Eff
icie
ncy
Glo
bal
war
min
g is
a m
ajor
driv
er t
o re
duce
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion.
D
evel
oped
cou
ntrie
s in
clud
ing
the
US
and
Euro
pean
nat
ions
hav
e co
mm
itted
to re
duce
thei
r car
bon
emis
sion
to m
itiga
te th
e ra
te o
f glo
bal
war
min
g. F
or e
xam
ple,
as
the
coun
try w
ith t
he f
ifth
high
est
GH
G
gene
ratio
n pe
r ca
pita
in 2
010,
2 A
ustra
lia is
com
mitt
ed to
red
uce
25%
an
d 80
% o
f its
GH
G e
mis
sion
com
pare
d w
ith 2
000
leve
ls b
y 20
20 a
nd
2050
re
spec
tivel
y.3
Vario
us
mea
sure
s,
such
as
pr
omot
ing
use
of
rene
wab
le
ener
gy,
impr
ovin
g en
ergy
ef
ficie
ncy
and
enco
urag
ing
gree
ning
, will
be
adop
ted.
In H
K, d
ue to
lack
of
land
and
res
ourc
es to
dev
elop
ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y,
the
gove
rnm
ent
focu
ses
on
redu
cing
el
ectri
city
co
nsum
ptio
n in
bu
ildin
gs, w
hich
acc
ount
s fo
r 90%
of l
ocal
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion.
Und
er
the
HK
3030
Cam
paig
n, i
t ha
s be
en p
ropo
sed
to r
educ
e 30
% o
f th
e el
ectri
city
con
sum
ptio
n of
bui
ldin
gs b
y 20
30 a
s co
mpa
red
to 2
005
leve
l.
Figu
re 2
.1
Typi
cal O
ffic
e B
uild
ing
Ele
ctri
city
Con
sum
ptio
n B
reak
dow
n an
d
Po
tent
ial S
avin
g
2W
orld
Res
ourc
es In
stitu
te, L
ist o
f Cou
ntri
es R
anke
d by
Gre
enho
use-
Gas
Eem
issi
ons
Per
Cap
ita in
201
03
Dep
artm
ent o
f Clim
ate
Cha
nge
and
Ener
gy E
ffic
ienc
y of
Aus
tralia
n G
over
nmen
t, Au
stra
lia’s
Emis
sion
s
Re
duct
ion
Targ
ets
GR
EE
N P
RO
PER
TY
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
CO
NC
EPT
S1
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2
15H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
14
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
By
adop
ting
ener
gy e
ffic
ient
tec
hnol
ogie
s, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
can
achi
eve
sign
ifica
nt sa
ving
in b
uild
ing
ener
gy a
nd h
ence
redu
ce o
pera
ting
cost
s as
illu
stra
ted
in F
igur
e 2.
14 ab
ove.
En
ergy
sav
ing
mea
sure
s on
m
ajor
bui
ldin
g in
stal
latio
ns a
re in
trodu
ced
in th
e fo
llow
ing
sect
ions
.
2.2
Pr
epar
ator
y W
ork
Bef
ore
impl
emen
ting
ener
gy s
avin
g m
easu
res,
reg
iste
red
ener
gy
asse
ssor
s sho
uld
be e
mpl
oyed
to c
ondu
ct a
n en
ergy
aud
it an
d a
carb
on
audi
t fo
r th
e bu
ildin
g.
In 2
012,
the
Bui
ldin
g En
ergy
Eff
icie
ncy
Ord
inan
ce (
BEE
O)
was
ena
cted
req
uiri
ng o
wne
rs o
f co
mm
erci
al
build
ings
to c
arry
out
an
ener
gy a
udit
on th
e fo
ur k
ey ty
pes
of c
entr
al
build
ing
serv
ices
ins
talla
tion,
nam
ely
air-
cond
ition
ing
inst
alla
tion,
lig
htin
g in
stal
latio
n, e
lect
rica
l in
stal
latio
n, a
nd l
ift
and
esca
lato
r in
stal
latio
n, i
n ac
cord
ance
with
the
Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
e fo
r B
uild
ing
Ener
gy A
udit
ever
y 10
yea
rs.5
Bes
ides
, ca
rbon
aud
its s
houl
d be
co
nduc
ted
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e C
arbo
n A
udit
Gui
delin
es is
sued
by
the
EPD
and
EM
SD (F
igur
e 2.
2).6
2.2.
1
Ene
rgy
audi
tA
n en
ergy
aud
it as
sess
es th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
f a b
uild
ing
to e
nsur
e th
at
the
ener
gy
cons
umin
g eq
uipm
ent
or
syst
ems
are
bein
g us
ed
effi
cien
tly.
For e
xist
ing
build
ings
, the
BEE
O h
as e
nact
ed a
sch
edul
e fo
r car
ryin
g ou
t ene
rgy
audi
ts a
s sh
own
in T
able
2.1
.7
Firs
tly, t
he s
cope
of
the
ener
gy a
udit
is d
efin
ed a
nd a
n au
dit t
eam
is
esta
blis
hed
to p
repa
re a
tim
etab
le a
nd a
bud
get f
or th
e ex
erci
se. A
fter
co
llect
ing
the
build
ing
info
rmat
ion,
the
audi
t tea
m w
ill c
ondu
ct s
ite
insp
ectio
ns a
nd m
easu
rem
ents
. La
stly
, the
aud
it te
am w
ill a
naly
se th
e da
ta c
olle
cted
, id
entif
y en
ergy
man
agem
ent
oppo
rtun
ities
(EM
Os)
, es
tabl
ish
the
payb
ack
peri
od o
f di
ffer
ent
EMO
s, a
nd r
ecom
men
d im
prov
emen
t act
ions
and
mea
sure
s.
Acc
ordi
ng to
Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
e fo
r B
uild
ing
Ener
gy A
udit,
the
EMO
s ar
e cl
assi
fied
into
thre
e ca
tego
ries
bas
ed o
n th
eir c
ost a
nd c
ompl
exity
fo
r im
plem
enta
tion:
C
ateg
ory
IH
ouse
keep
ing
mea
sure
s w
ith n
o co
st i
nves
tmen
t an
d w
ithou
t an
y di
srup
tion
to b
uild
ing
oper
atio
ns,
such
as
switc
hing
off
lig
htin
g or
ai
r-co
nditi
oner
s w
hen
not
in u
se a
nd a
djus
ting
chill
ers
oper
atin
g se
t-po
ints
in d
iffer
ent l
oad
cond
ition
s.
Tabl
e 2.
1
7H
KSA
R L
aw, C
ap 6
10, B
uild
ing
Ener
gy E
ffici
ency
Ord
inan
ce
Figu
re 2
.2
Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
e fo
r B
uild
ing
Ene
rgy
Aud
it (L
eft)
and
Gui
delin
es o
n C
arbo
n A
udit
(Rig
ht)
4Th
e H
ong
Kon
g G
reen
Bui
ldin
g C
ounc
il, “
HK
3030
” A
Visi
on fo
r A L
ow C
arbo
n Su
stai
nabl
e Bu
ilt E
nviro
nmen
t
in H
ong
Kon
g by
203
05
EMSD
,Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
e fo
r Bui
ldin
g En
ergy
Aud
it (2
012)
6EP
D &
EM
SD, G
uide
lines
to A
ccou
nt fo
r and
Rep
ort o
n G
reen
hous
e G
as E
mis
sion
s and
Rem
oval
s for
Bui
ldin
gs
(C
omm
erci
al, R
esid
entia
l or I
nstit
utio
nal P
urpo
ses)
in H
ong
Kon
g (2
010)
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
Sche
dule
of F
irst
Ene
rgy
Aud
it fo
r E
xist
ing
Bui
ldin
gR
equi
red
by th
e B
EE
O
17H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
16
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
C
ateg
ory
IIC
hang
es in
ope
ratio
nal m
easu
res
with
low
cos
t inv
estm
ent a
nd m
inor
di
srup
tion
to b
uild
ing
oper
atio
ns,
such
as
repl
acin
g tr
aditi
onal
T8
fluo
resc
ent
tube
s w
ith T
5 fl
uore
scen
t tu
bes
or l
ight
-em
ittin
g di
odes
(L
ED) l
ight
ing.
C
ateg
ory
III
Impr
ovem
ents
with
rela
tivel
y hi
gh c
ost i
nves
tmen
t and
muc
h di
srup
tion
to b
uild
ing
oper
atio
ns, s
uch
as re
plac
ing
chill
ers,
add
ing
varia
ble
spee
d dr
ives
, and
inst
allin
g po
wer
fact
or c
orre
ctio
n eq
uipm
ent.
2.2.
2
Car
bon
audi
t
A c
arbo
n au
dit,
som
etim
es re
ferr
ed to
as
a “c
arbo
n fo
otpr
int”
, mea
sure
s an
d re
cord
s the
am
ount
of G
HG
s em
itted
in a
bui
ldin
g. T
he m
ajor
sour
ce
of G
HG
em
issi
ons
in H
K i
s el
ectri
city
gen
erat
ion.
Th
eref
ore,
by
anal
ysin
g th
e G
HG
em
issi
ons
in a
bui
ldin
g, w
e ca
n fin
d st
rate
gic
mea
ns
to re
duce
ele
ctric
ity c
onsu
mpt
ion.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Car
bon
Aud
it G
uide
lines
, the
CO
2 em
issi
ons
in 2
008
are
deriv
ed a
s fo
llow
s:
Whe
n pr
epar
ing
a ca
rbon
aud
it re
port,
it
is n
eces
sary
to
asce
rtain
the
sc
ope
of w
ork
on p
hysi
cal b
ound
arie
s an
d op
erat
iona
l bou
ndar
ies
of th
e re
port
base
d on
the
con
ditio
n of
the
bui
ldin
g co
ncer
ned
as w
ell
as t
o de
term
ine
the
repo
rting
per
iod,
usu
ally
one
yea
r fo
r th
e ac
coun
ting
cycl
e. T
hen
the
data
and
info
rmat
ion
shou
ld b
e co
llect
ed a
nd a
naly
sed
base
d on
the
GH
G p
erfo
rman
ce a
mon
g th
e th
ree
scop
es b
elow
in
acco
rdan
ce to
the
Car
bon
Aud
it G
uide
lines
.
Sc
ope
1 –
Dir
ect E
mis
sion
s an
d R
emov
als
Dire
ct G
HG
em
issi
ons
from
sou
rces
, suc
h as
gen
erat
ors,
sto
ves
and,
le
akag
e fr
om r
efrig
erat
ion
syst
ems,
and
GH
G r
emov
al f
rom
new
pl
antin
g of
tree
s.
Sc
ope
2 –
Ene
rgy
Indi
rect
Em
issi
ons
Indi
rect
GH
G e
mis
sion
s fro
m th
e ge
nera
tion
of p
urch
ased
ele
ctric
ity a
nd
tow
n ga
s.
Sc
ope
3 –
Oth
er I
ndir
ect E
mis
sion
sIn
dire
ct G
HG
em
issi
ons
othe
r th
an t
hose
und
er S
cope
2,
such
as
elec
trici
ty u
sed
for f
resh
wat
er o
r sew
age
proc
essi
ng b
y ut
ility
com
pani
es.
2.2.
3
Plan
ning
for
ener
gy e
ffic
ienc
y
To d
evel
op a
n ef
fect
ive
ener
gy s
avin
g pl
an, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld
obse
rve
the
follo
win
g:
8H
KSA
R E
MSD
, Ene
rgy
Con
sum
ptio
n In
dica
tors
and
Ben
chm
arks
for
Resi
dent
ial,
Com
mer
cial
and
Tran
spor
t Sec
tors
, < h
ttp://
ecib
.em
sd.g
ov.h
k/tc
/inde
x.ht
m>
0.54
kg a
nd 0
.84k
g fo
r eve
ry k
Wh
cons
umpt
ion
purc
hase
d fr
om
Chi
na L
ight
and
Pow
er C
ompa
ny a
nd H
ong
Kon
g El
ectri
c C
ompa
ny re
spec
tivel
y;
0.42
4kg
for
ever
y m
3 of
fre
sh w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n du
e to
el
ectri
city
use
d fo
r fre
sh w
ater
pro
cess
ing
by th
e W
SD;
0.17
2kg
for
ever
y m
3 of
fres
h w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n du
e to
el
ectri
city
use
d fo
r se
wag
e w
ater
pro
cess
ing
by t
he D
rain
age
Serv
ices
Dep
artm
ent;
and
0.59
3kg
for e
very
uni
t of t
own
gas
purc
hase
d fr
om H
ong
Kon
g an
d C
hina
Gas
Com
pany
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Des
ign
an e
nerg
y sa
ving
pla
n an
d pr
even
tive
mai
nten
ance
pla
n ac
cord
ing
to th
e au
dit f
indi
ngs;
Doc
umen
t the
obt
aine
d in
form
atio
n pr
oper
ly;
Con
duct
per
iodi
c re
view
s on
col
lect
ed d
ata;
Stud
y th
e co
nsum
ptio
n pr
ofile
and
ope
ratio
nal e
ffic
ienc
y;
Com
pare
and
ana
lyse
the
resu
lts y
ear t
o ye
ar;
Ben
chm
ark
agai
nst
othe
r bu
ildin
gs u
sing
the
EM
SD O
nlin
e En
ergy
Con
sum
ptio
n In
dica
tors
;8 and
Out
perf
orm
er to
do
bette
r, un
derp
erfo
rmer
to im
prov
e.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
19H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
18
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
2.3
E
nerg
y Sa
ving
in B
uild
ing
Ope
ratio
ns
In m
oder
n bu
ildin
gs,
elec
trica
l an
d m
echa
nica
l (E
&M
) in
stal
latio
ns,
such
as
air
cond
ition
ing,
lig
htin
g, l
ifts
and
esca
lato
rs,
and
elec
trica
l eq
uipm
ent
and
appl
ianc
es,
attri
bute
th
e va
st
maj
ority
of
en
ergy
co
nsum
ptio
n of
bui
ldin
g op
erat
ions
. C
onse
quen
tly, w
e sh
ould
focu
s on
the
ener
gy s
avin
g m
easu
res
appl
icab
le to
E&
M in
stal
latio
ns.
In O
ctob
er 1
998,
the
EM
SD b
egan
pro
mot
ing
the
appl
icat
ion
of t
he
Bui
ldin
g En
ergy
Cod
e (B
EC) a
nd is
sued
four
set
s of
Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
es
for
Ligh
ting,
Air
Con
ditio
ning
, El
ectri
cal,
and
Lift
and
Esca
lato
r In
stal
latio
ns,
whi
ch
stip
ulat
e th
e m
inim
um
ener
gy
perf
orm
ance
st
anda
rds o
f the
se in
stal
latio
ns.
In A
pril
2003
, the
EM
SD la
unch
ed th
e fif
th c
ode,
the
per
form
ance
-bas
ed B
EC,
whi
ch f
ocus
es o
n th
e to
tal
ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
in a
bui
ldin
g as
com
pare
d to
its
ener
gy b
udge
t.
Und
er t
he B
EC 2
012,
the
EM
SD c
onso
lidat
ed a
nd i
ssue
d th
e la
test
C
ode
of
Prac
tice
for
Ener
gy
Effic
ienc
y of
B
uild
ing
Serv
ices
In
stal
latio
n to
fur
ther
tig
hten
the
req
uire
men
ts f
or b
uild
ing
ener
gy
perf
orm
ance
(Fi
gure
2.3
bel
ow).
The
BEE
O a
lso
man
date
s al
l bu
ildin
gs c
ompl
eted
on
or a
fter
21 S
epte
mbe
r 20
12 a
nd a
ny m
ajor
re
trofit
ting
wor
ks c
over
ing
an in
tern
al fl
oor a
rea
not l
ess t
han
500m
2 to
com
ply
with
the
desi
gn s
tand
ards
stip
ulat
ed in
the
late
st B
EC.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
BEE
O a
nd B
EC, e
ffec
tive
ener
gy sa
ving
mea
sure
s for
E&
M i
nsta
llatio
ns i
n ne
w b
uild
ings
and
in
exis
ting
build
ings
can
be
iden
tifie
d, a
nd a
re e
labo
rate
d in
the
subs
eque
nt s
ectio
ns.
2.3.
1
Lig
htin
g in
stal
latio
ns
Ligh
ting
inst
alla
tions
acc
ount
for
aro
und
27%
of
the
tota
l en
ergy
co
nsum
ptio
n in
bui
ldin
gs.
The
BEC
stip
ulat
es t
he f
ollo
win
g en
ergy
sa
ving
mea
sure
s:
9C
IBSE
, The
Soc
iety
of L
ight
and
Lig
htin
g (S
LL) (
2012
), Th
e SL
L C
ode
for L
ight
ing
Avo
id o
ver-
illum
inat
ion.
The
Cha
rtere
d In
stitu
tion
of B
uild
ing
Serv
ices
Eng
inee
rs (
CIB
SE)
has
esta
blis
hed
a se
t of
guid
elin
es
on th
e re
com
men
ded
illum
inan
ce le
vel i
n lu
x at
diff
eren
t are
as in
bu
ildin
gs w
ith d
iffer
ent p
urpo
ses o
f use
, for
exa
mpl
e, 5
00 lu
x fo
r ge
nera
l off
ices
and
300
lux
for g
ener
al o
ffic
es in
corp
orat
ed w
ith
task
ligh
ting;
9
Use
hig
h ef
ficie
ncy
light
ing,
suc
h as
LED
and
T5
flore
scen
t lig
htin
g w
ith e
lect
roni
c ba
llast
s, w
hich
hav
e lo
wer
ele
ctric
ity
cons
umpt
ion
with
the
sam
e lu
min
ance
out
put
and
bette
r he
at
diss
ipat
ion
resu
lting
in
le
ss
air
cond
ition
ing
load
ing.
In
addi
tion,
LED
lig
htin
g re
quire
s lit
tle m
aint
enan
ce a
nd i
ts l
ife
expe
ctan
cy is
com
para
tivel
y lo
nger
. Th
e af
ores
aid
light
ing
may
be
use
d fo
r the
gen
eral
ligh
ting
at o
ffic
es a
nd c
ar-p
arks
, ext
erio
r de
cora
tive
light
ing,
exi
t sig
n bo
ards
at e
xit r
oute
s, a
nd th
e lik
e;
(a)
(b)
Figu
re 2
.3
Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
e fo
r E
nerg
y E
ffic
ienc
y of
Bui
ldin
g Se
rvic
es I
nsta
llatio
n
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
2.3.
2
Hea
ting,
ven
tilat
ion
and
air
cond
ition
ing
inst
alla
tions
A t
ypic
al o
ffic
e bu
ildin
g co
nsum
es a
roun
d 50
% o
f en
ergy
on
its
heat
ing,
ven
tilat
ion
and
air
cond
ition
ing
(HVA
C)
syst
em.
To r
educ
e en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
n by
HVA
C in
stal
latio
ns, t
he fo
llow
ing
mea
sure
s, a
s su
gges
ted
in th
e B
EC, s
houl
d be
ado
pted
:
10H
KSA
R EM
SD, C
ode o
f Pra
ctic
e on
Ener
gy L
abel
ling
of P
rodu
ct (O
ctob
er 2
014)
Use
tim
e or
pho
toce
ll sw
itche
s to
con
trol t
he o
pera
ting
time
oflig
htin
g, e
spec
ially
ext
erio
r lig
htin
g;
Use
mot
ion
dete
ctor
s to
con
trol t
he li
ghtin
g at
loca
tions
whe
relig
htin
g us
age
is in
freq
uent
, suc
h as
bac
k co
rrid
ors
and
lift
lobb
ies
(Fig
ure
2.4)
;
(c)
(d)
Ado
pt n
atur
al l
ight
by
oper
atin
g th
e lig
htin
g co
ntro
ls t
o sw
itch
off t
he li
ghtin
g fi
xtur
es n
ear e
xter
nal g
lass
pan
es o
r at
light
wel
ls d
urin
g da
ytim
e;
Switc
h of
f any
ligh
ting
whe
n no
t in
use;
and
Use
co
mpa
ct
fluo
resc
ent
light
ing
unde
r th
e M
anda
tory
En
ergy
Eff
icie
ncy
Labe
lling
Sch
eme
(MEE
LS) i
n ac
cord
ance
w
ith
the
Ener
gy
Effi
cien
cy
(Lab
ellin
g of
Pr
oduc
ts)
Ord
inan
ce, C
ap. 5
98 (F
igur
e 2.
5).10
(e)
(f)
(g)
Use
w
ater
co
oled
ch
iller
s, if
feas
ible
, fo
r ce
ntra
lized
ai
r co
nditi
onin
g sy
stem
s. T
he e
ffici
ency
of
a w
ater
coo
led
chill
er
(coe
ffici
ent o
f per
form
ance
of a
bout
5.7
) is
muc
h hi
gher
than
that
of
an
air
cool
ed c
hille
r (c
oeffi
cien
t of
perfo
rman
ce o
f ab
out 3
.0)
(Fig
ures
2.6
and
2.7
). In
oth
er w
ords
, the
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
of
wat
er c
oole
d ch
iller
s to
yiel
d th
e sa
me
cool
ing
load
ing
will
be
less
;
Use
var
iabl
e re
frige
rant
vol
ume
(VRV
) sy
stem
s fo
r lo
caliz
ed a
ir co
nditi
onin
g sy
stem
s in
com
pact
are
as (
Figu
re 2
.8).
A
VRV
sy
stem
is v
ery
flexi
ble
in o
pera
tion
with
diff
eren
t usa
ge p
atte
rns,
(a)
(b)
21H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
20
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 2
.4
Mot
ion
Sens
or
Figu
re 2
.5
Cod
e of
Pra
ctic
e on
Ene
rgy
Lab
ellin
g of
Pro
duct
s
Figu
re 2
.6
Wat
er-c
oole
d C
hille
r
Figu
re 2
.7
Coo
ling
Tow
er
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
2.3.
3
Ele
ctri
cal a
pplia
nces
Elec
trica
l ap
plia
nces
ge
nera
lly
cons
ume
arou
nd
12%
th
e en
ergy
co
nsum
ptio
n in
a b
uild
ing.
To
redu
ce e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n by
ele
ctric
al
appl
ianc
es,
the
follo
win
g m
easu
res,
as
give
n in
the
BEC
, sh
ould
be
adop
ted:
11
DA
IKIN
< h
ttp://
ww
w.d
aiki
n.co
m.h
k/tc
/pro
duct
s/V
RV_X
_sys
tem
_lis
t.php
>12
C
CC
ME
<http
://w
ww
.ccc
me.
org.
cn/p
rodu
cts/
deta
il-49
1968
5.as
px#>
13
CIB
SE, G
uide
A: E
nvir
onm
enta
l Des
ign
(200
6)
espe
cial
ly f
or p
art
load
con
ditio
ns.
Pre
cise
lev
el c
ontro
l ca
n re
act
to t
he e
xact
con
ditio
n in
eac
h ro
om.
Ind
ivid
ual
cont
rol
prom
otes
an
econ
omic
al a
nd e
ffic
ient
syst
em, a
nd m
inim
izes
the
elec
trici
ty c
onsu
mpt
ion;
Use
he
at
pum
ps
for
cent
raliz
ed
hot
wat
er
syst
ems
or
tem
pera
ture
re
gula
ted
swim
min
g po
ols.
Th
e el
ectr
icity
co
nsum
ptio
n of
a h
eat
pum
p is
muc
h lo
wer
tha
n th
at o
f an
el
ectr
ical
boi
ler
whe
n pr
ovid
ing
the
sam
e he
at lo
ad c
apac
ity
(Fig
ure
2.9)
. Th
e by
-pro
duct
of
a he
at p
ump,
i.e.
col
d w
ater
, ca
n be
use
d in
the
chill
ed w
ater
sys
tem
of
a ch
iller
sys
tem
to
enha
nce
the
heat
exc
hang
e ef
fici
ency
;
Cle
an f
ilter
s, f
ans
and
coils
per
iodi
cally
to
optim
ize
the
effi
cien
cy o
f the
equ
ipm
ent;
(c)
Adj
ust
the
cool
ing
setp
oint
tem
pera
ture
at
ther
mos
tats
or
build
ing
man
agem
ent
syst
ems
(BM
Ss)
to e
nsur
e sp
aces
are
no
t ov
erco
oled
av
oidi
ng
exce
ssiv
e en
ergy
co
nsum
ptio
n (F
igur
e 2.
10 a
nd T
able
2.2
);
(e)
Switc
h of
f air
con
ditio
ning
uni
ts w
hen
not i
n us
e; a
nd
Use
room
air
cond
ition
ers
certi
fied
unde
r the
EM
SD’s
MEE
LS.
(f)
(g)
(d)
23H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
22
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 2
.8
VR
V S
yste
m11
Figu
re 2
.9
Hea
t Pum
p12
Figu
re 2
.10
The
rmos
tat C
ontr
ol
Tabl
e 2.
2 Rec
omm
ende
d C
omfo
rt C
rite
ria
from
CIB
SE13
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
2.3.
4
Lift
and
esc
alat
or s
ervi
ces
The
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
of li
ft an
d es
cala
tor s
ervi
ces c
onst
itute
s abo
ut 7
%
of b
uild
ing
ener
gy u
se.
To re
duce
the
cons
umpt
ion,
the
follo
win
g en
ergy
sa
ving
mea
sure
s, as
sugg
este
d in
the
BEC
, sho
uld
be im
plem
ente
d:
Switc
h of
f app
lianc
es o
r equ
ipm
ent w
hen
not i
n us
e;
Ensu
re l
oad
bala
nce
amon
g th
ree
phas
es b
y m
onito
ring
at t
he
mai
n sw
itch
boar
d or
mea
surin
g by
por
tabl
e po
wer
ana
lyse
rs
(Fig
ure
2.11
);
Use
sof
t sta
rtin
g m
echa
nism
, suc
h as
var
iabl
e sp
eed
driv
es fo
r m
otor
s, to
avo
id la
rge
star
ting
curr
ent;
and
(a)
(b)
Use
var
iabl
e vo
ltage
var
iabl
e fr
eque
ncy
driv
es o
r dire
ct c
urre
nt
mot
ors
for t
he d
rive
syst
em o
f lift
s an
d es
cala
tors
to a
void
larg
e st
artin
g cu
rren
t;
App
ly
a m
odifi
ed
coun
ter-
wei
ght
syst
em
to
redu
ce
the
unne
cess
ary
wei
ghts
to y
ield
the
bala
nce
betw
een
a lif
t car
and
its
cou
nter
-wei
ght;
Use
an
elec
tric
dri
ve w
ith a
re-
gene
rato
r to
tra
nsfo
rm t
he
kine
tic e
nerg
y to
ele
ctri
city
whe
n a
lift
car
is m
ovin
g.
The
elec
tric
ity g
ener
ated
cou
ld b
e fe
d in
to th
e bu
ildin
g el
ectr
icity
di
stri
butio
n sy
stem
;
To s
ave
trave
lling
tim
e an
d en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
n fo
r lif
t ca
rs t
o re
ach
the
top
floor
s, ad
just
som
e of
the
lift
car
s to
par
k at
m
id-le
vels
of a
bui
ldin
g af
ter a
cer
tain
idle
tim
e at
off-
peak
hou
rs;
Use
mot
ion
dete
ctor
s to
switc
h of
f ven
tilat
ion
fans
and
por
tions
of
light
ing
afte
r a li
ft ha
s idl
ed fo
r a sp
ecifi
c du
ratio
n;
Use
mot
ion
dete
ctor
s to
sta
rt an
d st
op a
n es
cala
tor d
epen
ding
on
whe
ther
ther
e is
any
peo
ple
ridin
g on
it a
nd it
has
bee
n id
le fo
r a
spec
ific
dura
tion;
and
Switc
h of
f som
e of
the
lifts
and
esc
alat
ors d
urin
g of
f-pe
ak h
ours
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Inst
all h
arm
onic
filte
rs to
enh
ance
the
pow
er q
ualit
y;
Inst
all
capa
cito
r ba
nks
to a
chie
ve a
bet
ter
pow
er f
acto
r to
en
hanc
e th
e ef
ficie
ncy
(Fig
ure
2.12
);
(c)
(d)
Use
ele
ctri
cal a
pplia
nces
with
Gra
de 1
ene
rgy
labe
ls u
nder
the
EMSD
’s M
EELS
.(f
)
(e)
25H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
24
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 2
.12
Cap
acit
or B
ank
Figu
re 2
.11
Po
rtab
le P
ower
Ana
lyse
rs
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
2.4
C
oncl
usio
n
To a
chie
ve e
ffect
ive
ener
gy s
avin
g, a
n en
ergy
aud
it an
d a
carb
on a
udit
shou
ld b
e con
duct
ed to
anal
yse t
he cu
rren
t con
sum
ptio
n an
d to
iden
tify
the
targ
et a
reas
for i
mpr
ovem
ent.
Bas
ed o
n th
e fin
ding
s, pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld
esta
blis
h an
en
ergy
sa
ving
pl
an,
impl
emen
t it,
re
view
th
e im
plem
enta
tion,
and
ben
chm
ark
the
perf
orm
ance
of
the
build
ing
agai
nst
the b
est p
erfo
rmer
s per
iodi
cally
. The
se ex
erci
ses s
houl
d be
carr
ied
out d
ay
by d
ay a
nd y
ear o
n ye
ar in
ord
er to
yie
ld si
gnifi
cant
ene
rgy
savi
ngs.
To
impl
emen
t an
en
ergy
sa
ving
pl
an
smoo
thly
an
d to
ac
hiev
e ex
celle
nce,
the
conc
ept,
need
s an
d be
nefit
s of
ene
rgy
savi
ng s
houl
d be
re
laye
d to
bot
h la
ndlo
rds
and
tena
nts.
All
parti
cipa
nts
shou
ld b
e w
ell
info
rmed
to d
eliv
er th
e be
st re
sults
.
Ther
e ar
e lim
itatio
ns i
n im
plem
entin
g en
ergy
sav
ing
prog
ram
mes
in
build
ings
with
out e
nerg
y sa
ving
des
ign
feat
ures
. In
thes
e ca
ses,
prop
erty
m
anag
ers
may
nee
d to
spe
nd m
oney
to
enha
nce
the
syst
em d
esig
n to
ac
hiev
e sig
nific
ant e
nerg
y sa
ving
s. O
n oc
casi
ons,
the p
ayba
ck p
erio
d m
ay
be d
eem
ed to
o lo
ng a
nd th
e la
ndlo
rd m
ay n
ot b
e w
illin
g to
und
erta
ke th
e en
hanc
emen
t. T
here
fore
, it i
s pr
efer
able
to in
corp
orat
e en
ergy
eff
icie
nt
desi
gns d
urin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n pe
riod.
In
fact
, thi
s pra
ctic
e is
bec
omin
g m
ore
com
mon
due
to th
e tig
hten
ing
of r
egul
atio
ns a
nd th
e ad
optio
n of
ce
rtific
atio
n pr
oces
ses s
uch
as B
EAM
Plu
s (Fi
gure
2.1
3).
14
Hon
g K
ong
Gre
en B
uild
ing
Cou
ncil,
BEA
M P
lus
for
Exis
ting
Build
ings
(Ver
sion
1.2
)(20
12)
Figu
re 2
.13
HK
GB
C B
eam
Plu
s E
xist
ing
Bui
ldin
gs (v
.1.2
)
A n
ew v
ersi
on o
f BEA
M P
lus
for E
xist
ing
Bui
ldin
gs (V
ersi
on 1
.2) w
as
intro
duce
d in
Jan
uary
201
3.14
Thi
s pr
ovid
es a
n ef
fect
ive
eval
uatio
n of
th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
f bui
ldin
gs a
nd se
rvic
es sy
stem
des
ign
to h
elp
redu
ce
the
ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
of e
xist
ing
build
ings
.
27H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
26
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
EN
ER
GY
SAV
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
2E
NE
RG
Y S
AVIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T2
3.1
In
trod
uctio
n
Wat
er m
anag
emen
t is o
ften
over
look
ed d
ue to
its r
eadi
ness
and
relia
bilit
y.
How
ever
, th
e en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
n as
soci
ated
with
wat
er t
reat
men
t an
d w
ater
hea
ting
is n
otab
le.
In fa
ct, t
he W
SD is
one
of t
he la
rges
t ele
ctric
ity
user
s in
HK
. F
urth
erm
ore,
rai
nfal
l in
HK
is
insu
ffici
ent
to m
eet
the
dem
and
and
thus
HK
relie
s hea
vily
on
wat
er im
porte
d fr
om th
e D
ongj
iang
R
iver
in
neig
hbou
ring
Gua
ngdo
ng P
rovi
nce
(Fig
ures
3.1
and
3.2
). Th
e W
SD a
ntic
ipat
es f
urth
er g
row
th i
n w
ater
dem
and
if w
e m
aint
ain
our
cons
umpt
ion
patte
rn.
Ther
efor
e,
an
effe
ctiv
e w
ater
co
nser
vatio
n pr
ogra
mm
e is
im
porta
nt a
nd w
ill d
emon
stra
te o
ur c
orpo
rate
soc
ial
and
envi
ronm
enta
l res
pons
ibili
ty w
hils
t sav
ing
mon
ey.
3.2
W
ater
Man
agem
ent P
rinc
iple
s
Dev
elop
ing
a w
ater
man
agem
ent p
lan
is a
logi
cal,
step
-by-
step
pro
cess
, in
volv
ing
mor
e th
an ju
st c
ondu
ctin
g a
cost
-ben
efit
anal
ysis
and
pre
parin
g a
repo
rt.
To b
e su
cces
sful
, a
wat
er m
anag
emen
t pl
an s
houl
d no
t on
ly
cons
ider
the
tech
nica
l sid
e, s
uch
as in
stal
ling
effic
ient
plu
mbi
ng fi
xtur
es,
but a
lso
the
hum
an s
ide,
suc
h as
cha
ngin
g us
ers’
long
-sta
ndin
g op
erat
ing
proc
edur
es a
nd w
ater
usi
ng h
abits
. Pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers a
lso
need
to lo
ok a
t m
anag
ing
wat
er u
se so
that
they
com
ply
with
the l
aws,
mak
e cos
t-effe
ctiv
e de
cisi
ons,
docu
men
t th
eir
savi
ngs
and
obse
rve
the
follo
win
g pr
inci
ples
ac
cord
ing
to th
e w
ater
man
agem
ent h
iera
rchy
in F
igur
e 3.
3:
(a)
Avoi
d le
akag
e;(b
) R
educ
e th
e am
ount
of w
ater
use
d by
equ
ipm
ent o
r pro
cess
es, e
.g.
us
ing
ultra
low
-flo
w to
ilets
and
aut
omat
ic sh
ut-o
ff fa
ucet
s;
15
Su L
iu (J
uly
2013
), “O
ne C
ount
ry, T
wo
Syst
ems”
, Hon
g K
ong’
s W
ater
Res
ourc
es M
anag
emen
t16
W
ater
Sup
plie
s D
epar
tmen
t (20
08),
Tota
l Wat
er M
anag
emen
t
29H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
28
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 3
.1
HK
Ann
ual R
ainf
all a
nd A
mou
nt o
f Wat
er C
olle
cted
15
Figu
re 3
.2
WSD
For
ecas
t on
Wat
er D
eman
d16
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
(c)
Reu
se w
ater
for o
ther
use
s, e
.g. s
tori
ng d
rain
-off
wat
er d
ue to
wat
er ta
nk c
lean
ing
for f
utur
e us
e; a
nd(d
) R
ecyc
le w
ater
for
oth
er u
ses
afte
r tr
eatm
ent,
e.g.
gre
y w
ater
recy
clin
g.
Wat
er u
se d
oes
not
exis
t in
a v
acuu
m.
Con
serv
ing
wat
er w
ithin
a
build
ing
also
aff
ects
oth
er b
uild
ing
syst
ems.
Typ
ical
exa
mpl
es a
re:
(a)
redu
ctio
n in
hot
wat
er u
sage
red
uces
ene
rgy
use;
(b)
redu
cing
air
con
ditio
ning
use
, thr
ough
ene
rgy
cons
erva
tion,
trim
s th
e w
ater
use
ass
ocia
ted
with
coo
ling;
(c)
wat
er c
onse
rvat
ion
redu
ces
was
tew
ater
flo
ws;
and
(d)
redu
ctio
n in
wat
er u
se a
nd w
aste
wat
er r
educ
es th
e vo
lum
e
of w
aste
wat
er g
oing
to w
aste
wat
er tr
eatm
ent p
lant
s.
3.3
W
ater
Man
agem
ent P
lann
ing
Alth
ough
dev
elop
ing
a w
ater
man
agem
ent p
lan
may
be
time-
cons
umin
g fo
r pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers,
it
enha
nces
the
ir un
ders
tand
ing
of w
here
and
ho
w
muc
h w
ater
is
us
ed
thro
ugho
ut
the
faci
lity,
w
here
be
st
to
impl
emen
t con
serv
atio
n ef
forts
, and
wha
t ben
efits
can
be
expe
cted
from
im
plem
enta
tion
of
the
man
agem
ent a
ctio
ns.
The
goa
ls s
houl
d be
expr
esse
d in
term
s of
per
cent
age
or v
olum
e of
wat
er s
aved
, inc
ludi
ng
date
s fo
r w
hen
the
goal
s w
ill b
e ac
hiev
ed.
Fig
ure
3.4
illus
trat
es a
ro
adm
ap fo
r the
wat
er m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s:
31H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
30
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 3
.3
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t Hie
rarc
hy
Figu
re 3
.4
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t Pla
nnin
g
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
3.3.
1
Purp
ose
and
scop
e of
wat
er a
udits
A w
ater
aud
it pr
ovid
es a
bet
ter
unde
rsta
ndin
g on
how
the
wat
er i
s co
nsum
ed
and
faci
litat
es
iden
tific
atio
n of
w
ater
m
anag
emen
t op
port
uniti
es fo
r pro
pert
y m
anag
ers.
The
re is
no
stan
dard
for w
ater
au
dit c
urre
ntly
. H
owev
er, B
EAM
Plu
s v1
.2 f
or E
xist
ing
Bui
ldin
gs
Wat
er U
se 5
pro
vide
s a
gene
ral
requ
irem
ent
on p
rodu
cing
a w
ater
au
dit,
nam
ely;
3.3.
3
Wat
er a
udit
proc
ess
The
exte
nt o
f a w
ater
aud
it w
ill d
epen
d up
on th
e si
ze o
f the
bui
ldin
g,
the
com
plex
ity o
f its
sys
tem
s, a
nd t
he a
udit
budg
et.
The
follo
win
g st
eps
shou
ld b
e pe
rfor
med
whi
le re
cord
ing
the
info
rmat
ion:
3.3.
2
Wat
er d
ata
colle
ctio
n
Bef
ore
star
ting
the
wat
er
use
surv
ey,
colle
ct
all
the
exis
ting
info
rmat
ion.
Thi
s w
ill s
ave
time
duri
ng th
e su
rvey
. Th
e pe
rson
nel
who
are
fam
iliar
with
the
daily
ope
ratio
ns c
an b
e ve
ry h
elpf
ul.
The
info
rmat
ion
to b
e co
llect
ed in
clud
es:
“The
repo
rt s
hall
incl
ude
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
reco
rds,
ope
ratio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce re
cord
s, e
tc. f
or a
ll ar
eas o
f wat
er u
se, b
ut m
ay
excl
ude
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
by te
nant
s. T
he re
port
sha
ll in
clud
e a
spre
adsh
eet l
istin
g ea
ch w
ater
-usi
ng fi
xtur
e an
d en
d us
e da
ta,
such
as:
-
Freq
uenc
y of
floo
r cl
eani
ng a
nd w
ater
vol
ume
per
use;
-
Freq
uenc
y of
gar
den
irri
gatio
n an
d w
ater
vol
ume
per
use;
- F
requ
ency
, dur
atio
n an
d w
ater
vol
ume
per
use
of e
ach
fixtu
re
i
n ki
tche
ns a
nd la
undr
y; a
nd-
Fre
quen
cy o
f mal
e an
d fe
mal
e da
ily u
ses
of th
e w
ater
-usi
ng
f
ixtu
re, d
urat
ion
per
use,
and
wat
er v
olum
e pe
r us
e.”
33H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
32
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
build
ing
floor
pla
ns a
nd a
list
of w
ater
met
ers;
wat
er a
nd s
ewer
bill
s fo
r the
last
thre
e ye
ars,
if a
vaila
ble;
sub-
met
er
cons
umpt
ion
data
fo
r th
ree
year
s, if
avai
labl
e.
Irrig
atio
n an
d cl
eans
ing
wat
er a
re n
orm
ally
indi
vidu
ally
met
ered
;fa
cilit
y op
erat
ing,
mai
nten
ance
and
jani
toria
l wor
k sc
hedu
les,
and
faci
lity
occu
pant
s an
d vi
sito
rs s
ched
ules
;lis
ts
of
all
wat
er
usin
g eq
uipm
ent
with
m
anuf
actu
rers
' re
com
men
ded
or s
peci
fied
flow
rate
s, w
hich
ever
ava
ilabl
e;a
com
plet
e in
vent
ory
of p
lum
bing
fixt
ures
with
det
ails
of w
ater
ef
ficie
ncy
labe
lling
;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Com
pare
and
iden
tify
the
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
of la
st 3
6 m
onth
s th
roug
h w
ater
bill
s re
cord
s to
obs
erve
the
wat
er u
sage
pat
tern
an
d tre
nd;
Wal
k th
roug
h th
e fa
cilit
y, a
nd t
hrou
gh d
irect
obs
erva
tion,
id
entif
y an
d lis
t any
wat
er-u
sing
fix
ture
s in
clud
ing
wat
er-u
sing
pr
oces
s eq
uipm
ent,
cool
ing
tow
ers,
boi
lers
, ice
mac
hine
s, e
tc.;
Det
erm
ine
and
log
the
amou
nt o
f w
ater
use
d by
eac
h ty
pe o
f pl
umbi
ng fi
xtur
e or
dev
ice
with
in th
e fa
cilit
y. I
f the
flow
rate
of
fixtu
re is
not
rea
dily
ava
ilabl
e, a
buc
ket c
an b
e us
ed to
col
lect
w
ater
for a
def
ined
tim
e pe
riod,
e.g
. 60
seco
nds.
By
mea
surin
g th
e vo
lum
e of
wat
er c
olle
cted
and
div
idin
g by
the
tim
e fo
r co
llect
ion,
the
flow
rate
can
be
calc
ulat
ed a
s fo
llow
s:
Inst
all
tem
pora
ry w
ater
met
ers
to g
auge
wat
er u
sage
by
larg
e w
ater
-usi
ng e
quip
men
t, e.
g. c
oolin
g to
wer
, w
here
ver
poss
ible
. C
heck
whe
ther
its
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
rate
is h
ighe
r th
an r
ated
un
nece
ssar
ily;
Rec
ord
oper
atin
g ho
urs
for e
ach
wat
er c
onsu
min
g ac
tivity
suc
h as
irrig
atio
n;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
any
prio
r wat
er a
nd e
nerg
y su
rvey
resu
lts; a
ndsu
bmis
sion
det
ails
of
the
WSD
’s Q
ualit
y W
ater
Rec
ogni
tion
Sche
me
for B
uild
ings
, if a
pplic
able
.
(g)
(h)
Sam
ple
wat
er d
ata
colle
ctio
n fo
rms
are
incl
uded
in A
ppen
dix.
Fixt
ure
Flow
Rat
e (L
/s) =
Volu
me
of W
ater
(L)
Tim
e (s
)
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
3.3.
4
Wat
er b
alan
ce e
stim
atio
n
Afte
r com
plet
ing
the
audi
t, th
e w
ater
use
s sho
uld
be g
roup
ed b
y ca
tego
ry as
follo
ws:
Gro
upin
g th
e w
ater
use
s of
a f
acili
ty w
ill g
ener
ate
an e
stim
ated
wat
er
bala
nce,
whi
ch w
ill p
rovi
de a
n es
timat
e of
the
tota
l am
ount
of w
ater
that
th
e fa
cilit
y co
nsum
es o
n a
daily
and
ann
ual b
asis
(see
Fig
ure
3.5
belo
w).
It w
ill a
lso
be u
sefu
l to
sepa
rate
the
data
for d
iffer
ent p
erio
ds in
a y
ear t
o an
alys
e th
e se
ason
al c
hang
e in
wat
er u
ses.
Dom
estic
plu
mbi
ng (
rest
room
con
sum
ptio
n su
ch a
s to
ilets
, ur
inal
s, s
how
ers
and
fauc
ets)
;H
eatin
g an
d co
olin
g (e
vapo
rativ
e co
oler
and
/or
cool
ing
tow
er
mak
e-up
, boi
ler b
low
-dow
n, e
tc.);
Kitc
hen
plum
bing
(ice
mac
hine
s, fo
od p
repa
ratio
n, d
ishw
ashe
rs,
etc.
);Pr
oces
s w
ater
(pr
oces
s co
olin
g, r
insi
ng o
pera
tions
, ch
emic
al
dilu
tion,
etc
.);W
ater
feat
ures
(poo
ls, s
pas,
foun
tain
s, e
tc.);
Land
scap
e irr
igat
ion;
and
Cle
ansi
ng.
3.4
W
ater
Man
agem
ent O
ppor
tuni
ties
Afte
r a w
ater
aud
it, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers w
ill b
e ab
le to
iden
tify
whi
ch a
rea
uses
the
larg
est a
mou
nt o
f w
ater
. Th
is in
form
atio
n sh
ould
fac
ilita
te th
e de
term
inat
ion
of t
he m
ost
suita
ble
wat
er m
anag
emen
t op
portu
nitie
s (W
MO
s).
A p
lan
shou
ld b
e de
velo
ped
to o
utlin
e th
e fe
asib
ility
of
each
WM
O b
y pr
esen
ting
sim
ple
cost
/ben
efit
anal
yses
and
pro
ject
ed p
ayba
ck p
erio
ds
whe
re a
pplic
able
. Th
e pl
an s
houl
d in
clud
e ac
tions
tha
t ar
e no
-cos
t or
lo
w-c
ost,
actio
ns th
at re
quire
cap
ital e
xpen
ditu
re, a
nd a
ctio
ns th
at re
quire
ch
ange
s in
wat
er u
se p
roce
dure
s by
fac
ility
per
sonn
el.
Cur
rent
or
prop
osed
wat
er/w
aste
wat
er r
ates
sho
uld
be u
sed
whe
n de
term
inin
g th
e co
sts
and
bene
fits
of t
he a
ctio
ns.
Ini
tial
cost
sho
uld
not
be t
he o
nly
cons
ider
atio
n bu
t als
o th
e co
nseq
uent
ial s
avin
g in
redu
ced
wat
er c
ost o
ver
time.
C
ompu
ting
the
payb
ack
perio
d17 w
ill b
e us
eful
for
pre
limin
ary
eval
uatio
n.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s ca
n ch
oose
from
a w
ide
varie
ty o
f wat
er m
anag
emen
t op
tions
. Th
e hi
erar
chy
in F
igur
e 3.
3 ab
ove
show
s di
ffere
nt o
ptio
ns w
ith
the
mos
t ef
fect
ive
mea
sure
s on
the
top
. So
me
optio
ns s
impl
y in
volv
e al
terin
g th
e w
ater
use
of
build
ing
occu
pant
s w
hile
oth
ers
may
inv
olve
ch
angi
ng th
e ha
rdw
are
or w
ay f
ixtu
res
and
equi
pmen
t are
ope
rate
d an
d m
aint
aine
d.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Verif
y op
erat
ing
sche
dule
s an
d th
e nu
mbe
r of
bu
ildin
g oc
cupa
nts
durin
g di
ffer
ent p
erio
ds in
the
day;
Det
erm
ine
daily
faci
lity
cons
umpt
ion
rate
s fro
m w
ater
met
er a
nd
subm
eter
read
ings
and
oth
er s
ourc
es; a
nd
Not
e an
y is
sues
tha
t ha
ve a
n im
pact
on
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion.
Le
akin
g fa
ucet
s/va
lves
and
out
date
d fix
ture
s ar
e ex
ampl
es o
f ob
serv
atio
n th
at s
houl
d be
reco
rded
.
(f)
(g)
(h)
35H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
34
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 3
.5
Exa
mpl
e W
ater
Bal
ance
Dia
gram
Payb
ack
Perio
d (Y
ear)
=In
itial
set
-up
cost
($)
Ann
ual s
avin
g in
ope
ratio
n ($
)17
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
3.4.
1
Avo
idin
g le
akag
e
Avo
idin
g w
asta
ge d
ue t
o le
akag
e is
one
of
the
mos
t co
st-e
ffec
tive
mea
sure
s w
ith a
pro
min
ent
outc
ome.
W
ithou
t pr
oper
met
erin
g an
d m
onito
ring
, los
ses d
ue to
leak
age
can
attr
ibut
e to
10%
to 3
0% b
uild
ing
wat
er u
se.18
Wat
er a
udits
Leak
age
can
be d
eter
min
ed f
rom
the
diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
the
met
er v
alue
and
act
ual c
onsu
mpt
ion
asse
ssed
in a
wat
er a
udit.
Wat
er le
akag
e de
tect
ion
Leak
s sh
ould
be
iden
tifie
d an
d re
pair
ed a
s qu
ickl
y as
pos
sibl
e.
The
follo
win
g ac
tions
can
be
perf
orm
ed t
o im
prov
e th
e de
tect
ion
of le
akag
e:
-Pe
rfor
m v
isua
l and
aud
io in
spec
tion
in th
e fa
cilit
y re
gula
rly.
Take
not
e of
any
une
xpec
ted
wat
er s
ound
s an
d w
et fl
oors
;
- In
stal
l a le
akag
e de
tect
ion
syst
em a
nd c
onne
ct it
to th
e B
MS;
-M
onit
or t
he m
eter
rea
ding
dur
ing
the
shut
off
of
wat
er-c
onsu
min
g eq
uipm
ent t
o ob
serv
e an
y si
gnif
ican
t
diff
eren
ce; a
nd
- Ed
ucat
e bu
ildin
g us
ers
to re
port
any
leak
s im
med
iate
ly to
redu
ce th
e am
ount
of w
ater
lost
due
to le
akag
e.
(a)
(b)
Subm
eter
ing
for a
ll m
ajor
end
use
s
Effe
ctiv
e su
bmet
erin
g im
prov
es t
he a
ccou
ntab
ility
for
wat
er
usag
e an
d fa
cilit
ates
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f m
anag
emen
t pla
n an
d as
soci
ated
mon
itorin
g.
LEED
v2.
2 re
quire
s ins
talli
ng se
para
te m
eter
ing
for i
ndoo
r wat
er
riser
s,
proc
ess
wat
er
use
and
outd
oor
irrig
atio
n sy
stem
s.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s can
furth
er in
stal
l sub
-met
ers t
o m
easu
re a
nd
colle
ct w
ater
usa
ge c
onsu
mpt
ion
info
rmat
ion
for
maj
or w
ater
us
es. A
ustra
lia’s
bui
ldin
g ra
ting
syst
em, G
reen
Sta
r, re
quire
s the
fo
llow
ing
wat
er u
ses,
if a
pplic
able
, to
be m
eter
ed:
- B
athr
oom
s;-
Show
ers;
- Ev
apor
ativ
e he
at re
ject
ion
syst
ems;
- Ir
rigat
ion
syst
ems;
- W
ash-
dow
n sy
stem
s;-
Rec
ycle
d w
ater
sup
ply;
and
- R
ainw
ater
sup
ply.
(c)
37H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
36
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
18U
.S. E
PA (O
ct 2
013)
, Wat
erSe
nse
at W
ork
– Be
st M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es fo
r Com
mer
cial
and
Inst
itutio
nal
F
acili
ties
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
3.4.
2
Red
ucin
g w
ater
usa
ge
Elim
inat
ing
unne
cess
ary
dem
and
in w
ater
use
wou
ld b
e th
e ne
xt s
tep
whi
ch p
rope
rty
man
ager
s sh
ould
con
side
r. T
hese
mea
sure
s w
ill
usua
lly re
sult
in lo
ng-t
erm
and
recu
rrin
g sa
ving
s ov
er th
e lif
etim
e of
th
e bu
ildin
g.
Flow
/ pr
essu
re re
spon
sive
flow
regu
lato
rs
Valv
es c
an b
e in
stal
led
in d
istri
butio
n sy
stem
s to
red
uce
the
pres
sure
in
plum
bing
and
thu
s de
crea
ses
the
risk
of p
ipe
leak
age.
Whe
n ad
optin
g th
is a
ppro
ach,
spe
cial
car
e sh
ould
be
take
n to
ens
ure
suff
icie
nt w
ater
pre
ssur
e is
pro
vide
d at
out
lets
.
(d)
In a
dditi
on to
wat
er f
low
rat
es, t
he o
pera
tion
mod
e of
fix
ture
s sh
ould
be
cons
ider
ed b
efor
e pr
ocur
emen
t. W
ater
clo
sets
with
du
al-f
lush
mod
el a
re h
ighl
y re
com
men
ded.
In
stal
ling
a to
ilet
with
‘6L
/3L’
dua
l flu
sh i
s a
com
mon
opt
ion
that
gua
rant
ees
savi
ng (F
igur
e 3.
6).
To f
urth
er r
educ
e w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n on
flu
shin
g, w
ater
less
ur
inal
s ca
n be
ado
pted
. Th
ey a
re d
esig
ned
to e
nsur
e th
at n
o od
our w
ill b
e em
itted
from
the
urin
als
whi
le re
quiri
ng n
o w
ater
fo
r flu
shin
g.
How
ever
, pro
per
clea
ning
and
mai
nten
ance
for
w
ater
less
urin
al is
cru
cial
to m
aint
ain
perf
orm
ance
. Pr
oper
ty
man
ager
s sh
ould
con
sult
man
ufac
ture
rs fo
r the
ir re
quire
men
ts.
Wat
er e
ffic
ient
fixt
ures
Plum
bing
fix
ture
s co
nstit
ute
a la
rge
prop
ortio
n of
bui
ldin
g w
ater
use
. W
ith th
e us
e of
wat
er e
ffic
ient
fitti
ngs,
con
sum
ptio
n ca
n be
sig
nific
antly
red
uced
. T
he w
ater
eff
icie
ncy
labe
lling
sc
hem
e (W
ELS)
pro
vide
s us
eful
gui
danc
e in
sel
ectio
n of
the
m
ost e
ffic
ient
fitti
ngs.
(a)
39H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
38
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Imag
e C
opyr
ight
: H
KSA
R W
ater
Sup
plie
s D
epar
tmen
t
Figu
re 3
.6
Toile
t wit
h du
al-f
lush
but
tons
19
Tabl
e 3.
1
Max
imum
Flo
w R
ate
for
Wat
er F
ixtu
res
19A
rmita
ge S
hank
s <ht
tp://
ww
w.ar
mita
ge-s
hank
s.co.
uk/im
ages
/gal
lery
/1.jp
g>
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
20U
.S. E
PA (2
012)
, Wat
erSe
nse
at W
ork:
Best
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
for C
omm
erci
al a
nd In
stitu
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s21
Stee
ring
Com
mitt
ee o
n G
reen
ing,
Lan
dsca
pe a
nd T
ree
Man
agem
ent (
2014
)
<ht
tp://
ww
w.gr
eeni
ng.g
ov.h
k/en
/pla
ntin
g_kn
owle
dge/
spec
ies_
for_
plan
ting.
htm
l>
Mos
t gr
een
build
ing
labe
lling
sch
emes
dem
ands
the
use
of
effic
ient
wat
er d
evic
es.
For e
xam
ple,
BEA
M P
lus
v1.2
requ
ires
10%
sav
ing
from
pre
defin
ed b
ench
mar
k w
hile
LEE
D v
2009
re
quire
s 20
%
savi
ng.
Tabl
e 3.
1 ab
ove
iden
tifie
s th
e re
com
men
ded
wat
er f
ixtu
re f
low
rat
es t
o m
eet
the
min
imum
le
vel o
f wat
er s
avin
g re
quire
men
ts in
diff
eren
t sch
emes
.
Dro
ught
resi
stan
t lan
dsca
pe d
esig
n
By
sele
ctin
g na
tive,
low
-wat
er-u
se p
lant
s an
d re
duci
ng t
urf
area
s, w
ater
use
on
land
scap
e ca
n be
min
imis
ed. E
xam
ples
of
loca
l dro
ught
tole
rant
pla
nt s
peci
es a
re:21
(b)
41H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
40
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Sche
ffle
ra h
etap
hylla
()
To m
inim
ise
wat
er u
se,
prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
ado
pt t
he
follo
win
g m
easu
res
in la
ndsc
ape
desi
gn:
- G
roup
pla
nts
with
sim
ilar w
ater
nee
ds to
geth
er;
-Se
rve
high
-tra
ffic
ped
estr
ian
path
s w
ith la
ndsc
ape
plan
ts
inst
ead
of tu
rf;
-A
erat
e or
am
end
soil
regu
larly
to im
prov
e its
wat
er-a
bsor
bing
an
d re
tain
ing
capa
city
;-
Cov
er s
oil w
ith m
ulch
es to
avo
id d
irect
sun
shin
e; a
nd-
Rem
ove
wee
ds th
at w
ill c
ompe
te fo
r wat
er a
nd n
utrie
nts.
Sans
evie
ria s
peci
es (
)
Poly
scia
s sp
ecie
s (
)
Rha
pis
exce
lsa
()
Imag
e co
pyri
ght:
Hon
g K
ong
Her
bari
um
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
22To
p A
rch
Gre
en H
ouse
< h
ttp://
tagr
eenh
ouse
.com
/irrig
atio
n-sy
stem
-2/ >
23U
.S. E
PA (2
012)
, Wat
erSe
nse
at W
ork:
Bes
t Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
for C
omm
erci
al a
nd In
stitu
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s
Effic
ient
irrig
atio
n
Irrig
atio
n sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
inco
rpor
ated
with
tim
ers
and/
or
moi
stur
e se
nsor
s so
tha
t th
e irr
igat
ion
proc
ess
will
onl
y be
op
erat
ed w
hen
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce a
mou
nt o
f wat
er n
eede
d.
Drip
irr
igat
ion
shou
ld b
e us
ed i
nste
ad o
f sp
rinkl
ers.
D
rip
irrig
atio
n fa
cilit
ates
dee
p w
ater
ing
and
can
be a
djus
ted
to m
eet
the
need
s of
diff
eren
t kin
ds o
f pla
nts
(Fig
ure
3.7)
.
To m
inim
ise
wat
er u
sage
, pro
perty
man
ager
s sh
ould
impl
emen
t th
e fo
llow
ing
effic
ient
irrig
atio
n pr
actic
es:
- A
djus
t irr
igat
ion
sche
dule
mon
thly
acc
ordi
ng to
clim
ate
cond
ition
;-
W
ater
at n
ight
or
befo
re s
unri
se, w
hich
is th
e m
ost i
deal
peri
od f
or p
lant
s to
ful
ly a
bsor
b w
ater
; and
-If
wat
er ru
noff
is a
pro
blem
, irr
igat
e at
a h
ighe
r fre
quen
cy
bu
t with
less
wat
er.
(c)
Swim
min
g po
ol c
over
ing
Evap
orat
ion
is o
ne o
f the
maj
or so
urce
s of w
ater
loss
for o
utdo
or
swim
min
g po
ols.
C
over
ing
swim
min
g po
ols
with
bla
nket
s du
ring
clos
ing
hour
s ca
n av
oid
cont
act o
f poo
l wat
er w
ith o
pen
air a
nd th
us re
duce
loss
due
to e
vapo
ratio
n.
(d)
43H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
42
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 3
.7
Dri
p Ir
riga
tion
22
3.4.
3
Reu
sing
wat
er
Prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
con
side
r re
usin
g w
ater
for
mor
e cy
cles
be
fore
dis
char
ging
int
o th
e se
wag
e sy
stem
. T
his
stra
tegy
can
be
impl
emen
ted
in p
roce
ss a
ctiv
ities
suc
h as
:
Reu
sing
wat
er d
rain
-off
from
wat
er ta
nks
or s
wim
min
g po
ols
Inst
ead
of d
irect
ly d
isch
argi
ng t
he w
ater
gen
erat
ed f
rom
the
cl
eani
ng o
f w
ater
tan
ks o
r sw
imm
ing
pool
s in
to s
ewag
e, s
uch
wat
er c
an b
e co
llect
ed fo
r fut
ure
use
in ir
rigat
ion
or c
lean
sing
.
(a)
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
24En
wav
e Se
attle
(201
4) <
http
://w
ww.
enw
aves
eattl
e.co
m/c
ase-
stud
y-co
st-a
nd-w
ater
-sav
ings
.htm
>
Con
dens
ate
reco
very
Alth
ough
air-
cond
ition
ing
cond
ensa
te is
non
-pot
able
, it c
an b
e ut
ilise
d in
oth
er p
roce
sses
suc
h as
sub
surf
ace
irrig
atio
n or
cl
eans
ing.
(b)
Rai
nwat
er c
aptu
re, t
reat
men
t and
use
Rai
nwat
er h
arve
st s
yste
ms
can
be u
sed
to r
educ
e re
lianc
e on
po
tabl
e w
ater
. T
he t
reat
ed w
ater
can
be
used
for
flu
shin
g,
irrig
atio
n or
laun
dry.
(b)
45H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
44
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
3.4.
4
Rec
yclin
g w
ater
Rec
yclin
g w
ater
mea
sure
s ge
nera
lly re
quir
e a
high
er in
itial
cos
t as
it re
quir
es r
etro
fitti
ng t
he e
ntir
e bu
ildin
g sy
stem
. N
ever
thel
ess,
if
furt
her
redu
ctio
n in
wat
er u
se is
des
ired
, the
fol
low
ing
mea
sure
s ca
n be
con
side
red:
Gre
y w
ater
cap
ture
, tre
atm
ent a
nd re
use
Gre
y w
ater
col
lect
ed f
rom
bas
ins
and
show
ers
can
be u
sed
for
flush
ing,
irrig
atio
n or
laun
dry
afte
r tre
atm
ent.
(a)
3.5
Fo
rmul
atio
n of
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t Pla
n
Onc
e sp
ecifi
c W
MO
s ha
ve b
een
sele
cted
, prio
ritis
e th
em in
a w
ay th
at
can
max
imiz
e w
ater
, en
ergy
, an
d fin
anci
al s
avin
gs w
hile
im
prov
ing
occu
pant
com
fort.
At t
he sa
me
time,
com
mun
icat
ion
with
bui
ldin
g us
ers
and
thei
r par
ticip
atio
n ar
e ne
cess
ary
durin
g pl
anni
ng. A
fter c
onsu
ltatio
n,
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
wor
k pl
an a
nd s
ched
ule
shou
ld b
e de
velo
ped.
With
ref
eren
ce to
BEA
M P
lus
EB, a
wat
er m
anag
emen
t pla
n sh
ould
at
leas
t inc
lude
the
follo
win
g ite
ms:
Cle
ar a
nd s
peci
fic
targ
ets
mus
t be
set t
o as
sess
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
im
plem
enta
tion.
BE
AM
Plu
s pr
ovid
es g
uida
nce
in s
ettin
g ta
rget
s.
How
the
plan
is c
omm
unic
ated
to b
uild
ing
user
s an
d st
aff a
t all
leve
ls;
Mon
itorin
g ar
rang
emen
t for
pla
n an
d w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n;W
ater
sav
ing
mea
sure
s un
derta
ken,
in
prog
ress
and
to
be
impl
emen
ted;
and
Qua
ntify
ing
the
plan
ned
savi
ng.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
47H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
46
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
3.6
Im
plem
enta
tion
and
Mon
itori
ng
Aft
er d
evel
opin
g th
e w
ater
man
agem
ent p
lan,
pro
pert
y m
anag
ers
will
pr
ocee
d w
ith th
e ex
ecut
ion.
H
owev
er, i
t doe
s no
t end
at t
his
stag
e.
Wat
er m
anag
emen
t re
quir
es c
ontin
uous
mon
itori
ng a
nd r
evis
ion
to
guar
ante
e sm
ooth
ope
ratio
n.
Ther
efor
e, p
rope
rty
man
ager
s sh
ould
pe
rfor
m th
e fo
llow
ing
actio
ns:
Tabl
e 3.
2 su
mm
aris
es th
e re
quir
emen
ts o
f B
EAM
Plu
s EB
on
wat
er
use.
For
mor
e de
tails
, ple
ase
refe
r to
the
refe
renc
e gu
ide
issu
ed b
y th
e B
EAM
Soc
iety
.
3.7
E
mpl
oyee
Par
ticip
atio
n
Empl
oyee
par
ticip
atio
n is
one
of
the
criti
cal
succ
essf
ul f
acto
rs f
or
effe
ctiv
e w
ater
man
agem
ent.
The
follo
win
g se
ctio
ns w
ill su
gges
t how
to
secu
re e
mpl
oyee
s’ tr
ust a
nd in
volv
emen
t.
3.7.
1
Ded
icat
ed m
anag
emen
t tea
m
With
the
supp
ort o
f m
anag
emen
t, em
ploy
ee p
artic
ipat
ion
shou
ld b
egin
w
ith th
e fo
rmat
ion
of a
team
com
mitt
ed to
car
ryin
g ou
t the
inve
stig
atio
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of
the
wat
er
man
agem
ent
plan
. T
he
wat
er
man
agem
ent t
eam
may
con
sist
of t
he fo
llow
ing
mem
bers
(Fig
ure
3.8)
:
Reg
ular
ly c
olle
ct f
eedb
ack
from
bui
ldin
g us
ers
and
adju
st t
he
plan
acc
ordi
ngly
;C
aref
ully
mon
itor t
he p
rogr
ess t
o en
sure
targ
ets c
an b
e ac
hiev
ed;
and
Con
stan
tly re
view
the
plan
and
revi
se th
e ta
rget
s.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Tabl
e 3.
2 BE
AM
Plu
s E
B v
1.2
Req
uire
men
ts o
n W
ater
Use
Figu
re 3
.8
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t Tea
m C
ompo
siti
on
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
49H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
48
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
3.7.
2
Faci
lity-
wid
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
The
effe
ctiv
enes
s of w
ater
man
agem
ent m
ay b
e re
duce
d if
empl
oyee
s and
bu
ildin
g us
ers
do n
ot a
ctiv
ely
parti
cipa
te in
it.
To p
rom
ote
the
deve
lope
d pl
an a
nd i
ncre
ase
the
audi
ence
s’ en
viro
nmen
tal
awar
enes
s, pr
oper
ty
man
ager
s sho
uld
adop
t the
app
roac
h ou
tline
d be
low
in F
igur
e 3.
9:
3.7.
3
Em
ploy
ee e
duca
tion
To a
ttain
the
desi
red
outc
ome
from
the
wat
er m
anag
emen
t pla
n, b
uy-in
fr
om b
uild
ing
user
s is
ind
ispe
nsab
le.
A c
hang
e in
use
rs’
wat
er-u
sing
ha
bit
is o
ne o
f th
e m
ost
effe
ctiv
e an
d co
st-e
ffic
ient
WM
Os.
Th
roug
h ed
ucat
iona
l pro
gram
mes
and
act
iviti
es, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
can
conv
ince
ot
hers
to
unde
rgo
a be
havi
oura
l ch
ange
in
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion.
Th
e fo
llow
ing
conc
epts
sho
uld
be p
rom
oted
:
3.8
C
oncl
usio
n
Wat
er m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g sh
ares
sim
ilar p
roce
dure
s as e
nerg
y sa
ving
m
anag
emen
t as
men
tione
d in
Cha
pter
2.
Dat
a co
llect
ion
is a
lway
s th
e fir
st st
ep in
pla
nnin
g. B
oth
info
rmat
ion
on o
wn
faci
lity
and
othe
r sim
ilar
build
ings
hav
e to
be
gath
ered
to
perf
orm
ana
lysi
s an
d co
mpa
rison
. C
arry
ing
out a
wat
er a
udit
allo
ws
prop
erty
man
ager
s to
und
erst
and
the
Figu
re 3
.9
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t Edu
cati
on P
roce
ss
Save
whe
n yo
u sh
ower
– re
duce
sho
wer
leng
th
Mos
t con
vent
iona
l sho
wer
s use
10-
20 li
tres o
f wat
er p
er m
inut
e.
By
redu
cing
the
time
spen
t in
the
show
er, t
he w
ater
use
is v
astly
re
duce
d.
Save
wat
er in
kitc
hen
Wai
t to
use
dish
was
hers
unt
il th
ere
is a
full
load
. Fill
the
sink
to
was
h ve
geta
bles
inst
ead
of le
tting
the
wat
er ru
n co
nsta
ntly
. Fi
ll a
pitc
her w
ith d
rinki
ng w
ater
and
stor
e it
in th
e re
frig
erat
or, t
hus
elim
inat
ing
the
was
tefu
l pr
actic
e of
run
ning
the
tap
whi
le
wai
ting
for w
ater
to c
ool.
Rec
ycle
or r
euse
wat
er
Use
wat
er f
rom
coo
king
to
wat
er p
otte
d pl
ants
. Fo
r ex
ampl
e,
rinsi
ng r
ice
grai
ns, b
oilin
g ve
geta
bles
and
ste
amin
g du
mpl
ings
w
ould
lea
ve p
lent
y of
nut
rient
s in
the
wat
er.
Wat
erin
g w
ith
reus
ed w
ater
can
red
uce
the
need
of
addi
ng a
rtific
ial
ferti
lizer
an
d po
tabl
e w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n.
(a)
(b)
(c)
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
4.1
In
trod
uctio
n
Indo
or
Air
Q
ualit
y (I
AQ
) is
de
fine
d by
th
e W
orld
H
ealth
O
rgan
izat
ion
as “
the
phys
ical
and
che
mic
al n
atur
e of
indo
or a
ir, a
s de
liver
ed
to
the
brea
thin
g zo
ne
of
build
ing
occu
pant
s,
whi
ch
prod
uces
a c
ompl
ete
stat
e of
men
tal,
phys
ical
and
soc
ial w
ell-
bein
g of
th
e oc
cupa
nts,
an
d no
t m
erel
y th
e ab
senc
e of
di
seas
e or
in
firm
ity.”
Pro
pert
y M
anag
ers
shou
ld c
once
ntra
te e
ffor
ts o
n IA
Q a
s ou
tdoo
r ai
r qu
ality
is d
ealt
with
glo
bally
and
loca
lly.
4.2
Im
port
ance
of I
AQ
On
aver
age,
peo
ple
spen
d m
ost
of t
heir
tim
e in
door
s.
Goo
d IA
Q
safe
guar
ds th
eir h
ealth
, con
trib
utes
to th
eir c
omfo
rt a
nd w
ell-
bein
g,
and
impr
oves
wor
kpla
ce p
rodu
ctiv
ity.
On
the
cont
rary
, po
or I
AQ
may
lea
d to
dis
com
fort
and
ill
heal
th,
high
er a
bsen
teei
sm w
ith s
ick
leav
e an
d lo
wer
wor
k pe
rfor
man
ce,
and
incr
ease
d st
aff
turn
over
and
com
plai
nts
or c
ompa
ny l
iabi
lity
(Fig
ure
4.1)
. R
esea
rch
has
been
per
form
ed i
n a
smar
t bu
ildin
g in
Eu
rope
and
indi
cate
d th
at im
prov
ing
IAQ
by
incr
easi
ng v
entil
atio
n ra
te c
an im
prov
e w
ork
perf
orm
ance
by
arou
nd 1
-3%
.
51H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
50
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
usag
e of
wat
er m
ore
thor
ough
ly.
It is
hig
hly
reco
mm
ende
d to
und
erta
ke
wat
er a
udits
regu
larly
to k
eep
upda
ted
on th
e cu
rren
t situ
atio
n.
Afte
r col
lect
ing
the
requ
ired
deta
ils, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld s
elec
t the
w
ater
-sav
ing
actio
ns fo
r the
faci
lity
acco
rdin
gly.
The
mea
sure
s men
tione
d pr
evio
usly
are
onl
y a
few
of
the
man
y po
ssib
le W
MO
s th
at c
an b
e im
plem
ente
d. F
or m
ore
deta
ils a
nd o
ther
cho
ices
, man
ager
s m
ay c
onsu
lt pr
ofes
sion
al p
rope
rty a
nd f
acili
ty m
anag
ers
and/
or w
ater
man
gem
ent
cons
ulta
nts
and/
or q
ualif
ied
cont
ract
ors.
The
WSD
web
site
and
BEA
M
Plus
fo
r Ex
istin
g B
uild
ing
v1.2
al
so
prov
ide
guid
ance
on
w
ater
m
anag
emen
t pra
ctic
e.
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
pla
ns a
nd a
ctiv
e in
volv
emen
t of b
uild
ing
user
s mus
t go
han
d-in
-han
d in
ord
er to
obt
ain
the
best
resu
lt. T
here
are
diff
eren
t w
ays
to e
ncou
rage
par
ticip
atio
n bu
t com
mun
icat
ion
shou
ld b
e th
e fir
st
prio
rity
for u
sers
to u
nder
stan
d its
pur
pose
. Th
e ul
timat
e go
al o
f wat
er
man
agem
ent
is t
o cr
eate
a b
ehav
iour
al c
hang
e in
wat
er u
sers
with
as
sist
ance
from
wat
er-s
avin
g eq
uipm
ent.
Figu
re 4
.1
Occ
urre
nce
of S
ick
Bui
ldin
g Sy
ndro
me
(SB
S) S
ympt
oms
at
D
iffe
rent
Ven
tila
tion
Rat
es25
25Se
nitk
ova
& B
adid
a (2
012)
, “Pe
rcei
ved
Indo
or D
isco
mfo
rt, P
erfo
rman
ce a
nd P
rodu
ctiv
ity”,
Jou
rnal
of C
ivil
E
ngin
eeri
ng a
nd A
rchi
tect
ure
WA
TE
R M
AN
AG
EM
NE
T3
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
high
CO
2 con
cent
ratio
n du
e to
hig
h oc
cupa
ncy;
VO
C e
mis
sion
s fr
om p
aint
ing
and
deco
ratio
n ac
tiviti
es;
VO
C e
mis
sion
s fr
om c
onsu
mer
pro
duct
s, s
uch
as p
estic
ide
and
clea
ning
age
nts;
form
alde
hyde
em
issi
ons
from
pre
ssed
woo
d fu
rnitu
re;
biol
ogic
al c
onta
min
ants
fro
m m
ould
gro
wth
on
dam
p su
rfac
es
and
dirty
air
duct
s;du
st a
nd p
artic
ulat
es fr
om in
tern
al p
roce
sses
and
am
bien
t sou
rces
,su
ch a
s re
nova
tion
proc
esse
s;ra
don
emis
sion
s fr
om b
uild
ing
mat
eria
ls;
com
bust
ion
prod
ucts
, su
ch a
s ca
rbon
mon
oxid
e an
d ox
ides
of
nitro
gen
from
veh
icle
exh
aust
; and
ozon
e ge
nera
ted
from
off
ice
equi
pmen
t with
UV
sou
rces
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Exce
llent
Cla
ss r
epre
sent
s th
e hi
ghes
t lev
el o
f IA
Q th
at a
hig
h sp
ecifi
catio
n an
d co
mfo
rtabl
e bu
ildin
g sh
ould
hav
e; a
ndG
ood
Cla
ss r
epre
sent
s IA
Q w
hich
pro
vide
s pr
otec
tion
to t
he
publ
ic a
t lar
ge in
clud
ing
the
youn
g an
d th
e ag
ed.
(a)
(b)
An
owne
r can
cho
ose
to c
ertif
y an
ent
ire b
uild
ing
or c
erta
in p
arts
/floo
rs
of a
bui
ldin
g. T
ypic
al IA
Q c
ertif
ied
loca
tions
are
mai
nly
in p
rivat
e of
fice
build
ings
, cl
ub h
ouse
s, p
ublic
are
as o
f re
side
ntia
l bu
ildin
gs,
and
gove
rnm
ent
offi
ces.
C
ertif
icat
ion
has
rece
ntly
bee
n po
pula
r in
sh
oppi
ng c
entr
es, b
anks
, ret
ail s
hops
and
hot
els.
Ther
e ar
e tw
o le
vels
of I
AQ
obj
ectiv
es to
sui
t the
nee
ds o
f dif
fere
nt
prem
ises
/bui
ldin
gs:
53H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
52
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
4.3
C
omm
on F
acto
rs A
ffec
ting
IAQ
From
a m
anag
emen
t po
int
of v
iew
, th
e m
ain
fact
ors
affe
ctin
g th
e IA
Q o
f the
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t inc
lude
air
pol
lutio
n du
e to
reno
vatio
n ac
tiviti
es,
chem
ical
em
issi
ons
from
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
, em
issi
ons
from
off
ice
equi
pmen
t, in
filtr
atio
n of
out
side
pol
luta
nts,
bod
y ef
flue
nts
and
occu
pant
s ac
tiviti
es,
vent
ilatio
n pr
actic
es a
nd r
ates
, an
d bu
ildin
g m
aint
enan
ce a
nd c
lean
ing
habi
ts.
IAQ
is
affe
cted
by
phys
ical
fac
tors
and
sou
rces
of
cont
amin
atio
n.
Phys
ical
fac
tors
, in
clud
ing
tem
pera
ture
, re
lativ
e hu
mid
ity a
nd a
ir
mov
emen
t, es
tabl
ish
the
ther
mal
acc
epta
bilit
y. C
omm
on s
ourc
es o
f in
door
air
con
tam
inan
ts a
re:
4.4
IAQ
Cer
tific
atio
n Sc
hem
e
The
H
K
Gov
ernm
ent
intr
oduc
ed
a vo
lunt
ary
IAQ
C
ertif
icat
ion
Sche
me
for
Off
ices
and
Pub
lic P
lace
s in
200
3 to
im
prov
e IA
Q a
nd
prom
ote
the
publ
ic a
war
enes
s of
its
impo
rtan
ce.
The
sche
me
aim
s to
re
cogn
ize
good
IA
Q m
anag
emen
t pra
ctic
e an
d to
pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es
for b
uild
ing
owne
rs to
pur
sue
the
best
leve
l of I
AQ
. W
ith e
ffec
t fro
m
1 Fe
brua
ry 2
008,
all
IAQ
ass
essm
ents
sho
uld
be c
ondu
cted
by
the
Hon
g K
ong
Insp
ectio
n B
ody
Acc
redi
tatio
n Sc
hem
e (H
KIA
S)
accr
edite
d C
ertif
icat
e Is
suin
g B
ody
(CIB
).
4.4.
1 IA
Q p
aram
eter
s
As
show
n in
Tab
le 4
.1 b
elow
,26 a
tot
al o
f 12
IA
Q p
aram
eter
s,
incl
udin
g th
ree
phys
ical
par
amet
ers,
eig
ht c
hem
ical
par
amet
ers
and
one
biol
ogic
al p
aram
eter
, sho
uld
be m
easu
red.
26H
KSA
R In
door
Air
Qua
lity
Man
agem
ent G
roup
(200
3), A
Gui
de o
n In
door
Air
Qua
lity
Cer
tific
atio
n Sc
hem
e
fo
r Offi
ces a
nd P
ublic
Pla
ces
Tabl
e 4.
1
IA
Q O
bjec
tive
s fo
r O
ffic
es a
nd P
ublic
Pla
ces
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
55H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
54
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Phys
ical
par
amet
ers
incl
ude
room
tem
pera
ture
, rel
ativ
e hu
mid
ity a
nd
air
mov
emen
t. I
n Ex
celle
nt C
lass
, the
tem
pera
ture
is b
etw
een
20 to
25
.5ºC
, th
e re
lativ
e hu
mid
ity i
s be
twee
n 40
to
70%
, an
d th
e ai
r m
ovem
ent i
s be
low
0.2
m/s
.
Che
mic
al
para
met
ers
incl
ude
CO
2,
carb
on
mon
oxid
e,
nitr
ogen
di
oxid
e, r
espi
rabl
e su
spen
ded
part
icul
ates
, oz
one,
for
mal
dehy
de,
tota
l VO
Cs
and
rado
n.
CO
2 is
pro
duce
d vi
a hu
man
met
abol
ism
and
us
ed a
s an
indi
catio
n of
ven
tilat
ion
adeq
uacy
. C
arbo
n m
onox
ide
or
nitr
ogen
dio
xide
is
prod
uced
fro
m i
ncom
plet
e co
mbu
stio
n m
ostly
fr
om v
ehic
ular
exh
aust
. R
espi
rabl
e su
spen
ded
part
icul
ates
of v
ario
us
size
s ar
e pr
oduc
ed f
rom
mec
hani
cal
proc
esse
s.
Ozo
ne i
s m
ainl
y pr
oduc
ed f
rom
off
ice
equi
pmen
t us
ing
high
ene
rgy
UV
sou
rces
. Fo
rmal
dehy
de is
a c
omm
on c
ompo
nent
in sy
nthe
tic m
ater
ials
, suc
h as
pr
esse
d bo
ards
, gl
ues
and
resi
ns
in
furn
iture
. To
tal
VO
Cs
are
com
mon
ly
emitt
ed
from
pa
intin
g an
d ad
hesi
ves.
R
adon
is
an
od
ourl
ess
and
colo
urle
ss g
as fo
rmed
dur
ing
the
brea
kdow
n of
radi
um
and
mos
tly fo
und
in g
rani
te m
ater
ials
.
Bio
logi
cal p
aram
eter
is a
irbo
rne
bact
eria
mai
nly
from
con
tam
inat
ed
mec
hani
cal v
entil
atio
n ai
r con
ditio
ning
(MVA
C) s
yste
ms.
4.4.
2 Sa
mpl
ing
cons
ider
atio
n an
d co
mpl
ianc
e re
quir
emen
ts
Cho
ose
the
loca
tion
for
an I
AQ
ass
essm
ent,
whi
ch m
ay b
e a
who
le
build
ing
or s
peci
fic
area
s of
a b
uild
ing
such
as
a lif
t lo
bby,
an
indi
vidu
al f
loor
and
a te
nant
’s u
nit.
Det
erm
ine
the
area
in
volv
ed
and
num
ber
of
sam
plin
g po
ints
re
quir
ed a
ccor
ding
to T
able
4.2
bel
ow.
Oth
er a
ssoc
iate
d sa
mpl
ing
poin
ts s
houl
d al
so b
e in
corp
orat
ed.
The
se
incl
ude
the
ambi
ent s
ampl
e no
rmal
ly a
t lea
st o
ne s
ampl
e m
easu
red
at
fres
h ai
r in
take
, th
e co
ntro
l sa
mpl
e be
ing
10%
of
the
tota
l fie
ld
sam
ples
, and
the
dupl
icat
e sa
mpl
e at
10%
of t
he to
tal f
ield
sam
ples
.
4.4.
3 IA
Q a
sses
smen
t pro
cedu
re
A si
x-st
ep a
ppro
ach
is c
omm
only
foun
d in
IAQ
ass
essm
ents
as f
ollo
ws:
Gen
eral
ly, t
he c
ompl
ianc
e re
quire
men
ts s
houl
d be
at l
east
80%
of s
ampl
e po
ints
of e
ach
para
met
er c
ompl
ying
with
the
rele
vant
IAQ
obj
ectiv
es.
For
the
chem
ical
and
bio
logi
cal p
aram
eter
s, no
sam
ple
poin
ts s
houl
d ex
ceed
50
% o
f the
rele
vant
IAQ
obj
ectiv
es.
In a
dditi
on, f
or p
hysi
cal p
aram
eter
s, no
sam
ple
poin
ts s
houl
d ex
ceed
10%
of
the
rele
vant
obj
ectiv
es o
r fa
ll ou
tsid
e 10
% o
f the
upp
er o
r low
er li
mit
if a
rang
e is
use
d.
Tabl
e 4.
2
Col
lect
bac
kgro
und
info
rmat
ion
of th
e su
bjec
t bui
ldin
g, s
uch
as
build
ing
usag
e, n
earb
y tra
ffic
con
ditio
ns,
floor
lay
out
plan
, de
sign
and
lay
out
of M
VAC
sys
tem
, no
rmal
wor
k ac
tiviti
es,
occu
panc
y de
nsity
of t
he a
rea
and
prev
ious
com
plai
nt re
cord
s;
Con
duct
a w
alk-
thro
ugh
insp
ectio
n fo
r ba
sic
para
met
ers,
for
in
stan
ce,
tem
pera
ture
, re
lativ
e hu
mid
ity,
CO
2, re
spira
ble
susp
ende
d pa
rticu
late
s, a
nd to
tal V
OC
s. T
he ty
pes
of a
ctiv
ities
un
derta
ken
and
cond
ition
of M
VAC
sys
tem
s ar
e to
be
asse
ssed
;
Sele
ct
appr
opria
te
loca
tions
fo
r sa
mpl
ing
by
iden
tifyi
ng
repr
esen
tativ
e ar
eas
like
the
open
off
ice
or o
ffic
e w
ith h
igh
occu
panc
y de
nsity
. C
onve
nien
ce to
tena
nts s
houl
d be
take
n in
to
cons
ider
atio
n;
(a)
(b)
(c)
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
for
IAQ
Ass
essm
ent
Min
imum
Num
ber
of S
ampl
ing
Poin
ts R
equi
red
57H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
56
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
4.5
Air
Qua
lity
Man
agem
ent i
n C
arpa
rks
Car
bon
mon
oxid
e an
d ni
troge
n ox
ide
are
the
mos
t rel
evan
t air
pollu
tant
s in
side
car
par
ks.
Tot
ally
enc
lose
d pa
rkin
g ar
eas
are
usua
lly s
ituat
ed
unde
rgro
und
and
requ
ire m
echa
nica
l ven
tilat
ion
to im
prov
e th
e ai
r qua
lity.
C
onve
ntio
nal v
entil
atio
n sy
stem
s in
clud
e su
pply
and
exh
aust
fans
, duc
ts,
diffu
sers
and
car
bon
mon
oxid
e m
onito
ring
syst
em.
As
duct
ing
is u
sual
ly
requ
ired,
rel
ativ
ely
high
cei
ling
heig
ht is
nee
ded.
O
ther
wis
e, c
orin
g of
sm
all
hole
s th
roug
h th
e be
ams
may
be
feas
ible
sub
ject
to
stru
ctur
al
asse
ssm
ent.
4.5.
1 D
uctle
ss d
irec
t axi
al je
t fan
s
To a
ddre
ss t
he p
robl
em o
f lim
ited
room
hei
ght,
a du
ctle
ss v
entil
atio
n sy
stem
with
dire
ct a
xial
jet f
ans
and
carb
on m
onox
ide
mon
itorin
g sy
stem
ca
n be
use
d (F
igur
e 4.3
). B
oth
indu
ctio
n an
d di
rect
air t
rans
fer a
re ad
opte
d in
thi
s sy
stem
. Th
is g
ener
ates
a l
arge
ind
uced
air
flow
rat
e w
ith z
one
cont
rol a
vaila
ble.
Q
uant
ity c
ontro
l is
feas
ible
. Th
e no
ise
leve
l is
low
er
than
that
of a
con
vent
iona
l sys
tem
.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
com
pute
r flu
id d
ynam
ics a
sses
smen
t, th
e lo
catio
ns o
f jet
fa
ns c
an b
e de
term
ined
to tr
ansp
ort f
resh
air
from
supp
ly p
oint
s to
all a
reas
th
roug
h je
t fa
ns a
nd t
hen
to t
he e
xtra
ct o
utle
t fa
ns.
In t
his
syst
em, n
o du
ctin
g is
requ
ired.
This
sys
tem
redu
ces
air f
low
resi
stan
ce a
nd th
e m
ain
fan
can
be d
esig
ned
with
a s
mal
ler s
ize,
thus
redu
cing
its
nois
e le
vel,
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
the
asso
ciat
ed d
uct s
ize.
Upo
n co
mpl
etio
n, th
e C
IB w
ill su
bmit
a du
ly c
ompl
eted
repo
rt to
the
IAQ
In
form
atio
n C
entre
. A
n IA
Q c
ertif
icat
e nu
mbe
r w
ill b
e gr
ante
d w
ith
regi
stra
tion
at w
eb-s
ite o
f the
IAQ
Cen
tre (h
ttp://
ww
w.ia
q.go
v.hk
).
In r
espe
ct o
f ce
rtific
ate
rene
wal
, on
ly C
O2
and
resp
irabl
e su
spen
ded
parti
cula
tes
will
be
asse
ssed
for
the
sec
ond
to f
ifth
year
s in
nor
mal
si
tuat
ion.
For
the
fifth
re-c
ertif
icat
ion,
the
full
list o
f IA
Q p
aram
eter
s in
Ta
ble
4.1
shou
ld b
e m
easu
red
and
certi
fied
to s
tart
anot
her
five-
year
cy
cle.
Th
e as
sess
men
t pr
oces
s is
det
aile
d in
A G
uide
on
Indo
or A
ir Q
ualit
y C
ertif
icat
ion
Sche
me
(Fig
ure
4.2)
.
Prep
are
a ch
eckl
ist
for
initi
al
IAQ
pr
epar
atio
n w
ork
on
impr
ovem
ent i
f any
. Fo
r exa
mpl
e, fi
ne tu
ne th
e M
VAC
sys
tem
ac
cord
ing
to th
e da
ily h
ouse
keep
ing
and
mai
nten
ance
;
Con
duct
det
aile
d IA
Q a
sses
smen
ts th
roug
h an
HK
IAS
CIB
; and
Re-
asse
ss i
f re
med
ial
wor
k is
req
uire
d. P
roce
ss t
he r
epor
t an
d ce
rtific
atio
n.
(d)
(e)
(f)
Figu
re 4
.2
A G
uide
on
Indo
or A
ir Q
ualit
y C
erti
fica
tion
Sch
eme
Figu
re 4
.3
Duc
tles
s D
irec
t Axi
al J
et F
ans
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
4.6
A
ir Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t in
Off
ices
4.6.
1
Use
of h
igh
effic
ienc
y ai
r fil
ters
Varia
ble-
air-v
olum
e M
VAC
sys
tem
s w
ith r
ehea
t an
d hu
mid
ity c
ontro
l fu
nctio
ns a
re f
requ
ently
pro
vide
d in
offi
ce b
uild
ings
to
intro
duce
and
di
sper
se f
resh
air
and
to m
aint
ain
com
fort.
In
cas
e tra
ditio
nal
low
ef
ficie
ncy
wire
mes
h ai
r filt
ers a
re p
rovi
ded,
it m
ay b
e po
ssib
le to
repl
ace
them
with
hig
h ef
ficie
ncy
air f
ilter
s to
impr
ove
the
air q
ualit
y. T
his
will
in
crea
se th
e am
ount
of p
artic
ulat
es re
mov
ed fr
om th
e ai
r sup
plie
d to
the
build
ing,
and
hen
ce im
prov
e th
e IA
Q.
4.6.
2
Reg
ular
mai
nten
ance
of v
entil
atio
n sy
stem
s
To p
rovi
de g
ood
IAQ
, it
is c
ruci
al t
o pe
rfor
m r
egul
ar m
aint
enan
ce o
f M
VAC
syst
ems a
s fol
low
s:
4.6.
3
Post
-cer
tific
atio
n m
anag
emen
t
To
ensu
re
the
IAQ
be
ing
mai
ntai
ned
at
the
certi
fied
leve
l, po
st-c
ertif
icat
ion
man
agem
ent i
s req
uire
d:
59H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
58
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Sens
ors
for
carb
on m
onox
ide
are
loca
ted
unif
orm
ly a
nd c
an a
ctiv
ate
the
syst
em o
n de
man
d.
This
mon
itori
ng s
yste
m i
s de
sign
ed t
o de
al
with
the
pol
lutio
n le
vel
by o
pera
ting
the
fans
whe
n th
e ca
rbon
m
onox
ide
conc
entr
atio
n is
abo
ve t
he d
esig
n pa
ram
eter
, th
us s
avin
g en
ergy
ove
r a tr
aditi
onal
tim
e cl
ock
syst
em.
Whe
n re
plac
ing
exis
ting
filte
rs w
ith h
igh
effi
cien
cy u
nits
, the
incr
ease
in
fan
pre
ssur
e sh
ould
be
duly
con
side
red
to e
nsur
e th
e re
plac
emen
t w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
n ex
cess
ive
incr
ease
in fa
n po
wer
con
sum
ptio
n (s
ee
Figu
re 4
.4 a
bove
).
Figu
re 4
.4
Dif
fere
nt M
inim
um E
ffic
ienc
y R
atin
g V
alue
(ME
RV
)
ag
ains
t Par
ticl
e Si
ze F
ilter
ed27
27Fl
ande
rs, F
ilter
Effi
cien
cy G
uide
<
http
://w
ww.
fland
ersc
orp.
com
/file
s/Fl
ande
rsFF
I_lit
erat
ure/
PB30
01_F
ilter
Eff.p
df>
Air
dist
ribut
ion
dam
pers
are
func
tioni
ng p
rope
rly a
nd c
lear
ed o
f ob
stru
ctio
n;Fi
lters
are
inst
alle
d an
d m
aint
aine
d pr
oper
ly;
Dra
in p
ans a
re th
orou
ghly
cle
aned
, pro
perly
dra
ined
and
with
out
visi
ble
mou
ld g
row
th;
Diff
user
s an
d ex
haus
t ou
tlets
are
sep
arat
ed p
rope
rly t
o av
oid
shor
t circ
uit;
Reg
ular
cle
anin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ce s
ched
ule
are
esta
blis
hed
and
impl
emen
ted;
Mec
hani
cal r
oom
s ar
e cl
ean
and
free
of c
onta
min
ants
; and
Exha
ust f
ans
oper
ate
prop
erly
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Impl
emen
t pro
per o
pera
tion
and
mai
nten
ance
of M
VAC
syst
ems
and
ensu
re fr
esh
air i
ntak
es a
re n
eith
er b
lock
ed n
or in
pot
entia
l po
llute
d lo
catio
ns,
such
as
gara
ge e
ntrie
s, e
xhau
st v
ents
and
tru
ck lo
adin
g ar
eas;
Plac
e co
mpu
ters
and
hea
t-gen
erat
ing
equi
pmen
t aw
ay f
rom
M
VAC
sen
sors
to a
void
inac
cura
te te
mpe
ratu
re c
ontro
l;
Avo
id p
oten
tial p
ollu
tant
sou
rces
:
(a)
(b)
(c)
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
4.7.
1
Ref
use
cham
ber
In
acco
rdan
ce
with
th
e B
uild
ing
(Ref
use
Stor
age
and
Mat
eria
l R
ecov
ery
Cha
mbe
rs a
nd R
efus
e C
hute
s) R
egul
atio
ns A
PP 3
5, i
t is
re
quire
d to
pro
vide
mec
hani
cal v
entil
atio
n ca
pabl
e of
gen
erat
ing
thre
e ai
r ch
ange
s pe
r ho
ur o
f fr
esh
air.
How
ever
, thi
s st
atut
ory
requ
irem
ent
may
not
be
suff
icie
nt to
miti
gate
the
odou
r in
som
e re
fuse
cha
mbe
rs.
Furth
erm
ore,
it is
a s
tatu
tory
requ
irem
ent t
o pr
ovid
e ai
r pur
ifica
tion
in
refu
se c
ham
bers
. T
here
are
diff
eren
t m
etho
ds r
ecog
nise
d by
the
B
uild
ings
Dep
artm
ent f
or p
urify
ing
air:
4.7
A
ir Q
ualit
y M
anag
emen
t in
Res
iden
tial P
rem
ises
Set
clea
r pr
oced
ures
for
res
pond
ing
to I
AQ
-rel
ated
com
plai
nts
and
keep
pro
per
reco
rds
of r
epor
ted
case
s an
d as
soci
ated
fo
llow
-ups
. Th
is w
ill fa
cilit
ate
diag
nosi
s of I
AQ
and
del
iver
y of
ef
fect
ive
solu
tions
.
(d)
61H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
60
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Che
mic
al a
ir sc
rubb
ers c
an re
mov
e or
neu
tralis
e ac
idic
pol
luta
nts,
such
as
sulp
hur
diox
ide,
in
the
exha
ust
airs
tream
(Fi
gure
4.5
).
Air
is fo
rced
thro
ugh
reac
ting
chem
ical
s, ty
pica
lly li
mes
tone
, and
ac
idic
com
poun
ds w
ill b
e fil
tere
d ou
t. D
iffer
ent r
eact
ing
agen
ts
may
be
sele
cted
to re
mov
e ta
rget
ed p
ollu
tant
s.
(a)
Bio
-oxy
gen
gene
rato
rs c
onsi
st o
f ele
ctro
de tu
bes
that
pro
duce
el
ectr
ons
and
crea
te
stro
ngly
m
agne
tic
oxyg
en
clus
ters
(F
igur
e 4.
6).
Pollu
tant
s, b
acte
ria
and
odou
rs c
an b
e re
mov
ed
by r
eact
ing
with
the
oxy
gen
clus
ters
. S
ome
bio-
oxyg
en
gene
rato
rs a
re d
esig
ned
to f
it w
ithin
the
mix
ing
plen
um t
o pr
ovid
e ai
r pur
ific
atio
n fo
r typ
ical
off
ice
build
ings
.
(b)
Han
dle
reno
vatio
n m
ater
ials
pro
perl
y to
min
imiz
e th
e in
duct
ion
of h
igh
leve
l of
par
ticul
ates
in
the
indo
or
envi
ronm
ent;
Sele
ct fo
rmal
dehy
de fr
ee fu
rnis
hing
s;
Isol
ate
area
s to
be
reno
vate
d fr
om n
on-a
ffec
ted
area
s an
d M
VAC
sys
tem
s an
d sc
hedu
le t
he a
ctiv
ities
for
eve
ning
s an
d w
eeke
nds
if po
ssib
le;
Rem
ove
plas
tic w
rapp
ings
from
par
titio
ns, c
arpe
t rol
ls a
nd
othe
r new
mat
eria
ls b
efor
e th
ey a
re b
roug
ht in
to th
e sp
ace.
Ex
pose
them
to d
ry, c
lean
loca
tions
out
side
the
build
ing
for
a fe
w d
ays
befo
re in
stal
latio
n, a
nd
Sele
ct
low
-VO
C
prod
ucts
fo
r ho
usek
eepi
ng
and
pest
co
ntro
l. Pr
ovid
e se
para
te v
entil
atio
n if
nece
ssar
y.
- - - - -Fi
gure
4.5
C
hem
ical
Air
Scr
ubbe
r28
Figu
re 4
.6
Bio
-Oxy
gen
Odo
ur C
ontr
ol U
nit29
28A
bate
men
t Tec
hnol
ogie
s <ht
tp://
ww
w.ab
atem
ent.c
om/re
stor
atio
n/re
stor
atio
n-po
rt-ai
r-scr
ub-p
red1
200.
htm
l>29
Bio
-Oxy
en A
ustra
lia P
ty. L
imite
d <h
ttp://
ww
w.bi
o-ox
ygen
.com
.au>
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
4.7.
2
Indo
or c
omm
on a
rea
Som
e bu
ildin
gs w
ithou
t a
refu
se c
hute
ins
ide
refu
se r
oom
s m
ay
enco
unte
r sev
ere
odou
r pro
blem
s in
the
cour
se o
f ref
use
trans
porta
tion,
pa
rticu
larly
bad
odo
urs
rem
aini
ng i
nsid
e lif
ts.
Act
ive
air
purif
icat
ion
insi
de th
e lif
ts m
ay m
itiga
te th
e od
our p
robl
em.
63H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
62
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Phot
ocat
alyt
ic-o
xida
tion
reac
tors
util
ise
phot
ocat
alys
ts, u
sual
ly
Tita
nium
Dio
xide
(Ti
O2)
, to
abs
orb
radi
cals
(Fi
gure
4.7
).
VO
Cs
are
oxid
ized
by
the
phot
ocat
alys
ts r
esul
ting
in b
ette
r IA
Q.
Thi
s ty
pe o
f re
acto
rs c
an b
e in
tegr
ated
int
o H
VAC
sy
stem
s w
ith t
he b
enef
its o
f lo
w p
ower
con
sum
ptio
n, l
ong
serv
ice
life
and
min
imum
mai
nten
ance
. The
tech
nolo
gy w
ill b
e fu
rther
dis
cuss
ed in
Cha
pter
8.
(c)
30R
USN
AN
O <
http
://en
.rusn
ano.
com
/pre
ss-c
entre
/new
s/88
561>
Figu
re 4
.7
Phot
ocat
alyt
ic A
ir P
urif
ier30
4.8
C
oncl
usio
n
IAQ
man
agem
ent r
efer
s to
the
cont
rol o
f ph
ysic
al f
acto
rs a
nd c
omm
on
sour
ces
of in
door
air
pollu
tant
s fr
om v
ario
us a
ctiv
ities
. Ph
ysic
al fa
ctor
s, in
clud
ing
tem
pera
ture
, re
lativ
e hu
mid
ity a
nd a
ir m
ovem
ent,
form
the
th
erm
al a
ccep
tabi
lity.
C
omm
on s
ourc
es o
f in
door
air
pollu
tant
s in
clud
e co
ncen
tratio
n of
CO
2; em
issi
on o
f VO
Cs,
form
alde
hyde
, rad
on a
nd o
zone
fr
om v
ario
us s
ourc
es; b
iolo
gica
l con
tam
inan
ts, d
ust a
nd p
artic
ulat
es; a
nd
com
bust
ion
prod
ucts
such
as c
arbo
n m
onox
ide
and
oxid
es o
f nitr
ogen
.
The
volu
ntar
y IA
Q
Cer
tific
atio
n Sc
hem
e in
trodu
ced
by
the
HK
G
over
nmen
t he
lps
build
ing
user
s kn
ow t
he q
ualit
y of
ind
oor
air
and
enco
urag
es th
em to
pur
se th
e be
st le
vel o
f IA
Q.
The
sche
me
poss
esse
s tw
o cl
asse
s of
obj
ectiv
es, n
amel
y, E
xcel
lent
Cla
ss a
nd G
ood
Cla
ss.
All
IAQ
as
sess
men
ts in
clud
ing
twel
ve p
aram
eter
s hav
e to
be
cond
ucte
d by
HK
IAS
accr
edite
d C
IB. I
AQ
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
dure
com
men
ces f
rom
the c
olle
ctio
n of
info
rmat
ion
on th
e us
age
and
oper
atio
n of
the
vent
ilatio
n sy
stem
of t
he
subj
ect b
uild
ing.
A w
alk-
thro
ugh
insp
ectio
n fo
r bas
ic p
aram
eter
s su
ch a
s te
mpe
ratu
re, r
elat
ive
hum
idity
, CO
2, re
spira
ble
susp
ende
d pa
rticu
late
s, an
d to
tal
VO
Cs
is n
orm
ally
con
duct
ed.
It
is u
sual
to
carry
out
sam
plin
g se
lect
ion
and
prep
arat
ion
wor
k fir
st a
nd th
en to
con
duct
a d
etai
led
IAQ
as
sess
men
t and
pro
cess
the
repo
rt an
d ce
rtific
atio
n.
In g
ener
al, t
he c
ompl
ianc
e re
quire
men
ts sh
ould
be
at le
ast 8
0% o
f sam
ple
poin
ts o
f eac
h pa
ram
eter
com
plyi
ng w
ith th
e re
leva
nt IA
Q o
bjec
tives
. Fo
r th
e ch
emic
al a
nd b
iolo
gica
l par
amet
ers,
no s
ampl
e po
ints
sho
uld
exce
ed
50%
of t
he re
leva
nt IA
Q o
bjec
tives
. M
oreo
ver,
for p
hysi
cal p
aram
eter
s, no
sam
ple
poin
ts s
houl
d ex
ceed
10%
of
the
rele
vant
obj
ectiv
es o
r fa
ll ou
tsid
e 10
% o
f the
upp
er o
r low
er li
mit
if a
rang
e is
use
d. I
n re
spec
t of
certi
ficat
e re
new
al, o
nly
CO
2 and
resp
irabl
e su
spen
ded
parti
cula
tes w
ill b
e as
sess
ed f
or th
e se
cond
to f
ifth
year
s in
nor
mal
situ
atio
n.
For
the
fifth
re
-cer
tific
atio
n, f
ull
list
of I
AQ
par
amet
ers
shou
ld b
e m
easu
red
and
certi
fied
to st
art a
noth
er fi
ve-y
ear c
ycle
.
In s
hort,
the
Cha
pter
pro
vide
s th
e ke
ynot
es o
f IA
Q m
anag
emen
t to
bu
ildin
g us
ers a
nd st
akeh
olde
rs fo
r pur
suin
g th
e be
st le
vel o
f IA
Q.
Whe
re
appr
opria
te, a
dditi
onal
spec
ific
info
rmat
ion
or a
dvic
e on
the
plan
ning
and
im
plem
entin
g an
IA
Q m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
mm
e sh
ould
be
soug
ht f
rom
pr
ofes
sion
al
prop
erty
an
d fa
cilit
y m
anag
emen
t su
rvey
ors
or
IAQ
co
nsul
tant
s.
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
IND
OO
R A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y4
5.1
In
trod
uctio
n
Ever
y ye
ar,
the
gene
ratio
n ra
te o
f m
unic
ipal
sol
id w
aste
in
HK
gro
ws
cont
inuo
usly
fro
m 0
.97
kg t
o 1.
27 k
g pe
r ca
pita
with
in t
hirty
yea
rs.
Com
pare
d w
ith o
ther
nei
ghbo
urin
g co
untri
es s
uch
as T
aipe
i an
d So
uth
Kor
ea,
HK
has
rel
ativ
ely
larg
e ho
useh
old
was
te l
oad
(Fig
ure
5.1)
. C
urre
ntly
, th
ere
are
thre
e m
ajor
lan
dfill
s to
acc
omm
odat
e th
e w
aste
di
spos
ed in
HK
but
they
will
gra
dual
ly re
ach
thei
r cap
aciti
es b
y 20
19 if
the
disp
osal
rate
rem
ains
unc
hang
ed.
Bef
ore
the
gove
rnm
ent a
nd th
e so
ciet
y co
me
up w
ith a
n ef
fect
ive
solu
tion
to t
he o
verf
illed
pro
blem
, pr
oper
ty
man
ager
s sh
ould
impl
emen
t var
ious
mea
sure
s to
redu
ce w
aste
gen
erat
ed
from
bui
ldin
g op
erat
ions
.
5.2.
1 D
omes
tic o
r co
mm
erci
al tr
ade
was
te
Ever
y pr
oper
ty o
ccup
ier w
ill, t
o a
larg
e ex
tent
, pro
duce
eith
er d
omes
tic o
r tra
de w
aste
whi
le p
erfo
rmin
g th
eir d
aily
act
iviti
es, s
uch
as li
ving
, din
ing,
le
isur
e, s
ale,
man
ufac
ture
, ser
vice
pro
visi
on o
r ot
her
sim
ilar
oper
atio
ns.
Espe
cial
ly w
hen
bein
g m
oist
ened
and
mix
ed w
ith fo
od re
mai
ns, t
he w
aste
be
com
es p
art o
f the
bul
k re
fuse
, whi
ch w
ill b
e co
nvey
ed to
the
prop
erty
’s
refu
se c
olle
ctio
n st
atio
n if
not s
epar
ated
and
recy
cled
initi
ally
at s
ourc
e.
The
mas
s vo
lum
e of
ref
use,
if
left
unat
tend
ed,
may
giv
e ris
e to
the
fo
llow
ing
issu
es:
5.2
M
ajor
Sou
rces
of W
aste
Ther
e ar
e a
num
ber
of s
ourc
es o
f w
aste
gen
erat
ion
in c
onne
ctio
n w
ith
rout
ine
prop
erty
man
agem
ent a
ctiv
ities
. Th
e m
ajor
ity o
f the
se a
ctiv
ities
no
t on
ly g
ener
ate
was
te b
ut a
lso
caus
e ot
her
envi
ronm
enta
l pr
oble
ms
such
as p
ollu
tion
and
nuis
ance
. Pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers s
houl
d pa
y pa
rticu
lar
atte
ntio
n to
the
com
mon
sou
rces
of w
aste
as
follo
ws:
65H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
64
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
31H
KSA
R E
nviro
nmen
tal B
urea
u (2
013)
, Hon
g K
ong
Blue
prin
t for
Sus
tain
able
Use
of R
esou
rces
201
3-20
22
Figu
re 5
.1
Was
te D
ispo
sal R
ates
in H
ong
Kon
g, T
aipe
i and
Sou
th K
orea
31
Dom
estic
or c
omm
erci
al tr
ade
was
te g
ener
ated
by
occu
pier
s;W
aste
gen
erat
ed f
rom
rou
tine
oper
atio
ns a
nd m
aint
enan
ce
wor
ks; a
ndB
ulk
solid
was
te g
ener
ated
from
fit-o
uts,
dec
orat
ion
or b
uild
ing
reno
vatio
n.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Gen
erat
ion
of o
dour
s, w
aste
wat
er a
nd p
ossi
bly
bact
eria
, an
d at
tract
ing
inse
cts a
nd ra
ts re
sulti
ng in
hyg
ieni
c an
d en
viro
nmen
tal
prob
lem
s;
Noi
se n
uisa
nce
caus
ed b
y m
achi
nes,
suc
h as
ext
ract
ion
syst
ems
and
refu
se t
ruck
s, w
hile
loa
ding
and
unl
oadi
ng o
f re
fuse
and
po
ssib
ly f
rom
ver
tical
ref
use
chut
es w
hen
conv
eyin
g re
fuse
th
roug
hout
a b
uild
ing;
Acc
umul
atio
n of
lar
ge d
ispo
sed
artic
les,
suc
h as
fur
nitu
re,
elec
trica
l app
lianc
es a
nd p
alle
t boa
rds,
whi
ch m
ay g
ive
rise
to
bloc
kage
of
build
ings
/est
ate
road
s an
d em
erge
ncy
vehi
cula
r ac
cess
;
Smok
e ge
nera
ted
by re
fuse
truc
ks o
r oth
er d
iese
l eng
ine
clea
ning
eq
uipm
ent c
ausi
ng a
ir po
llutio
n; a
nd
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
WA
STE
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
5W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T5
5.3
W
aste
from
Rou
tine
Ope
ratio
ns a
nd M
aint
enan
ce
It is
a c
omm
on p
ract
ice
for p
rope
rty m
anag
ers t
o as
sign
mai
nten
ance
staf
f to
per
form
min
or re
pairs
and
mai
nten
ance
to p
rope
rty o
n a
regu
lar b
asis
. Th
ese
jobs
requ
ire u
sing
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
, too
ls a
nd e
quip
men
t, he
nce,
th
e ne
ed t
o st
ore
spar
e pa
rts i
n th
e pr
oper
ty.
Rep
airs
and
mai
nten
ance
ac
tiviti
es m
ay a
lso
requ
ire c
uttin
g an
d re
mov
al o
f exi
stin
g fin
ishe
s/fit
tings
an
d ge
nera
tion
of d
ebris
, whi
ch a
re a
ll at
tribu
ted
to c
onst
ruct
ion
was
te.
In a
dditi
on, o
ther
rou
tine
oper
atio
ns, s
uch
as c
lean
sing
, pes
ticid
ing
and
grea
se tr
ap c
lear
ance
, add
to th
e w
aste
acc
ount
and
occ
asio
nally
invo
lve
chem
ical
s whi
ch re
quire
spec
ial t
reat
men
t bef
ore
disp
osal
. Ev
en b
uild
ing
5.4
W
aste
from
Fit-
outs
, Dec
orat
ion
and
Ren
ovat
ion
Fit-o
uts,
deco
ratio
n an
d re
nova
tion
gene
rate
lo
ts
of
solid
w
aste
. C
omm
enci
ng i
n Ja
nuar
y 20
06,
the
EPD
im
plem
ente
d th
e C
onst
ruct
ion
Was
te D
ispo
sal C
harg
ing
Sche
me,
whi
ch is
als
o ap
plic
able
to th
e pr
oper
ty
man
agem
ent
sect
or.
Con
tract
ors
unde
rtaki
ng c
onst
ruct
ion
wor
k w
ith a
va
lue
of $
1,00
0,00
0 or
abo
ve a
re re
quire
d to
ope
n a
billi
ng a
ccou
nt w
ith
the
EPD
for t
hat p
artic
ular
con
tract
and
hav
e to
pay
dis
posa
l cha
rges
. For
w
ork
valu
ed u
nder
$1,
000,
000,
bui
ldin
g ow
ners
, con
tract
ors
or p
rope
rty
man
agem
ent c
ompa
nies
may
als
o op
en a
bill
ing
acco
unt f
or su
ch p
urpo
se.
Maj
or b
uild
ing
wor
k w
ill a
lso
caus
e ai
r, no
ise
and
poss
ibly
wat
er p
ollu
tion
if no
t pro
perly
cont
rolle
d an
d m
anag
ed. P
ollu
tion
to ai
r, su
ch as
gen
erat
ion
of d
ust,
odou
rs,
vola
tile
fum
es a
nd V
OC
s, is
a c
omm
on p
heno
men
on.
Noi
se
may
ca
use
irrita
tion
and
nuis
ance
pa
rticu
larly
to
re
side
ntia
l oc
cupi
ers w
hile
surf
ace
wat
er d
rain
s may
be
cont
amin
ated
by
cons
truct
ion
was
tew
ater
.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
for
mul
ate
effe
ctiv
e m
easu
res
to e
nhan
ce t
he
awar
enes
s of
occ
upie
rs a
nd t
o m
inim
ize
the
gene
ratio
n of
was
te f
rom
fit
-out
s, de
cora
tion
and
reno
vatio
n:
man
agem
ent
offic
es m
ay g
ener
ate
was
te,
incl
udin
g pa
per,
elec
troni
c w
aste
, etc
., an
d al
so re
quire
spec
ial a
ttent
ion.
To r
educ
e w
aste
gen
erat
ed f
rom
rou
tine
and
mai
nten
ance
act
iviti
es,
prop
erty
man
ager
s sho
uld
impl
emen
t the
follo
win
g m
easu
res:
67H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
66
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Che
mic
al
or
med
ical
re
fuse
fr
om
irres
pons
ible
co
mm
erci
al
occu
pier
s re
sulti
ng i
n hy
gien
ic p
robl
ems
and
caus
ing
parti
cula
r ha
zard
s to
inno
cent
cle
ansi
ng w
orke
rs w
ho la
ck p
rope
r pro
tect
ion.
(e)
Ado
pt a
n in
door
ref
use
colle
ctio
n st
atio
n ar
rang
emen
t. If
the
or
igin
al d
esig
n of
the
stat
ion
is a
n op
en y
ard,
a p
erm
anen
t roo
f w
ith su
ffici
ent n
atur
al v
entil
atio
n sh
ould
be
cons
truct
ed;
Perf
orm
reg
ular
cle
ansi
ng a
nd d
isin
fect
ion
of r
efus
e co
llect
ion
stat
ions
, re
fuse
bin
s, re
fuse
chu
tes
and
othe
r re
fuse
con
veyi
ng
equi
pmen
t and
con
tain
ers;
Inst
all a
pro
per e
xtra
ctio
n sy
stem
to c
ontro
l ref
use
truck
exh
aust
;
Dis
char
ge s
ewag
e an
d w
aste
wat
er p
rodu
ced
from
bui
ldin
g op
erat
ions
to a
pro
per f
oul w
ater
sew
er in
a sa
nita
ry m
anne
r;
Elim
inat
e un
nece
ssar
y an
d pr
olon
ged
accu
mul
atio
n of
refu
se; a
nd
Sche
dule
noi
sy o
pera
tions
, e.g
. ref
use
chut
e op
erat
ions
, to
a le
ss
dist
urbi
ng ti
me
and
impl
emen
t mea
sure
s to
redu
ce im
pact
noi
se.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Min
imis
e re
furb
ishm
ent o
f com
mon
are
as a
nd e
ncou
rage
bui
ldin
g oc
cupa
nts t
o do
like
wis
e; a
ndIm
plem
ent r
egul
ar re
cycl
ing
prog
ram
me
for s
ortin
g an
d re
cycl
ing
of o
pera
tiona
l was
te.
(a)
(b)
Esta
blis
h pr
oper
hou
se r
ules
and
a f
it-ou
t gu
ide,
by
mak
ing
refe
renc
e to
Dee
d of
Mut
ual C
oven
ant a
nd th
e EP
D re
quire
men
ts,
requ
iring
occ
upie
rs o
r ow
ners
to
notif
y th
e m
anag
emen
t of
fice
befo
re s
uch
wor
k is
to b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t. T
he r
ules
and
gui
de
(a)
To m
inim
ize
the
adve
rse
impa
ct o
n en
viro
nmen
t, pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld ta
ke th
e fo
llow
ing
mea
sure
s:
WA
STE
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
5W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T5
To m
inim
ize
nuis
ance
and
dis
turb
ance
to
occu
pier
s, th
e fo
llow
ing
oper
atin
g gu
ides
are
use
ful
whe
n ca
rryi
ng o
ut f
it-ou
ts,
deco
ratio
n or
re
nova
tion:
69H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
68
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
shou
ld b
e po
sted
at a
pro
min
ent p
lace
of
the
build
ing
or e
stat
e,
and/
or o
n an
intra
net f
or o
ccup
ants
and
ow
ners
to d
ownl
oad;
Esta
blis
h a
prop
er re
gist
ratio
n sy
stem
requ
iring
all
cont
ract
ors
to
regi
ster
with
the
man
agem
ent
offic
e th
eir
inte
nded
con
stru
ctio
n w
ork.
Form
ulat
e pr
oper
w
orki
ng
proc
edur
es
and
requ
ire
occu
pier
s and
con
tract
ors t
o di
spos
e w
aste
pro
perly
;
Cha
rge
a fit
-out
dep
osit
so th
at, w
hene
ver a
ny c
ontra
ctor
s br
each
th
e ho
use
rule
s or
the
fit-o
ut g
uide
, the
dep
osit
can
be u
sed
as a
to
ol to
com
pel t
hem
to re
med
y un
auth
oriz
ed w
ork
or d
umpi
ng o
f w
aste
;
Iden
tify
and
mai
ntai
n a
list
of u
nits
or
area
s of
whi
ch f
it-ou
t, de
cora
tion
or r
enov
atio
n ac
tiviti
es a
re b
eing
car
ried
out
so t
hat
secu
rity
guar
ds c
ondu
ct fr
eque
nt p
atro
ls to
thes
e lo
catio
ns, p
ayin
g pa
rticu
lar
atte
ntio
n to
pos
sibl
e po
llutio
n an
d ac
cum
ulat
ion
of
was
te.
Enha
nced
pat
rol a
nd a
cces
s co
ntro
l at e
ntra
nces
are
als
o es
sent
ial m
eans
to m
onito
r fire
safe
ty;
Rem
ind
cont
ract
ors
of th
e C
onst
ruct
ion
Was
te C
harg
ing
Sche
me
of t
he E
PD a
nd r
eque
st f
or w
aste
tra
nsac
tion
reco
rds
whe
re
appl
icab
le. P
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld c
onsi
der
open
ing
a bi
lling
ac
coun
t w
ith t
he E
PD d
irect
ly a
nd b
e re
imbu
rsed
by
occu
pier
s an
d/or
con
tract
ors f
or w
aste
dis
posa
l cha
rges
;
Req
uire
con
tract
ors
to o
btai
n no
ise
perm
its fr
om th
e EP
D b
efor
e no
isy
wor
ks a
re c
arrie
d ou
t;
Req
uire
con
tract
ors t
o re
gist
er a
s a c
hem
ical
was
te p
rodu
cer a
t the
EP
D a
nd e
nsur
e ch
emic
als
are
bein
g co
llect
ed a
nd d
ispo
sed
by
licen
sed
colle
ctor
s;
Rep
ort t
o th
e EP
D o
n an
y of
fenc
e su
ch a
s un
auth
oriz
ed d
umpi
ng
of c
onst
ruct
ion
was
te; a
nd
Impl
emen
t re
gula
rly
gree
n ac
tiviti
es,
such
as
ex
hibi
tions
, w
orks
hops
and
tra
inin
g, f
or r
esid
ents
and
occ
upie
rs t
o pr
omot
e aw
aren
ess o
n en
viro
nmen
tal p
rote
ctio
n.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Sche
dule
noi
sy o
pera
tions
, suc
h as
cut
ting
and
drill
ing,
to a
less
di
stur
bing
tim
e;
Arr
ange
a te
mpo
rary
retre
at fo
r occ
upie
rs;
Des
igna
te a
n ar
ea fo
r tem
pora
ry st
orag
e of
con
stru
ctio
n w
aste
;
Util
ize
rubb
er w
heel
trol
leys
for t
rans
porti
ng m
ater
ials
and
was
te;
Clo
se th
e m
ain
entra
nce
door
of i
ndiv
idua
l uni
t und
er d
ecor
atio
n al
l the
tim
e du
ring
the
wor
k pe
riod.
In
cas
e w
indo
ws
are
to b
e op
ened
, ens
ure
the
exha
uste
d ai
r, pr
obab
ly c
onta
inin
g du
st a
nd
fum
es, s
houl
d no
t cau
se n
uisa
nce
to n
eigh
bour
s du
ring
the
wor
k pe
riod;
Prov
ide
air
purif
iers
in
encl
osed
wor
k ar
eas
to r
emov
e od
ours
, du
st, V
OC
s and
the
like;
Moi
sten
and
/or v
acuu
m w
ork
area
s reg
ular
ly;
Inst
all
tem
pora
ry d
ust
scre
ens
and/
or n
oise
bar
rier
scre
ens
to
isol
ate
dust
y or
noi
sy w
ork
area
s; a
nd
Prov
ide
tem
pora
ry m
echa
nica
l ve
ntila
tion
to r
emov
e du
st a
nd
fum
es, e
spec
ially
whe
n pa
intin
g w
ork
is b
eing
car
ried
out
in a
co
nfin
ed o
r sem
i-con
fined
spac
e.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
5.5
C
ontr
ol o
f VO
Cs
Man
y bu
ildin
g m
ater
ials
we
have
in o
ur h
omes
, suc
h as
pai
nts,
carp
ets a
nd
adhe
sive
s, co
mpo
site
woo
d pr
oduc
ts a
nd u
phol
ster
y fa
bric
s, re
leas
e VO
Cs.
Som
e ot
her m
ater
ials
that
may
be
hand
led
by p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
in d
aily
bu
ildin
g op
erat
ions
, inc
ludi
ng c
lean
ing
and
disi
nfec
ting
chem
ical
s, or
gani
c so
lven
ts, p
rintin
g in
k an
d pe
trole
um p
rodu
cts,
also
con
tain
VO
Cs.
VO
Cs
WA
STE
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
5W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T5
have
a lo
ng la
stin
g de
trim
enta
l eff
ect o
n th
e en
viro
nmen
t cau
sing
air
pollu
tion
in
term
s of
od
ours
, ha
zard
ous
fum
es
and
smog
, an
d at
tribu
ting
to t
he f
orm
atio
n of
ozo
ne a
nd f
ine
parti
cula
tes
in t
he
atm
osph
ere.
Sm
og w
ould
be
parti
cula
rly s
ever
e in
sta
gnan
t w
eath
er
cond
ition
, an
d m
ay r
educ
e ou
r vi
sibi
lity,
irr
itate
our
eye
s, n
ose
and
thro
at, a
nd w
orse
n ou
r res
pira
tory
sys
tem
. It
is p
artic
ular
ly h
arm
ful t
o ch
ildre
n an
d th
e el
derly
. P
rolo
nged
exp
osur
e to
sev
ere
smog
may
ca
use
perm
anen
t dam
age
to lu
ng ti
ssue
and
incr
ease
the
risk
of c
ance
r, liv
er d
amag
e, k
idne
y da
mag
e an
d ce
ntra
l ner
vous
sys
tem
dam
age.
The
follo
win
g ar
e ef
fect
ive
mea
sure
s fo
r pr
even
ting
or m
inim
izin
g V
OC
em
issi
ons:
In c
ase
proc
urem
ent o
f V
OC
-con
tain
ing
prod
ucts
or
mat
eria
ls a
nd th
eir
stor
age
in a
bui
ldin
g or
est
ate
are
nece
ssar
y, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld
impl
emen
t the
follo
win
g be
st p
ract
ices
:
71H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
70
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Mai
ntai
n pr
oper
rec
ords
and
sto
ck l
evel
s of
VO
C-c
onta
inin
g pr
oduc
ts o
r mat
eria
ls;
Stor
e in
airt
ight
con
tain
ers
and
in a
coo
l pla
ce.
The
cont
aine
rs
shou
ld b
e se
aled
tigh
tly to
avo
id e
vapo
ratio
n;
Stac
k pr
oper
ly to
avo
id a
ccid
enta
l spi
llage
and
was
tage
as a
resu
ltof
con
tain
er b
reak
age;
Sepa
rate
V
OC
-con
tain
ing
prod
ucts
or
m
ater
ials
fr
om
othe
r fla
mm
able
item
s to
redu
ce fi
re ri
sk;
Prov
ide
train
ing
to s
taff
who
han
dle
VO
C-c
onta
inin
g pr
oduc
ts
or m
ater
ials
;
Prov
ide
natu
ral
vent
ilatio
n or
, if
not
poss
ible
, m
echa
nica
l ve
ntila
tion
to st
orag
e sp
aces
; and
Dis
card
em
pty
cont
aine
rs
of V
OC
-con
tain
ing
prod
ucts
an
d m
ater
ials
as c
hem
ical
was
te.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Use
zer
o-V
OC
or l
ow-V
OC
pro
duct
s;
Use
wat
er-b
ased
pai
nts,
prim
ers a
nd se
aler
s;
Use
bru
shes
or r
olle
rs in
stea
d of
spra
y rig
s to
min
imiz
e ut
iliza
tion
of so
lven
ts a
nd th
inne
rs;
Use
inor
gani
c cl
eani
ng so
lven
ts;
Avoi
d us
ing
aero
sol c
onsu
mer
pro
duct
s suc
h as
air
fres
hene
rs a
nd
inse
ctic
ides
;
Proc
ure
prod
ucts
or m
ater
ials
with
pro
duct
s/m
ater
ials
saf
ety
data
sh
eets
, w
hich
con
tain
inf
orm
atio
n on
the
pot
entia
l ha
zard
s an
d ho
w to
wor
k sa
fely
with
the
chem
ical
pro
duct
s/m
ater
ials
;
Proc
ure
prod
ucts
or
m
ater
ials
w
ith
min
imum
pa
ckag
ing
as
prin
ting
gene
rate
s VO
Cs;
Use
pre
fabr
icat
ed p
rodu
cts
to a
void
on-
site
cut
ting
and
pain
ting;
an
d
Ado
pt p
artia
l to
uch-
up i
nste
ad o
f co
mpr
ehen
sive
rep
aint
ing,
w
here
ver a
ppro
pria
te.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
5.6
Pr
inci
ple
of W
aste
Man
agem
ent
To p
rom
ote
gree
n m
anag
emen
t an
d a
sust
aina
ble
cultu
re,
all
prop
erty
m
anag
emen
t sta
ff sh
ould
obs
erve
a c
oher
ent w
aste
man
agem
ent p
rinci
ple,
i.e
. 3-R
Prin
cipl
e -
“Red
uce”
, “R
euse
” an
d “R
ecyc
le”,
in e
very
sta
ge o
f w
aste
pro
duct
ion
and
man
agem
ent.
5.6.
1
Red
uctio
n of
was
te
Red
uctio
n of
was
te s
tarts
fro
m r
educ
tion
of c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
utili
zatio
n.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
exe
rcis
e ef
fect
ive
cont
rol
on m
ater
ial/p
rodu
ct
cons
umpt
ion
and
utili
zatio
n an
d av
oid
unne
cess
ary
cutti
ng, w
asta
ge,
WA
STE
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
5W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T5
spill
age,
bre
akag
e or
mec
hani
cal d
amag
e by
van
dalis
m.
To a
rous
e th
e aw
aren
ess
of o
ccup
iers
abo
ut r
educ
tion
of w
aste
, pro
perty
man
ager
s sh
ould
als
o ex
hibi
t no
tices
at
prom
inen
t pl
aces
to
rem
ind
user
s to
re
duce
the
cons
umpt
ion
of c
onsu
mab
les,
such
as u
sing
less
tiss
ue p
aper
in
toile
ts a
nd le
ss p
last
ic b
ags
for s
hopp
ing.
To r
educ
e w
aste
, pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld a
dher
e to
the
fol
low
ing
guid
elin
es:
73H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
72
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Min
imiz
e th
e us
age
of p
rodu
cts
cont
aini
ng V
OC
s, ch
emic
als
or
othe
r haz
ardo
us c
onte
nt, s
uch
as c
lean
ing
agen
ts, a
nd e
stab
lish
a pr
oper
con
trol s
yste
m in
this
rega
rd; a
nd
Ado
pt tw
o-si
de c
opyi
ng, e
lect
roni
c fil
ing
and
emai
ling
to re
duce
pa
per c
onsu
mpt
ion.
(g)
(h)
Impl
emen
t reg
ular
mai
nten
ance
and
serv
icin
g to
bui
ldin
g fa
cilit
ies
and
equi
pmen
t to
redu
ce w
ear a
nd te
ar, i
mpr
ove
thei
r fun
ctio
nal
perf
orm
ance
and
effi
cien
cy,
redu
ce t
he u
tiliz
atio
n of
ene
rgy
or
fuel
s, an
d m
inim
ize
the
need
for
rep
lace
men
t of
par
ts a
nd
com
pone
nts;
Rep
lace
com
pone
nts
and
parts
onl
y w
hen
they
are
bey
ond
econ
omic
al re
pair;
To m
inim
ize
natu
ral d
eter
iora
tion
and
obso
lesc
ence
, kee
p sp
are
parts
and
com
pone
nts
in s
tock
at a
min
imum
whi
le b
eing
abl
e to
m
aint
ain
perf
orm
ance
and
ope
ratio
nal r
elia
bilit
y;
Mak
e pr
ecis
e or
derin
g to
avo
id o
ver-s
ized
/und
er-s
ized
item
s an
d as
soci
ated
cut
ting;
Proc
ure
faci
litie
s, m
achi
nes
and
equi
pmen
t w
ith g
ood
ener
gy
perf
orm
ance
, a
long
life
exp
ecta
ncy,
and
zer
o/lo
w c
hem
ical
co
nsum
ptio
n;
Exer
cise
pro
per
stor
age,
sta
ckin
g, a
nd p
rote
ctio
n of
fra
gile
co
mpo
nent
s an
d pa
rts
to a
void
acc
iden
tal
dam
age.
Si
mila
r ar
rang
emen
t sh
ould
be
prov
ided
to
stor
age
of f
uels
, suc
h as
liq
uefi
ed
petr
oleu
m
gas
(LPG
) an
d di
esel
, to
av
oid
leak
age/
spill
age.
Pro
per r
ecor
ds o
f inf
low
and
out
flow
of t
he
afor
esai
d go
ods
shou
ld b
e m
aint
aine
d to
avo
id o
vers
tock
ing;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Ado
pt d
emou
ntab
le o
r rem
ovab
le d
esig
n fo
r bui
ldin
g co
mpo
nent
s, su
ch a
s of
fice
parti
tions
, pav
ing
bloc
ks a
nd c
eilin
g ac
cess
pan
els,
so th
at fu
ture
relo
catio
n an
d op
enin
g up
can
be
proc
eede
d w
ithou
t da
mag
ing
the
asso
ciat
ed st
ruct
ure;
Pack
and
sto
re p
rope
rly b
uild
ing
mat
eria
ls/c
hem
ical
s, of
whi
ch
thei
r pa
ckag
ing
has
been
ope
ned
due
to p
artia
l con
sum
ptio
n bu
t be
fore
con
tam
inat
ion,
for f
utur
e re
use;
For a
ir-co
nditi
onin
g sy
stem
s, pa
ck a
nd st
ore
the
refr
iger
ant w
hich
ha
s be
en te
mpo
raril
y re
mov
ed f
or o
verh
aulin
g of
chi
llers
or
for
othe
r pur
pose
in ti
ghtly
sea
led
cont
aine
rs to
avo
id c
onta
min
atio
n an
d le
akag
e;
Req
uest
con
tract
ors
to i
mpl
emen
t w
aste
sep
arat
ion
at s
ourc
e to
en
able
reu
se o
f in
ert c
onst
ruct
ion
was
te, s
uch
as b
roke
n st
ones
, til
es, c
oncr
ete
and
bric
ks, a
risin
g fr
om b
uild
ing
reno
vatio
n. T
he
iner
t w
aste
is
usef
ul f
or r
ecla
mat
ion
if th
ese
iner
t m
ater
ials
are
se
para
ted
from
oth
er b
iode
grad
able
was
te li
ke ti
mbe
r; an
d
Reu
se p
rinte
d pa
per
on t
he o
ther
sid
e.
Reu
se p
aper
fol
ders
re
peat
edly
unt
il th
ey a
re d
amag
ed.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5.6.
2
Re-
utili
zatio
n of
was
te
Whe
n co
nsum
ptio
n or
util
izat
ion
cann
ot b
e fu
rther
red
uced
, pr
oper
ty
man
ager
s sh
ould
con
side
r th
e pr
inci
ple
of r
euse
and
im
plem
ent
the
follo
win
g m
easu
res:
WA
STE
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
5W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T5
5.6.
3
Rec
yclin
g of
was
te
Rec
yclin
g is
als
o an
effe
ctiv
e m
etho
d to
redu
ce th
e bu
rden
on
our a
lread
y co
nges
ted
land
fills
. H
owev
er, t
his a
ppro
ach
shou
ld b
e ad
opte
d on
ly a
s the
la
st r
esor
t, i.e
. af
ter
redu
ctio
n an
d re
use
of w
aste
hav
e be
en f
ully
co
nsid
ered
and
pra
ctic
ed.
Prio
r pl
anni
ng i
s a
criti
cal
succ
ess
fact
or t
o fa
cilit
ate
effe
ctiv
e re
cycl
ing
of w
aste
:
75H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
74
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Rec
ycle
the
rem
ains
or
was
te a
risin
g fr
om r
outin
e m
aint
enan
ce
oper
atio
ns,
such
as
ch
emic
als,
lubr
ican
t an
d oi
l, to
av
oid
cont
amin
atio
n of
se
wer
s th
roug
h un
auth
oriz
ed
disc
harg
e.
Rec
yclin
g ac
tiviti
es s
houl
d be
per
form
ed b
y co
ntra
ctor
s lic
ense
d by
the
EPD
and
pro
per r
ecor
ds sh
ould
be
mai
ntai
ned;
Reg
ular
ly i
nspe
ct e
stat
e ro
ads,
carp
arks
and
the
lik
e fo
r an
y le
akag
e or
una
utho
rized
dum
ping
of o
il; a
nd
Org
aniz
e a
seco
ndar
y m
arke
t for
goo
ds e
xcha
nge
betw
een
owne
rs
and
occu
pier
s.
(e)
(f)
(g)
Enco
urag
e w
aste
sep
arat
ion
at s
ourc
e in
dom
estic
bui
ldin
gs b
y pa
rtici
patio
n of
the
EPD
pro
gram
me.
Th
e EP
D i
ntro
duce
d a
terr
itory
-wid
e w
aste
rec
over
y pr
ogra
mm
e in
Jan
uary
200
5 to
fa
cilit
ate
was
te s
epar
atio
n at
hou
seho
ld l
evel
to
incr
ease
the
re
cove
ry o
f do
mes
tic w
aste
. P
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld o
btai
n fu
nds f
rom
bui
ldin
g ow
ners
for p
rovi
sion
of r
espe
ctiv
e co
ntai
ners
an
d ar
rang
e re
cycl
ing
cont
ract
ors f
or su
ch p
urpo
se;
Enco
urag
e w
aste
sep
arat
ion
at s
ourc
e on
con
stru
ctio
n/re
nova
tion
site
s;
Impl
emen
t an
d pr
omot
e re
cycl
ing
of d
omes
tic o
r co
mm
erci
al
trade
was
te f
rom
ope
ratio
ns a
nd m
aint
enan
ce a
ctiv
ities
, or
thos
e ge
nera
ted
by c
ontra
ctor
s’ ac
tiviti
es.
Item
s us
ed t
o be
rec
ycle
d in
clud
e bu
t not
lim
ited
to:
- w
aste
pap
er;
- sc
rap
met
als;
- w
oode
n fu
rnitu
re a
nd th
e lik
e;-
plas
tic b
ottle
s or b
ags;
- pr
inte
rs, c
opie
rs o
r fac
sim
ile in
k;-
batte
ries;
- el
ectri
cal a
pplia
nces
; and
- us
ed c
loth
es.
Enco
urag
e re
cycl
ing
in t
he c
omm
unity
and
for
mul
ate
a pr
oper
pr
ocur
emen
t po
licy
whi
ch f
acili
tate
s th
e ad
optio
n of
sta
tione
ry,
mat
eria
ls, f
acili
ties
or o
ther
sim
ilar p
rodu
cts
mad
e fr
om re
cycl
ed
mat
eria
ls;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
WA
STE
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
5W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T5
32H
KSA
R E
nviro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n D
epar
tmen
t, Ef
fect
s of C
limat
e C
hang
e in
HK
,
<ht
tp://
ww
w.ep
d.go
v.hk
/epd
/eng
lish/
clim
ate_
chan
ge/lo
cal_
effe
cts.h
tml>
33H
KSA
R H
ong
Kon
g O
bser
vato
ry, O
bser
ved
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
in H
K,
<http
://w
ww.
hko.
gov.
hk/c
limat
e_ch
ange
/obs
_hk_
tem
p_e.
htm
>34
The
Hon
g K
ong
Poly
tech
nic
Uni
vers
ity (2
008)
, Top
-not
ch E
xper
ts to
Ass
ess I
mpa
ct o
f Urb
an H
eat I
sland
Effe
cts
35Fu
ng e
t al.
(200
9), D
eriv
atio
n of
Nig
httim
e U
rban
Air
Tem
pera
ture
Usi
ng a
Sat
ellit
e Th
erm
al Im
age
6.1
In
trod
uctio
n
Ove
r th
e pa
st 5
0 ye
ars,
the
rel
ease
d vo
lum
e of
CO
2 an
d ot
her
gree
nhou
se g
ases
(GH
Gs)
has
incr
ease
d ra
pidl
y. W
hen
the
dem
and
of
ener
gy i
ncre
ases
, m
ore
foss
il fu
els
are
burn
t. C
onse
quen
tly,
the
incr
ease
in
GH
Gs
emis
sion
s in
tens
ifies
the
nat
ural
gre
enho
use
effe
ct
caus
ing
glob
al w
arm
ing.
Fro
m 1
906
to 2
005,
the
aver
age
tem
pera
ture
of
the
Earth
has
rise
n by
0.7
4°C
. In
HK
, the
ave
rage
tem
pera
ture
has
be
en r
isin
g at
a r
ate
0.22
°C/d
ecad
e si
nce
1983
and
is
antic
ipat
ed t
o in
crea
se b
y 4.
8°C
dur
ing
the
deca
de 2
090
– 20
9932
(Fig
ure
6.1)
.
Res
earc
h ha
s sh
own
that
the
aver
age
diffe
renc
e in
tem
pera
ture
bet
wee
n th
e ur
ban
and
rura
l are
as in
HK
is a
roun
d 7°
C to
8°C
in th
e w
inte
r and
5°C
to 6
°C i
n th
e su
mm
er.34
The
tem
pera
ture
diff
eren
ce i
s du
e to
the
w
ides
prea
d us
e of
air-
cond
ition
ers
to m
aint
ain
a co
mfo
rtabl
e in
tern
al
envi
ronm
ent,
alon
gsid
e th
e co
ncre
te
jung
le
in
the
urba
n ar
ea.
Air
cond
ition
ers l
ower
the
tem
pera
ture
typi
cally
thro
ugh
a re
frig
erat
ion
cycl
e,
but s
omet
imes
usi
ng e
vapo
ratio
n or
free
coo
ling.
In th
e co
olin
g pr
oces
s, he
at is
abs
orbe
d fr
om in
door
s and
tran
sfer
red
outd
oors
. The
reje
cted
hea
tfu
rther
inc
reas
e th
e ou
tdoo
r te
mpe
ratu
re,
with
the
situ
atio
n be
com
ing
wor
se a
s m
ore
air
cond
ition
ers
are
turn
ed o
n to
com
bat
the
high
er
tem
pera
ture
s (Fi
gure
6.2
).
Bes
ides
glo
bal w
arm
ing,
the
urba
n he
at is
land
(UH
I) e
ffect
is o
ne o
f the
re
ason
s w
hy o
ur c
ity s
uffe
rs a
hot
ter
envi
ronm
ent
than
its
sur
roun
ding
ru
ral a
reas
. Th
e co
re u
rban
are
a of
HK
is a
con
cret
e ju
ngle
with
a h
igh
dens
ity o
f bu
ildin
gs,
pave
d su
rfac
es a
nd h
ard
land
scap
es.
All
thes
e el
emen
ts a
bsor
b an
d st
ore
the
sun’
s he
at a
nd h
ence
the
urb
an a
rea
is
war
mer
than
the
coun
trysi
de.
At n
ight
, the
se e
lem
ents
con
tinue
to re
leas
e th
e ab
sorb
ed h
eat r
educ
ing
the
abili
ty o
f the
city
to c
ool d
own.
77H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
76
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 6
.1
HK
Ann
ual M
ean
Tem
pera
ture
from
188
5-20
1233
Figu
re 6
.2
Sate
llite
-der
ived
Sur
face
Tem
pera
ture
of H
K o
n
31
Jan
200
735
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
6.2
G
reen
ing
the
Bui
lt E
nvir
onm
ent
The
UH
I ef
fect
mai
nly
aris
es f
rom
for
est l
oss
and
vege
tatio
n cl
eara
nce
caus
ed b
y ra
pid
and
cont
inuo
us u
rban
isat
ion.
The
refo
re, w
e sh
ould
pla
nt
trees
, shr
ubs a
nd fl
ower
s aro
und
the
city
to e
nhan
ce th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t.
Gre
enin
g be
autif
ies
the
envi
ronm
ent
by a
ddin
g ae
sthe
tic q
ualit
y an
d hu
man
dim
ensi
on t
o th
e ur
ban
desi
gn f
or c
reat
ion
of a
mor
e pl
easa
nt
city
scap
e an
d pr
ovid
ing
sens
e of
seas
onal
cha
nge
that
enh
ance
s the
vis
ual
inte
rest
of
the
city
sce
ne a
nd v
ibra
ncy
of t
he c
ity l
ife (
Figu
re 6
.3).
Furth
erm
ore,
gre
enin
g be
nefit
s th
e Ea
rth a
nd i
mpr
oves
the
eco
logi
cal
cond
ition
. Fo
r ins
tanc
e, v
eget
atio
n im
prov
es m
icro
clim
ate
by p
rovi
ding
su
n sh
ades
and
win
dbre
aks,
abso
rbin
g he
at a
nd re
duci
ng th
e te
mpe
ratu
re
of h
ard
surf
aces
, and
enh
anci
ng th
e hu
mid
ity, h
elps
con
tain
fly
ing
dust
, an
d co
unte
rs t
he e
ffect
s of
env
ironm
enta
l po
lluta
nts,
cons
umes
CO
2em
issi
ons a
nd e
nhan
ces t
he su
pply
of o
xyge
n. S
uita
ble
trees
and
pla
nts o
f in
dige
nous
spe
cies
will
pro
vide
foo
d an
d ha
bita
ts f
or w
ildlif
e an
d he
nce
mai
ntai
n th
e ec
olog
y of
the
area
and
con
serv
e w
ildlif
e. D
ecid
uous
tree
s ar
e al
so p
refe
rred
bec
ause
they
can
pro
vide
sha
de in
the
sum
mer
whi
le
allo
win
g su
nlig
ht to
filte
r thr
ough
in th
e w
inte
r.
6.3
Pr
ovis
ion
of G
reen
Roo
fs
Inst
alla
tion
of g
reen
roof
s, w
hich
pro
vide
an
effe
ctiv
e th
erm
al in
sula
tion,
is
an
effe
ctiv
e w
ay to
con
trol s
olar
gai
n in
a b
uild
ing
and
thus
red
uces
co
olin
g lo
ads
and
loca
l ai
r te
mpe
ratu
re.
Und
er s
unlig
ht,
the
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
on
a bu
ildin
g’s
roof
may
rea
ch u
p to
55°
C.
How
ever
, afte
r in
trodu
cing
a g
reen
roo
f, m
ost
of t
he s
olar
ene
rgy
will
be
abso
rbed
by
trees
, gra
sses
and
grou
nd co
ver a
nd th
e sur
face
tem
pera
ture
of t
he ro
of w
ill
be d
ecre
ased
sig
nific
antly
. In
deed
, the
abs
orbe
d he
at is
not
sto
red
in th
e bu
ildin
g,
but
lost
to
su
rrou
ndin
g sl
owly
th
roug
h th
e pr
oces
s of
tra
nspi
ratio
n by
pla
nts.
Con
sequ
ently
, the
bui
ldin
g’s r
oof i
s mai
ntai
ned
at
a re
lativ
ely
low
tem
pera
ture
.
For t
he p
ast d
ecad
e, g
reen
roof
s hav
e be
com
e po
pula
r in
HK
. Si
nce
2001
, th
e H
K G
over
nmen
t ha
s in
corp
orat
ed p
odiu
m a
nd r
oofto
p la
ndsc
ape
desi
gn in
new
gov
ernm
ent b
uild
ings
suc
h as
hos
pita
ls, s
choo
ls a
nd o
ffice
bu
ildin
gs.
Now
aday
s, m
any
land
scap
e co
mpa
nies
pro
vide
gre
en r
oof
proj
ect s
ervi
ce to
clie
nts.
Ther
e ar
e tw
o m
ain
type
s of g
reen
roof
s; n
amel
y in
tens
ive
and
exte
nsiv
e (F
igur
e 6.
4).
Int
ensi
ve g
reen
roo
fs a
re o
ften
desi
gned
for
pod
ium
gar
dens
with
var
iety
of
plan
ts a
nd c
onta
in r
ich
cont
ent o
f hum
an u
sage
whi
le e
xten
sive
gre
en ro
ofs
are
usua
lly m
ade
up
of g
roun
d co
ver a
nd e
asy
to m
aint
ain.
The
des
ign
of g
reen
roof
s and
thei
r ch
arac
teris
tics w
ill b
e fu
rther
ela
bora
ted
in C
hapt
er 8
.
How
ever
, lan
dsca
pe ir
rigat
ion
repr
esen
ts a
sign
ifica
nt p
ortio
n of
pot
able
or
othe
r na
tura
l su
rfac
e w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n w
ithin
the
ter
ritor
y.
Impr
oper
irr
igat
ion
not o
nly
was
tes
valu
able
wat
er, b
ut e
xces
s irr
igat
ion
wat
er a
lso
carr
ies
ferti
lizer
s, pe
stic
ides
and
oth
er p
ollu
tant
s to
gro
und
and
surf
ace
wat
ers.
To
redu
ce w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n, sa
ve m
oney
and
mai
ntai
n a
heal
thy
land
scap
e, w
ater
con
serv
atio
n/re
duct
ion
tech
niqu
es,
such
as
rain
wat
er
harv
estin
g an
d xe
risca
ping
, sho
uld
be a
dopt
ed, l
ocal
spe
cies
that
requ
ire
min
imal
irr
igat
ion
shou
ld
be
sele
cted
, an
d ap
prop
riate
irr
igat
ion
sche
dulin
g sh
ould
be
impl
emen
ted.
The
red
uctio
n in
wat
er u
se h
as b
een
addr
esse
d in
Cha
pter
3.
79H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
78
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 6
.3
Lan
dsca
pe D
esig
n in
New
Wor
ld C
entr
e (L
eft)
and
the
Ave
nue
of S
tars
(Rig
ht)
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
6.4
L
ands
cape
Mai
nten
ance
Prof
essi
onal
m
anag
emen
t an
d m
aint
enan
ce
is
esse
ntia
l to
ke
ep
a la
ndsc
ape
safe
, hea
lthy,
sus
tain
able
and
attr
activ
e.
Poor
mai
nten
ance
, su
ch a
s ov
er-s
pray
and
impr
oper
wat
erin
g te
chni
ques
, will
dam
age
our
envi
ronm
ent
and
thus
tra
nsgr
esse
s th
e pu
rpos
e of
gre
enin
g.
Prop
er
plan
ning
and
des
ign
is a
pre
requ
isite
to b
uild
a fu
nctio
nal a
nd e
njoy
able
la
ndsc
ape.
Pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld c
onsi
der
wha
t ki
nd o
f pl
ants
is
requ
ired,
whe
re th
ey sh
ould
be
plan
ted
and
wha
t the
ir ch
arac
teris
tics a
re.
Oth
erw
ise,
th
e gr
eeni
ng
may
ha
ve
unex
pect
ed
and
unde
sira
ble
cons
eque
nces
. Fo
r ex
ampl
e, a
pro
perty
man
ager
pur
chas
ed s
ome
frui
t tre
es l
ike
papa
ya t
rees
acc
ordi
ng t
o re
side
nts’
req
uest
. T
he t
rees
at
tract
ed v
ario
us ty
pes
of in
sect
s be
caus
e of
thei
r sm
ell a
nd th
e ta
ste
of
thei
r fr
uit.
To
kill
the
inse
cts,
the
lan
dsca
pe c
ontra
ctor
use
d lo
ts o
f in
sect
icid
es a
nd c
hem
ical
s, w
hich
not
onl
y da
mag
ed th
e oz
one
laye
r but
al
so c
ause
d ha
rm to
resi
dent
s’ h
ealth
.
Furth
erm
ore,
org
anic
pes
ticid
es f
or p
est
and
inse
ct c
ontro
l sh
ould
be
sele
cted
, whe
neve
r nec
essa
ry:
6.4.
1
Soil
test
Soils
suffe
ring
from
dep
lete
d or
gani
c m
atte
r and
exc
essi
ve c
ompa
ctio
n ar
e co
mm
only
seen
in u
rban
env
ironm
ents
. To
pro
mot
e he
alth
y pl
ant g
row
th,
it is
nec
essa
ry to
per
form
soil
test
s to
dete
rmin
e the
soil
pH, n
utrie
nt le
vels
, or
gani
c m
atte
r an
d ne
cess
ary
soil
amen
dmen
ts.
Bas
ed o
n th
e te
stin
g re
sults
, fer
tiliz
ing
shou
ld b
e pr
ocee
ded
as n
eces
sary
.
6.4.
2
Vari
ety
of p
lant
s
Rep
lace
men
t of
pla
nts
is i
ndis
pens
able
for
mai
ntai
ning
a f
resh
and
at
tract
ive
gard
en.
Dur
ing
repl
acem
ent,
drou
ght-t
oler
ant
nativ
e an
d no
n-na
tive
trees
, sh
rubs
, gr
ound
cove
rs a
nd p
eren
nial
s gr
owin
g in
the
ga
rden
sho
uld
be c
hose
n.
Sinc
e th
ese
kind
s of
pla
nts
achi
eve
the
sam
e ob
ject
ive
of s
hade
, co
lour
, te
xtur
e an
d se
ason
al i
nter
est,
the
orig
inal
la
ndsc
ape
desi
gn w
ill b
e re
tain
ed in
the
gard
en.
6.4.
3 M
ulch
ing
Add
ing
com
post
and
mul
ch to
soi
l has
to b
e do
ne a
t lea
st o
nce
a ye
ar.
Whe
n co
mpa
red
with
unm
ulch
ed p
lant
ing
area
s, m
ulch
ing
redu
ces
wat
er
use
by re
duci
ng e
vapo
ratio
n an
d ru
noff.
To p
rote
ct o
ur en
viro
nmen
t, or
gani
c fer
tiliz
ers s
houl
d al
so b
e spe
cifie
d an
d us
ed:
As i
ndic
ated
abo
ve, t
here
is a
regi
stra
tion
num
ber a
ssig
ned
to e
ach
type
of
pest
icid
e by
the
Agr
icul
ture
, Fi
sher
ies
and
Con
serv
atio
n D
epar
tmen
t in
dica
ting
thes
e pe
stic
ides
are
safe
and
acc
epte
d by
the
HK
Gov
ernm
ent.
Whe
n se
lect
ing
pest
icid
es, o
nly
regi
ster
ed p
rodu
cts
shou
ld b
e sp
ecifi
ed.
Mor
eove
r, pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
have
to
pay
atte
ntio
n to
the
fol
low
ing
aspe
cts o
f lan
dsca
pe m
aint
enan
ce.
81H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
80
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 6
.4
Inte
nsiv
e (L
eft)
and
Ext
ensi
ve (R
ight
) Gre
en R
oof G
arde
n
Allr
ound
(Aba
mec
tin 1
.8%
EC
) (2P
226)
蟎
Kin
gbo
(Oxy
mat
rine
0.2%
+ P
sora
len
0.4%
L) (
2P29
1)
Trilo
gy (N
eem
70%
W/W
EC
) (2P
262)
SK E
nSpr
ay (M
iner
al O
il 99
% E
C) (
2P19
3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
350
Nut
riSm
art
Wel
lgro
w
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
6.4.
4
Irri
gatio
n sy
stem
As
disc
usse
d in
Cha
pter
3,
effe
ctiv
e irr
igat
ion
shou
ld b
e ut
ilise
d to
m
inim
ise
the
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
for
land
scap
ing.
Ef
fect
ive
irrig
atio
n sy
stem
s can
del
iver
wat
er to
root
zon
e di
rect
ly so
that
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
can
be r
educ
ed b
y 50
% t
o 70
%.
A s
prin
kler
hea
d w
ith l
ow-a
ngle
and
lo
w-v
olum
e is
als
o an
effe
ctiv
e irr
igat
ion
devi
ce f
or g
arde
n an
d la
wn
area
s. M
oreo
ver,
prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
sep
arat
e zo
nes
for
plan
ting
area
s and
law
ns to
mat
ch w
ater
ing
requ
irem
ents
and
pro
vide
less
freq
uent
w
ater
ing
but l
onge
r tim
ing
to p
rom
ote
deep
er ro
otin
g.
6.4.
5
Tim
ing
for
fert
ilizi
ng a
nd p
runi
ng
In d
ry s
easo
ns, f
ertil
izin
g an
d pr
unin
g sh
ould
be
avoi
ded
sinc
e th
ese
activ
ities
stim
ulat
e pl
ant
grow
th a
nd i
ncre
ase
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
(Fig
ure
6.5)
.
6.5
C
ontr
ol a
nd M
onito
ring
Prop
er la
ndsc
ape
desi
gn a
nd m
aint
enan
ce c
reat
e a
frie
ndly
env
ironm
ent
for
resi
dent
s an
d w
ildlif
e.
Usi
ng e
ffect
ive
irrig
atio
n sy
stem
s, pl
antin
g dr
ough
t-res
ista
nt p
lant
s, in
stal
ling
gree
n ro
ofs,
appl
ying
pro
per
mul
ch,
redu
cing
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
avoi
ding
use
of c
hem
ical
s and
pes
ticid
es
are
the
late
st t
rend
in
sust
aina
ble
land
scap
e de
sign
. I
n m
any
case
s, la
ndsc
ape
mai
nten
ance
is o
utso
urce
d to
land
scap
e co
mpa
nies
. Th
eir
gard
ener
s m
ay k
now
how
to
trim
and
wat
er t
he p
lant
s da
ily b
ut l
ack
expe
rtise
in
m
aint
aini
ng
an
envi
ronm
enta
lly-f
riend
ly
gard
en.
Ther
efor
e, p
rofe
ssio
nal p
rope
rty a
nd fa
cilit
y m
anag
ers
shou
ld e
stab
lish
a co
rpor
ate
envi
ronm
enta
l po
licy,
inc
ludi
ng t
he a
void
ance
, re
duct
ion
and
cont
rol
of e
nviro
nmen
tal
pollu
tion,
and
coa
ch t
he l
ands
cape
co
ntra
ctor
s to
impl
emen
t sus
tain
able
land
scap
ing
man
agem
ent.
83H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
82
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Figu
re 6
.5
Prun
ing
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
LA
ND
SCA
PIN
G M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T6
7.1
In
trod
ucti
on
Effe
ctiv
e pr
oper
ty m
anag
emen
t en
hanc
es t
he q
ualit
y of
liv
ing.
Apa
rt fr
om s
ecur
ity, s
afet
y an
d hy
gien
e, p
eopl
e ar
e al
so c
once
rned
abo
ut th
e en
viro
nmen
t of
the
ir liv
ing
and
wor
king
pla
ces.
Th
eref
ore,
it
is
impo
rtant
for
pro
perty
man
ager
s to
dev
elop
var
ious
env
ironm
enta
l pr
otec
tion
mea
sure
s in
res
pons
e to
the
soa
ring
expe
ctat
ions
of
the
publ
ic.
Mea
nwhi
le,
the
legi
slat
ion
stip
ulat
es s
peci
fic e
nviro
nmen
tal
prot
ectio
n re
quire
men
ts, a
nd n
on-c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
ese
requ
irem
ents
m
ay a
ttrac
t leg
al li
abili
ties.
7.2
N
oise
The
Noi
se C
ontr
ol O
rdin
ance
(N
CO
) (C
ap. 4
00)
prov
ides
con
trol
on
mos
t ty
pes
of e
nvir
onm
enta
l no
ise
in H
K.
Som
e ex
cept
ions
are
oc
cupa
tiona
l noi
se, w
hich
is g
over
ned
by th
e In
dust
rial
Und
erta
king
s O
rdin
ance
(Cap
. 59)
, and
noi
se c
ause
d by
air
craf
ts, w
hich
is g
over
ned
by th
e C
ivil
Avi
atio
n (A
ircr
aft N
oise
) O
rdin
ance
(C
ap. 3
12).
Und
er
the
NC
O,
envi
ronm
enta
l no
ise
is
clas
sifi
ed
into
si
x ca
tego
ries
ac
cord
ing
to it
s lo
catio
ns a
nd s
ourc
es:
7.2.
1
Noi
se fr
om d
omes
tic p
rem
ises
and
pub
lic p
lace
s
Sect
ion
4 of
the
NC
O p
rohi
bits
mak
ing
of n
oise
whi
ch is
a s
ourc
e of
an
noya
nce
to a
ny p
erso
n du
ring
1l:0
0 p.
m. t
o 7:
00 a
.m.,
or a
t any
tim
e on
a g
ener
al h
olid
ay.
Not
onl
y th
e no
ise
mak
er, t
he o
wne
r, te
nant
, or
occu
pier
may
als
o be
cha
rged
if th
ey k
now
ingl
y pe
rmit
the
nois
e.
7.2.
2
Noi
se fr
om c
onst
ruct
ion
site
s
Und
er S
ectio
n 6
of' t
he N
CO
, bet
wee
n th
e ho
urs
of 7
p.m
. to
7 a.
m.,
or
at a
ny ti
me
on a
gen
eral
hol
iday
, whe
n a
cons
truct
ion
nois
e pe
rmit
is
not i
n fo
rce,
usi
ng p
ower
ed m
echa
nica
l equ
ipm
ent f
or th
e pu
rpos
e of
ca
rryi
ng o
ut a
ny c
onst
ruct
ion
wor
k, c
arry
ing
out p
ercu
ssiv
e pi
ling,
and
ca
rryi
ng o
ut p
resc
ribed
con
stru
ctio
n w
ork
are
offe
nces
. H
owev
er, t
he
owne
r or
ten
ant
may
per
form
con
stru
ctio
n w
ork
in t
heir
prem
ises
if
only
one
pie
ce o
f por
tabl
e po
wer
ed m
echa
nica
l equ
ipm
ent i
s us
ed.
The
max
imum
pen
alty
for
the
se o
ffen
ces
is $
100,
000
fine
for
fir
st
conv
ictio
n, $
200,
000
fine
for
sec
ond
or s
ubse
quen
t co
nvic
tion
and
$20,
000
fine
for e
ach
day
for c
ontin
uous
off
ence
.
Und
er S
ectio
n 5
of th
e N
CO
, typ
ical
nui
sanc
e no
ise
is c
ause
d by
:
The
max
imum
pen
alty
for
com
mitt
ing
an o
ffen
ce u
nder
the
abo
ve
sect
ion
is a
fine
of H
K$1
0,00
0.
Whe
n m
anag
emen
t of
fices
rec
eive
com
plai
nts
abou
t ne
ighb
ourh
ood
nois
e, t
hey
shou
ld i
nspe
ct t
he p
lace
and
giv
e ap
prop
riate
adv
ice
or
war
ning
to th
e no
ise
mak
ers.
If th
e si
tuat
ion
is n
ot im
prov
ed, t
hey
shou
ld
seek
ass
ista
nce
from
the
polic
e.
85H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
84
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
nois
e fr
om
dom
estic
pr
emis
es
and
publ
ic
plac
es
(gen
eral
ne
ighb
ourh
ood
nois
es);
nois
e fr
om c
onst
ruct
ion
site
s;no
ise
from
pla
ces o
ther
than
dom
estic
pre
mis
es, p
ublic
pla
ces o
r co
nstru
ctio
n si
tes
(indu
stria
l and
com
mer
cial
noi
ses)
;no
ise
from
intru
de a
larm
sys
tem
s;no
ise
from
noi
sy p
rodu
cts;
and
nois
e fr
om m
otor
veh
icle
s.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
play
ing
any
mus
ical
or o
ther
inst
rum
ent,
incl
udin
g an
y re
cord
or
cass
ette
pla
yer o
r rad
io o
r tel
evis
ion
appa
ratu
s;
usin
g an
y lo
udsp
eake
r, m
egap
hone
, or o
ther
dev
ice
or in
stru
men
t fo
r mag
nify
ing
soun
d;
play
ing
any
gam
e or
eng
agin
g in
any
pas
time;
carr
ying
on
a tra
de o
r bus
ines
s;
oper
atin
g an
y ai
r-co
nditi
onin
g or
ven
tilat
ion
syst
em;
keep
ing
any
anim
al o
r bird
; and
mak
ing
nois
e fo
r attr
actin
g at
tent
ion
to h
is g
oods
, war
es o
r tra
de
in o
r nea
r any
pub
lic p
lace
is a
n of
fenc
e.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
Ren
ovat
ion
ofte
n in
volv
es n
oisy
ope
ratio
ns, s
uch
as b
reak
ing,
dril
ling,
ha
mm
erin
g sc
affo
ldin
g an
d m
ater
ial
hand
ling.
To
min
imiz
e th
e nu
isan
ce, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld a
sk c
ontra
ctor
s to
impl
emen
t the
fo
llow
ing
mea
sure
s:
In a
dditi
on, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld p
erfo
rm th
e fo
llow
ing
func
tions
:
7.2.
3N
oise
fro
m p
lace
s ot
her
than
dom
esti
c pr
emis
es, p
ublic
plac
es o
r co
nstr
ucti
on s
ites
Com
mon
indu
stri
al a
nd c
omm
erci
al n
oise
s fa
ll w
ithin
this
cat
egor
y.
Typi
cal
exam
ples
are
noi
se f
rom
ven
tilat
ion
syst
ems
of r
esta
uran
ts,
and
nois
e fr
om d
isco
s an
d ka
raok
e bo
xes.
The
prin
cipl
es,
proc
edur
es,
guid
elin
es,
stan
dard
s an
d lim
its f
or t
he
mea
sure
men
t and
ass
essm
ent o
f noi
se e
man
atin
g fr
om c
omm
erci
al a
nd
indu
stria
l pr
emis
es a
re s
et o
ut i
n th
e Te
chni
cal
Mem
oran
dum
for
the
A
sses
smen
t of N
oise
from
Pla
ces
othe
r tha
n D
omes
tic P
rem
ises
, Pub
lic
Plac
es o
r Con
stru
ctio
n Si
tes.
Und
er S
ectio
n 13
of
the
NC
O,
whe
n th
e EP
D i
s sa
tisfie
d th
at n
oise
em
anat
ing
from
such
pla
ce is
a so
urce
of a
nnoy
ance
to a
ny p
erso
n in
any
pl
ace
cons
ider
ed t
o be
a n
oise
sen
sitiv
e re
ceiv
er i
n an
y Te
chni
cal
Mem
oran
dum
, or d
oes
not c
ompl
y w
ith a
ny s
tand
ard
or li
mit
cont
aine
d in
Tec
hnic
al M
emor
andu
m, t
he E
PD m
ay se
rve
a no
ise
abat
emen
t not
ice
to th
e ow
ner,
tena
nt o
r occ
upie
r of t
he p
lace
. Th
e pe
rson
serv
ed w
ith th
e no
tice
shou
ld a
bate
the
nois
e by
a sp
ecifi
ed d
ate
and
ensu
re th
at th
e no
ise
eman
atin
g fr
om s
uch
plac
e do
es n
ot e
xcee
d an
y lim
it or
sta
ndar
d sp
ecifi
ed i
n th
e no
tice.
Th
e EP
D w
ill t
hen
cond
uct
com
plia
nce
insp
ectio
n. If
the
nois
e em
anat
ed s
till e
xcee
ds th
e lim
it sp
ecifi
ed in
the
notic
e, th
e re
cipi
ent o
f the
not
ice
will
be
pros
ecut
ed.
The
max
imum
pen
alty
for
thi
s of
fenc
e is
$10
0,00
0 fin
e fo
r fir
st
conv
ictio
n, $
200,
000
fine
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
con
vict
ion,
and
$2
0,00
0 fin
e fo
r eac
h da
y fo
r con
tinui
ng o
ffen
ce.
Bar
s, d
isco
s and
kar
aoke
box
es m
ay c
omm
it th
is o
ffen
ce e
asily
bec
ause
, if
they
are
too
clo
se t
o th
e N
oise
Sen
sitiv
e R
ecei
vers
(N
SRs)
and
in
adeq
uate
noi
se p
ollu
tion
cont
rol m
easu
res a
re im
plem
ente
d, th
e cr
owd
nois
e, m
usic
and
sin
ging
noi
se m
ay c
reat
e nu
isan
ce. P
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld
advi
se
the
busi
ness
to
im
plem
ent
adeq
uate
no
ise
cont
rol
mea
sure
s as
follo
ws:
87H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
86
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
trict
noi
sy o
pera
tion
and
use
of n
oisy
equ
ipm
ent,
such
as
hand
-hel
d br
eake
rs o
r ele
ctric
dril
ls, t
o le
ss se
nsiti
ve h
ours
of t
he
day;
Use
qui
et m
achi
nes,
suc
h as
hyd
raul
ic c
rush
ers
for d
emol
ition
;
Use
noi
se b
arrie
rs o
r abs
orbe
rs w
hen
usin
g no
isy
mac
hine
s;
Liai
se w
ith th
e m
ost a
ffec
ted
resi
dent
s to
sch
edul
e no
isy
wor
ks
in m
utua
lly a
ccep
tabl
e ho
urs
and
perio
ds;
Avo
id n
oisy
act
iviti
es b
efor
e 9
a.m
.; an
d
Fit n
oise
muf
flers
to n
oisy
mac
hine
s.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Inst
all t
hick
resi
lient
pad
s und
erne
ath
the
soun
d sp
eake
rs o
r the
ir su
ppor
ts
to
redu
ce
nois
e tra
nsm
issi
on
thro
ugh
build
ing
stru
ctur
es to
nei
ghbo
urs;
Avo
id h
angi
ng la
rge
or st
rong
bas
s sou
nd sp
eake
rs o
n th
e ce
iling
to
red
uce
trans
mis
sion
of
low
fre
quen
cy n
oise
and
vib
ratio
n to
ot
her f
loor
s;
Loca
te s
ound
spe
aker
s aw
ay fr
om c
orne
rs o
f pre
mis
es;
Mai
ntai
n th
e vo
lum
e of
sou
nd s
yste
ms
at l
ow l
evel
s to
avo
id
caus
ing
nuis
ance
to n
eigh
bour
s;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Mak
e re
side
nts
awar
e of
the
sta
tuto
ry r
equi
rem
ents
thr
ough
po
ster
s, le
tters
or i
nter
nal p
ublic
atio
ns o
r the
like
;
Ale
rt re
side
nts
to a
ny p
rovi
sion
s un
der
the
Dee
d of
Mut
ual
Cov
enan
t in
re
latio
n to
th
e re
side
nts'
right
s an
d re
spon
sibi
litie
s/ob
ligat
ions
; and
Act
as
a m
edia
tor i
n re
solv
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plai
nts.
(a)
(b)
(c)
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
7.2.
4N
oise
fro
m in
trud
er a
larm
sys
tem
s
Und
er S
ectio
n 13
A o
f th
e N
CO
, in
trud
er a
larm
sys
tem
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
with
an
effi
cien
t au
tom
atic
dev
ice
whi
ch w
ill c
ause
any
au
dibl
e si
gnal
to c
ease
not
mor
e th
an 1
5 m
inut
es a
fter
the
activ
atio
n of
the
sig
nal.
A p
erso
n w
ho c
ontr
ols
the
intr
uder
ala
rm s
yste
m i
s lia
ble
to a
fin
e at
leve
l 3 a
nd to
impr
ison
men
t for
thre
e m
onth
s if
he
fails
to c
ompl
y w
ith th
e ru
le.
Sect
ion
13B
of
the
NC
O s
tipul
ates
tha
t th
e re
gist
ered
ow
ner
of a
ve
hicl
e w
ho h
as a
n in
trud
er a
larm
sys
tem
inst
alle
d in
sho
uld
ensu
re
that
the
intr
uder
ala
rm s
yste
m is
pro
vide
d w
ith a
n ef
fici
ent a
utom
atic
de
vice
and
it
shou
ld n
ot e
mit
any
audi
ble
sign
al c
ause
d ot
herw
ise
than
by
an a
ct o
f dir
ect p
hysi
cal c
onta
ct w
ith th
e ve
hicl
e, w
heth
er th
at
act i
s in
tent
iona
l or
unin
tent
iona
l, an
d th
e au
dibl
e si
gnal
mus
t cea
se
with
in f
ive
min
utes
aft
er th
e ac
tivat
ion
of th
e si
gnal
. Th
e m
axim
um
pena
lty fo
r non
-com
plia
nce
is a
fine
at l
evel
3.
If i
ntru
der
alar
m s
yste
ms
of c
ars
or s
hops
are
act
ivat
ed a
nd t
he
audi
ble
sign
al d
oes
not c
ease
, pro
pert
y m
anag
ers
shou
ld c
onta
ct th
e ow
ner a
s so
on a
s po
ssib
le.
7.2.
5N
oise
fro
m n
oisy
pro
duct
s
The
vent
ilatio
n sy
stem
s (c
hille
rs, w
ater
coo
ling
tow
ers,
exh
aust
fans
, et
c.)
of r
esta
uran
ts m
ay c
reat
e ex
cess
ive
nois
e.
Prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
ad
vise
re
stau
rant
s to
im
plem
ent
adeq
uate
no
ise
cont
rol
mea
sure
s as
follo
ws:
89H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
88
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Inst
all
doub
le
door
s m
ade
of
acou
stic
in
sula
tion
or
soun
d-ab
sorb
ing
mat
eria
ls a
t the
ent
ranc
e to
avo
id n
oise
leak
age
to o
utsi
de; a
nd
War
n th
e cu
stom
ers
at t
he e
ntra
nce
not
to s
crea
m a
nd s
peak
lo
udly
in
orde
r no
t to
cre
ate
any
nois
e an
noya
nce
to n
earb
y re
side
nts.
(e)
(f)
Plac
e no
isy
equi
pmen
t ins
ide
a pl
ant r
oom
with
thic
k w
alls
;
Loca
te th
e eq
uipm
ent a
way
from
nea
rby
and
futu
re N
SRs;
(a)
(b)
Cho
ose
equi
pmen
t of l
ow n
oise
bra
nds
or m
odel
s;
Con
duct
regu
lar m
aint
enan
ce, s
uch
as lu
bric
atin
g m
ovin
g pa
rts,
tight
enin
g lo
osen
par
ts (
bolts
/nut
s, d
rivin
g be
lts,
pane
ls,
etc.
), re
plac
ing
wor
n-ou
t co
mpo
nent
s (b
earin
gs)
and
insp
ectin
g eq
uipm
ent a
lignm
ent;
Inst
all s
ilenc
ers
at a
ir in
lets
and
out
lets
;
App
ly d
ampi
ng m
ater
ials
on
the
vibr
atin
g du
ct w
ork;
and
Adj
ust
the
oper
atio
n m
ode,
suc
h as
red
ucin
g fa
n sp
eed
and
switc
hing
off
non
-ess
entia
l equ
ipm
ent a
t nig
ht.
The
lift
syst
ems,
pu
mpi
ng
syst
ems
and
emer
genc
y ge
nera
tors
of
bu
ildin
gs a
re a
lso
pote
ntia
l sou
rces
of
nois
e. T
o av
oid
com
mitt
ing
the
offe
nce,
pro
perty
man
ager
s sh
ould
impl
emen
t the
follo
win
g:
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Loca
te th
e pl
ant r
oom
s aw
ay fr
om n
earb
y an
d fu
ture
NSR
s, fo
r ex
ampl
e, p
laci
ng th
em o
n th
e ro
ofto
p;
Isol
ate
the
emer
genc
y ge
nera
tors
from
the
build
ing
stru
ctur
e by
us
e of
iner
tia b
lock
s an
d vi
brat
ion
isol
ator
s;
Prov
ide
flexi
ble
conn
ecto
rs b
etw
een
the
emer
genc
y ge
nera
tors
an
d as
soci
ated
pi
pew
ork
to
avoi
d st
ruct
ural
vi
brat
ion
trans
mis
sion
;
Use
vib
ratio
n is
olat
ors
for
atta
chin
g pi
pes
to w
alls
, cei
lings
or
floor
s;
Con
duct
regu
lar m
aint
enan
ce, s
uch
as lu
bric
atin
g m
ovin
g pa
rts,
tight
enin
g lo
osen
par
ts,
repl
acin
g w
orn-
out
com
pone
nts
and
insp
ectin
g eq
uipm
ent a
lignm
ent;
Cho
ose
sile
nt ty
pe e
xhau
st fa
ns fo
r the
lifts
;
Inst
all s
ilenc
ers
at th
e ex
haus
t out
lets
;
Prov
ide
flexi
ble
conn
ecto
rs b
etw
een
fans
and
duc
ts; a
nd
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
Dur
ing
the
was
te
hand
ling
proc
ess,
no
ise
may
be
pr
oduc
ed.
Con
trol
mea
sure
s in
clud
e:
91H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
90
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Seek
pro
fess
iona
l adv
ice
from
aco
ustic
con
sulta
nts/
cont
ract
ors,
w
hene
ver a
pplic
able
.(i)
ceas
e th
e em
issi
on o
f air
pollu
tant
s fro
m th
e pr
emis
es o
r to
ceas
e th
e op
erat
ion
of th
e po
llutin
g pr
oces
s;(a
)
avoi
ding
the
use
of
refu
se c
hute
s fo
r ha
rd o
bjec
ts a
nd f
ragi
le
glas
s;
inst
allin
g ru
bber
pad
s/lin
ing
to th
e m
etal
doo
rs o
f re
fuse
chu
te
load
ers
at d
omes
tic fl
oors
to re
duce
impa
ct n
oise
whe
n cl
osin
g;
avoi
ding
usi
ng r
efus
e ch
utes
, mov
ing
the
was
te c
onta
iner
s, a
nd
load
ing
refu
se to
refu
se c
olle
ctio
n ve
hicl
es d
urin
g no
ise
sens
itive
ho
urs,
suc
h as
ear
ly m
orni
ng a
nd m
idni
ght h
ours
;
loca
ting
the
refu
se s
tatio
ns a
way
from
dom
estic
pre
mis
es;
usin
g w
aste
con
tain
ers
with
sof
t rub
ber w
heel
s; a
nd
inst
allin
g no
ise
barr
iers
, enc
losu
res
or s
ilenc
ers
at t
he e
xhau
st
outle
ts o
f ref
use
stat
ions
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
redu
ce t
he e
mis
sion
of
air
pollu
tant
s fr
om t
he p
rem
ises
or
pollu
ting
proc
ess;
and
take
oth
er s
teps
to a
bate
the
emis
sion
of a
ir po
lluta
nts
from
the
prem
ises
or p
ollu
ting
proc
ess.
(b)
(c)
7.3
A
ir
Th
e A
ir Po
llutio
n C
ontro
l Ord
inan
ce (A
PCO
), C
ap. 3
11 is
the
prin
cipa
l
law
for m
anag
ing
HK
’s a
ir qu
ality
.
7.3.
1
Air
pol
lutio
n ab
atem
ent n
otic
e
Und
er S
ectio
n 10
of t
he A
PCO
, if t
he E
PD is
satis
fied
that
the
emis
sion
of
air
pollu
tant
s fr
om a
pol
lutin
g pr
oces
s is
cau
sing
or
cont
ribut
ing
to a
ir po
llutio
n w
hich
exi
sts
or w
hich
is
imm
inen
t, th
e EP
D m
ay g
ive
an a
ir po
llutio
n ab
atem
ent n
otic
e to
the
owne
r of t
he p
rem
ises
or t
o th
e pe
rson
ca
rryi
ng o
ut th
e ac
tivity
requ
iring
him
to:
7.3.
2
Prev
entio
n of
dis
char
ge o
f nox
ious
or
offe
nsiv
e em
issi
ons
Und
er S
ectio
n 12
of t
he A
PCO
, the
ow
ner o
f any
pre
mis
es u
sed
for t
he
cond
uct o
f any
spec
ified
pro
cess
shal
l use
the
best
pra
ctic
able
mea
ns fo
r pr
even
ting
the
emis
sion
of
noxi
ous
or o
ffen
sive
em
issi
ons
from
suc
h pr
emis
es,
and
for
prev
entin
g th
e di
scha
rge,
w
heth
er
dire
ctly
or
in
dire
ctly
, of
suc
h em
issi
ons
into
the
atm
osph
ere,
and
for
ren
derin
g su
ch
emis
sion
s w
here
di
scha
rged
ha
rmle
ss
and
inof
fens
ive.
N
on-c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e ru
le is
an
offe
nce
and
the
max
imum
pen
alty
is
$200
,000
fine
and
six
mon
ths
impr
ison
men
t, an
d $2
0,00
0 fin
e fo
r eac
h da
y fo
r con
tinui
ng o
ffen
ce.
7.3.
3
Ren
ovat
ion
Ren
ovat
ion
may
inv
olve
com
plex
bui
ldin
g an
d de
mol
ition
ope
ratio
ns
such
as
carp
entry
, el
ectri
city
and
plu
mbi
ng w
orks
, fix
ture
rem
oval
, in
terio
r dec
orat
ive
wor
ks.
Thos
e ac
tiviti
es a
re p
rone
to c
ause
dus
t and
un
plea
sant
odo
urs.
The
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol
(Con
stru
ctio
n D
ust)
Reg
ulat
ion
(APC
(CD
)R),
Cap
. 311
R se
ts o
ut th
e re
gula
tory
requ
irem
ents
to c
ontro
l du
st e
mis
sion
s fr
om c
onst
ruct
ion
wor
ks.
Und
er S
ectio
n 5
of t
he
APC
(CD
)R, t
he c
ontra
ctor
res
pons
ible
for
a c
onst
ruct
ion
site
whe
re a
re
gula
tory
wor
k is
bei
ng c
arrie
d ou
t sha
ll en
sure
that
the
wor
k is
car
ried
out i
n ac
cord
ance
with
the
Dus
t Con
trol R
equi
rem
ents
pre
scrib
ed in
the
Sche
dule
. Th
e m
axim
um p
enal
ty f
or th
is o
ffen
ce is
a le
vel 4
fin
e fo
r fir
st c
onvi
ctio
n, l
evel
5 f
ine
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
con
vict
ion
and
$5,0
00 fi
ne fo
r eac
h da
y fo
r con
tinui
ng o
ffen
ce.
Non
-com
plia
nce
with
the
requ
irem
ents
of
the
notic
e is
an
offe
nce.
Th
e m
axim
um p
enal
ty is
$10
0,00
0 fin
e fo
r firs
t con
vict
ion,
$20
0,00
0 fin
e an
d si
x m
onth
s im
pris
onm
ent
for
seco
nd o
r su
bseq
uent
con
vict
ion
and
$20,
000
fine
for e
ach
day
for c
ontin
uing
offe
nce.
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7
93H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
92
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Part
II o
f the
Sch
edul
e sp
ecifi
es th
e C
ontro
l Req
uire
men
ts fo
r Reg
ulat
ory
Wor
ks.
For
exam
ple,
ext
erio
r bu
ildin
g su
rfac
e re
nova
tion
has
to f
ollo
w
spec
ified
dus
t con
trol m
easu
res
to p
reve
nt a
ir po
llutio
n.
Mor
eove
r, th
e G
ener
al C
ontro
l Req
uire
men
ts a
nd C
ontro
l Req
uire
men
ts f
or I
ndiv
idua
l A
ctiv
ities
as
set o
ut in
Par
t III
& IV
of t
he S
ched
ule
shal
l be
obse
rved
if
rele
vant
ac
tiviti
es
are
cond
ucte
d.
For
inst
ance
, if
pneu
mat
ic
or
pow
er-d
riven
dril
ling,
cut
ting
and
polis
hing
is c
arrie
d ou
t, w
ater
or a
dus
t su
ppre
ssio
n ch
emic
al sh
all b
e co
ntin
uous
ly sp
raye
d on
the
surf
ace,
unl
ess
the
proc
ess i
s acc
ompa
nied
by
the
oper
atio
n of
an
effe
ctiv
e du
st e
xtra
ctio
n an
d fil
terin
g de
vice
.
To m
inim
ize
air n
uisa
nce,
pro
perty
man
ager
s sho
uld
ensu
re c
ontra
ctor
s to:
avoi
d ve
ntin
g re
nova
tion
exha
ust
to c
omm
on a
reas
and
onl
y di
scha
rge
proc
ess
exha
ust
to w
ell
vent
ilate
d pl
aces
. K
eep
the
mai
n do
or c
lose
d an
d pr
oper
ly s
eal
gaps
to
prev
ent
caus
ing
nuis
ance
to n
eigh
bour
s;
mai
ntai
n go
od c
omm
unic
atio
n w
ith n
eigh
bour
s to
unde
rsta
nd th
e ef
fect
iven
ess
of e
nviro
nmen
tal
nuis
ance
pre
vent
ion
mea
sure
s ta
ken;
sepa
rate
the
ren
ovat
ion
wor
k ar
eas
from
com
mon
pla
ces
with
su
itabl
e pa
rtitio
ns in
com
mer
cial
pre
mis
es;
sele
ct a
nd u
se b
uild
ing
prod
ucts
with
out o
r with
low
VO
Cs;
stor
e V
OC
-con
tain
ing
prod
ucts
in a
ir-tig
ht c
onta
iner
s;
use
mec
hani
cal v
entil
atio
n de
vice
s su
ch a
s fa
ns a
nd b
low
ers
to
colle
ct e
mis
sion
s fr
om h
igh
pollu
ting
oper
atio
ns a
nd c
lean
se
them
with
eff
ectiv
e ai
r po
llutio
n co
ntro
l dev
ices
suc
h as
filt
ers
and
abso
rben
t m
ater
ials
bef
ore
disc
harg
ing
to w
ell
vent
ilate
d pl
aces
;
keep
dus
ty m
ater
ials
wet
on
hand
ling
and
spra
y w
ater
bef
ore
brea
king
, grin
ding
ope
ratio
ns;
fit v
acuu
m c
lean
ers
to g
rindi
ng, s
and
pape
ring
or w
ood
cutti
ng
mac
hine
s;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
mai
ntai
n go
od h
ouse
-kee
ping
and
fre
quen
t cl
eani
ng o
f th
e su
rrou
ndin
g ar
eas;
use
encl
osab
le c
onta
iner
s or
ski
ps f
or t
empo
rary
sto
rage
of
reno
vatio
n w
aste
. D
usty
mat
eria
ls s
houl
d be
cov
ered
ent
irely
w
ith c
lean
impe
rvio
us s
heet
ing
to p
reve
nt fu
gitiv
e em
issi
on; a
nd
for
dum
p tru
cks
carr
ying
dus
ty m
ater
ials
, co
ver
thei
r lo
ads
entir
ely
with
cl
ean
impe
rvio
us
shee
ting
befo
re
leav
ing
a co
nstru
ctio
n si
te a
nd a
ll th
e w
ay b
etw
een
the
site
and
the
re
ceiv
ing
poin
t to
prev
ent l
eaki
ng o
f dus
ty m
ater
ials
from
thes
e ve
hicl
es.
(i) (j) (k)
7.3.
4
Ope
ratio
n of
res
taur
ants
Res
taur
ants
usi
ng c
onve
ntio
nal f
ossi
l fue
ls a
re su
bjec
ted
to th
e re
gula
tory
re
quire
men
ts o
f the
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol (
Fuel
Res
trict
ion)
Reg
ulat
ions
, th
e A
ir Po
llutio
n C
ontro
l (Fu
rnac
es, O
vens
and
Chi
mne
ys)
(Ins
talla
tion
and
Alte
rnat
ion)
Reg
ulat
ions
(APC
(FO
C)(
IA)R
), C
ap. 3
11A
, and
the
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol (
Smok
e) R
egul
atio
ns (A
PC(S
)R),
Cap
. 311
C.
Und
er R
egul
atio
n 4
of t
he (
APC
(FO
C)(
IA)R
), if
the
occu
pier
of
any
prem
ises
int
ends
to
carr
y ou
t in
stal
latio
n of
or
alte
ratio
n to
a f
urna
ce,
oven
or c
him
ney,
he
shou
ld s
ubm
it th
e pl
ans
show
ing
the
elev
atio
ns a
nd
plan
vie
ws
to t
he E
PD f
or a
ppro
val.
The
max
imum
pen
alty
for
thi
s of
fenc
e is
$50
,000
fine
and
$50
0 fin
e fo
r eac
h da
y fo
r con
tinui
ng o
ffen
ce.
Und
er R
egul
atio
n 3
of t
he A
PC(S
)R,
an o
wne
r of
any
pre
mis
es w
ho
oper
ates
any
chi
mne
y or
rel
evan
t pl
ant
from
whi
ch d
ark
smok
e is
em
itted
for m
ore
than
six
min
utes
in a
ny p
erio
d of
four
hou
rs o
r for
mor
e th
an t
hree
min
utes
con
tinuo
usly
at
any
one
time
com
mits
an
offe
nce.
Th
e m
axim
um p
enal
ty i
s $2
0,00
0 fin
e fo
r th
e fir
st c
onvi
ctio
n, a
nd
$20,
000
fine
and
thre
e m
onth
s im
pris
onm
ent f
or s
ubse
quen
t con
vict
ion.
Res
taur
ant e
mis
sion
s su
ch a
s co
okin
g od
our o
r gre
asy
fum
es a
re s
ubje
ct
to th
e co
ntro
l of t
he A
ir Po
llutio
n C
ontro
l Ord
inan
ce.
The A
utho
rity
can
take
enf
orce
men
t act
ion
agai
nst t
he o
wne
r of r
esta
uran
t if t
he re
stau
rant
em
issi
ons a
re c
ausi
ng o
r con
tribu
ting
to a
ir po
llutio
n. F
ailu
re to
com
ply
with
an
air p
ollu
tion
abat
emen
t not
ice
com
mits
an
offe
nce
and
is li
able
to
hef
ty p
enal
ty.
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
7.3.
5
Em
erge
ncy
gene
rato
rs
Emer
genc
y ge
nera
tors
dis
char
ge c
ombu
stio
n pr
oduc
ts o
n op
erat
ions
and
m
ay e
mit
exce
ssiv
e sm
oke
if th
ey a
re i
nade
quat
ely
mai
ntai
ned.
Suc
h pl
ants
are
sub
ject
ed to
the
regu
lato
ry r
equi
rem
ents
of
the
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol (
Fuel
Res
trict
ion)
Reg
ulat
ions
(A
PC(F
R)R
), C
ap. 3
11I,
the
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol
(Fur
nace
s, O
vens
and
Chi
mne
ys)
(Ins
talla
tion
and
Alte
rnat
ion)
Reg
ulat
ions
(A
PC(F
OC
)(IA
)R),
Cap
. 31
1A,
and
the
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol (
Smok
e) R
egul
atio
ns (A
PC(S
)R),
Cap
. 311
C.
95H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
94
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
To p
reve
nt c
ausi
ng a
ir po
llutio
n, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld a
dvis
e re
stau
rant
ow
ners
to:
take
due
env
ironm
enta
l co
nsid
erat
ion
in p
lann
ing
stag
e an
d ca
refu
lly s
elec
t bu
sine
ss v
enue
s w
ith p
rope
r lo
catio
ns a
nd
adeq
uate
spa
ce fo
r pla
cing
exh
aust
out
lets
;
avoi
d ex
haus
t ou
tlets
in
cl
ose
prox
imity
to
ai
r se
nsiti
ve
rece
ptor
s;
loca
te e
xhau
st o
utle
ts i
n a
wel
l ve
ntila
ted
plac
es f
or g
ood
disp
ersi
on;
seek
adv
ice
from
env
ironm
enta
l pr
ofes
sion
als
whe
n lo
catin
g ex
haus
t out
lets
;
use
smok
eles
s fu
els
such
as
gas
and
elec
trici
ty;
prev
ent c
ondu
ctin
g hi
gh e
mitt
ing
cook
ing
proc
esse
s ou
tdoo
r;
inst
all
appr
opria
te a
ir po
llutio
n ab
atem
ent
syst
ems
to c
ontro
l co
okin
g fu
mes
and
/ or
odo
urs,
such
as e
lect
rost
atic
pre
cipi
tato
rs
alon
g w
ith a
ctiv
ated
car
bon
filte
rs, f
or c
ooki
ng a
ctiv
ities
whi
ch
prod
uce
stro
ng e
mis
sion
s;
cond
uct
regu
lar
clea
ning
and
mai
nten
ance
of
all
air
pollu
tion
cont
rol e
quip
men
t; an
d
adop
t aut
omat
ic sw
itch-
on fu
nctio
n to
sync
hron
ize
the
oper
atio
n of
coo
king
dev
ices
with
air
pollu
tion
cont
rol e
quip
men
t.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
It is
hig
hly
desi
rabl
e to
loca
te c
him
ney
outle
ts (
pref
erab
ly w
ith
the
gene
rato
r se
ts s
ited
to th
e up
perm
ost f
loor
) at
the
build
ing
roof
rat
her
than
at
low
lev
el o
r th
e po
dium
. Sh
ould
it
be n
ot
viab
le, i
t is
ess
entia
l to
loc
ate
chim
ney
outle
ts a
t su
ch a
pla
ce
whe
re t
he v
entil
atio
n is
goo
d an
d di
stan
t fr
om t
he n
earb
y in
habi
tant
s as
farth
est a
s po
ssib
le s
uch
that
thei
r em
issi
ons
will
no
t cau
se o
r con
tribu
te to
any
form
s of
air
pollu
tion;
Proc
ure
high
-eff
icie
ncy
dies
el g
ener
ator
s an
d us
e U
LSD
;
Car
ry
out
regu
lar
mai
nten
ance
to
pr
even
t ex
cess
ive
air
emis
sion
s;
Avo
id n
o-lo
ad te
sts;
Perf
orm
dum
my
load
tes
ts t
o si
mul
ate
duty
ope
ratio
n fo
r em
issi
on a
nd p
erfo
rman
ce c
heck
; and
Inst
all e
xhau
st a
fter-
treat
men
t sys
tem
s, su
ch a
s exh
aust
pur
ifier
s,
soot
filt
ers
or p
artic
ulat
e tra
ps,
to r
educ
e pa
rticu
late
em
issi
on
and
to c
onve
rt ha
zard
ous
carb
on m
onox
ide
and
hydr
ocar
bon
to
CO
2 an
d w
ater
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Und
er
the
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol
(Fue
l R
estri
ctio
n)
Reg
ulat
ions
(A
PC(F
R)R
), C
ap. 3
11I,
dies
el f
uel u
sers
in in
dust
rial a
nd c
omm
erci
al
sect
ors
mus
t use
ultr
a-lo
w s
ulph
ur d
iese
l (U
LSD
) with
a s
ulph
ur c
onte
nt
of n
ot m
ore
than
0.0
05%
by
wei
ght.
In c
ase
the
tota
l pow
er g
ener
atio
n ca
paci
ty o
f al
l the
die
sel g
ener
ator
s, ph
ysic
ally
and
ele
ctric
ally
con
nect
ed,
in t
he s
ame
prem
ises
exc
eeds
5M
W,
the
esta
blis
hmen
t is
lia
ble
to b
e co
ntro
lled
unde
r a
Spec
ified
Pr
oces
s lic
ence
for t
he o
pera
tion.
To p
reve
nt a
ir po
llutio
n, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld a
dopt
the
follo
win
g pr
even
tive
mea
sure
s:
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
7.3.
6
Asb
esto
s re
mov
al
If a
sbes
tos
cont
aini
ng m
ater
ials
(A
CM
s) a
re h
andl
ed i
napp
ropr
iate
ly,
asbe
stos
fibr
es w
ill b
e re
leas
ed.
If in
hale
d, th
ese
fibre
s will
rem
ain
in th
e bo
dy f
or m
any
year
s an
d in
crea
se h
ealth
ris
ks d
ue t
o su
ch e
xpos
ure.
Th
eref
ore,
asb
esto
s aba
tem
ent w
ork
is c
ontro
lled
unde
r the
APC
O.
Und
er S
ectio
n 79
of t
he A
PCO
, whe
n th
e EP
D b
elie
ves t
hat a
ny p
rem
ises
m
ay r
elea
se a
sbes
tos,
it m
ay i
ssue
a n
otic
e to
req
uire
the
res
pons
ible
pe
rson
to
take
mea
sure
s or
ste
ps a
nd w
ithin
the
tim
e as
spe
cifie
d to
pr
even
t, co
ntro
l, re
duce
or
elim
inat
e th
e re
leas
e of
asb
esto
s, hi
re a
re
gist
ered
asb
esto
s co
nsul
tant
to
prep
are
an i
nves
tigat
ion
repo
rt an
d to
pr
epar
e an
asb
esto
s m
anag
emen
t pl
an,
and/
or h
ire o
ther
reg
iste
red
asbe
stos
pro
fess
iona
ls to
car
ry o
ut a
ny a
sbes
tos
abat
emen
t wor
k or
wor
k in
volv
ing
the
hand
ling
of
any
AC
Ms.
N
on-c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith
the
requ
irem
ents
of
the
notic
e is
an
offe
nce.
Th
e m
axim
um p
enal
ty i
s $1
00,0
00 f
ine
for
first
con
vict
ion,
$20
0,00
0 fin
e an
d si
x m
onth
s im
pris
onm
ent f
or s
econ
d or
sub
sequ
ent c
onvi
ctio
n, a
nd $
20,0
00 fi
ne fo
r ea
ch d
ay fo
r con
tinui
ng o
ffen
ce.
Whe
n ha
ndlin
g A
CM
s in
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
gs, p
rope
rty m
anag
ers
shou
ld
adop
t the
follo
win
g ap
proa
ch:
97H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
96
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Empl
oy a
reg
iste
red
asbe
stos
con
sulta
nt t
o co
nduc
t as
best
os
inve
stig
atio
n an
d pr
epar
e an
asb
esto
s m
anag
emen
t pla
n be
fore
st
artin
g la
rge
scal
e re
nova
tion
in o
ld b
uild
ings
;
For
new
er
build
ings
, en
quire
th
e de
velo
per,
arch
itect
an
d m
anag
emen
t co
mpa
ny
abou
t th
e kn
own/
likel
y pr
esen
ce
of
AC
Ms
and,
whe
re n
eces
sary
, em
ploy
a r
egis
tere
d as
best
os
cons
ulta
nt t
o co
nduc
t as
best
os i
nves
tigat
ion
and
prep
are
an
asbe
stos
man
agem
ent p
lan;
Impl
emen
t th
e as
best
os
man
agem
ent
plan
to
m
aint
ain
all
rem
aini
ng A
CM
s; a
nd
Empl
oy
a re
gist
ered
as
best
os
cont
ract
or
for
any
asbe
stos
ab
atem
ent i
nclu
ding
rem
oval
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
7.4
W
ater
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
in H
K i
s co
ntro
lled
by t
he W
ater
Pol
lutio
n C
ontro
l O
rdin
ance
(W
PCO
), C
ap 3
58. U
nder
Sec
tion
8 of
the
WPC
O, i
t is
an
offe
nce
to d
isch
arge
any
was
te o
r pol
lutin
g m
atte
r int
o th
e w
ater
s of
HK
in
a w
ater
con
trol z
one.
It i
s al
so a
n of
fenc
e to
dis
char
ge p
ollu
ted
wat
er
into
stor
mw
ater
dra
ins.
7.4.
1
Ope
ratio
n of
res
taur
ants
The
ope
ratio
n of
res
taur
ants
may
cre
ate
wat
er p
ollu
tion
prob
lem
s, in
clud
ing
bloc
kage
of f
oul d
rain
s, ov
erflo
w o
f gre
ase
traps
and
leak
age
of
was
tew
ater
to ro
adsi
de a
reas
.
To p
reve
nt t
he n
uisa
nce
crea
ted,
pro
perty
man
ager
s sh
ould
ens
ure
rest
aura
nts t
o ta
ke th
e fo
llow
ing
mea
sure
s:
App
ly a
lice
nce
from
the
EPD
bef
ore
disc
harg
ing
efflu
ent f
rom
gr
ease
trap
s;
Inst
all a
bove
-gro
und
grea
se tr
aps a
t an
easi
ly a
cces
sibl
e lo
catio
n to
faci
litat
e ea
se o
f cle
anin
g an
d m
aint
enan
ce;
Prov
ide
com
mun
al g
reas
e tra
ps a
s fa
r as
pos
sibl
e fo
r be
tter
effic
ienc
y an
d ec
onom
y;
Use
pro
perly
des
igne
d an
d co
nstru
cted
gre
ase
traps
with
pro
visi
on
for t
he d
aily
rem
oval
of s
cree
ned
solid
s and
trap
ped
grea
se;
Inst
all s
cree
ning
dev
ices
at t
he g
reas
e tra
p in
lets
and
rem
ove
the
scre
ened
sol
ids
daily
;
Rem
ove
the
accu
mul
ated
bot
tom
slu
dge
regu
larly
;
Enga
ge
regi
ster
ed
grea
se
trap
was
te
colle
ctor
s fo
r re
gula
r cl
eani
ng a
nd o
verh
aulin
g of
gre
ase
traps
;
Prop
erly
arc
hive
cle
anin
g re
cord
s an
d ke
ep th
e cl
eani
ng re
cord
s fo
r the
pas
t six
mon
ths
for t
he E
PD's
insp
ectio
n;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
99H
KIS
Gre
en P
rope
rty
Man
agem
ent P
ract
ices
98
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Con
duct
reg
ular
mai
nten
ance
che
cks
on t
he c
ondi
tion
and
rout
ing
of th
e dr
aina
ge s
yste
ms
and
repa
ir an
y dr
aina
ge d
efec
ts
imm
edia
tely
;
Ensu
re u
pdat
ed d
rain
age
plan
s ke
pt in
man
agem
ent o
ffic
es;
Che
ck d
rain
age
plan
s to
con
firm
a c
orre
ct d
rain
age
rout
e be
fore
ca
rryi
ng o
ut d
rain
age
wor
ks t
o en
sure
tha
t th
e w
aste
wat
er i
s di
scha
rged
into
foul
sew
ers
inst
ead
of s
torm
wat
er d
rain
s;
Ensu
re th
e us
e of
man
hole
cov
ers
with
cor
rect
iden
tific
atio
n of
th
e dr
ain
type
s; a
nd
Proh
ibit
outd
oor f
ood
prep
arat
ory
wor
k an
d w
ashi
ng a
ctiv
ities
at
the
back
lane
s.
(i) (j) (k)
(l) (m)
7.5
Was
te
Und
er S
ectio
n 16
A o
f the
Was
te D
ispo
sal O
rdin
ance
, Cap
. 354
(WD
O),
it is
pro
hibi
ted
to d
ump
was
te in
pub
lic p
lace
s, on
Gov
ernm
ent l
and,
or o
n pr
ivat
e pr
emis
es w
ithou
t the
con
sent
of t
he o
wne
r or o
ccup
ier.
Atte
ntio
n sh
ould
als
o be
pai
d to
the
prio
r no
tific
atio
n pr
oced
ures
for
con
stru
ctio
n w
aste
dis
posa
l on
priv
ate
land
(w
ith a
tota
l dep
ositi
on a
rea
of o
ver
20
squa
re m
eter
s) re
quire
d un
der S
ectio
ns 1
6B a
nd 1
6C o
f the
WD
O.
Furth
erm
ore,
the
hand
ling,
sto
rage
, col
lect
ion
and
disp
osal
of
chem
ical
w
aste
, suc
h as
asb
esto
s was
te g
ener
ated
from
asb
esto
s rem
oval
des
crib
ed
in p
arag
raph
7.3
.6 a
bove
, are
subj
ect t
o th
e co
ntro
l und
er th
e WD
O a
nd it
s su
bsid
iary
Was
te D
ispo
sal (
Che
mic
al W
aste
)(G
ener
al) R
egul
atio
n.
7.5.
1
Ren
ovat
ion
Ren
ovat
ion
whi
ch in
volv
es d
emol
ition
and
pai
ntin
g is
like
ly to
gen
erat
e w
aste
. Pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld e
nsur
e co
ntra
ctor
s to
im
plem
ent
the
follo
win
g m
easu
res:
Not
ify t
he m
anag
emen
t of
fice
whe
n th
ey i
nten
d to
car
ry o
ut
reno
vatio
n w
orks
;
Mai
ntai
n a
reco
rd o
f th
e re
nova
tion
was
te g
ener
ated
fro
m t
he
prem
ises
und
ergo
ing
reno
vatio
n w
orks
;
Avo
id th
e ac
cum
ulat
ion
of re
nova
tion
was
te;
Sepa
rate
the
non
-rec
ycla
ble
mat
eria
ls i
nto
iner
t m
ater
ials
(e.
g.
soil,
con
cret
e an
d br
icks
) an
d no
n-in
ert
mat
eria
ls (
e.g.
gen
eral
ru
bbis
h);
Dis
pose
non
-rec
ycla
ble
mat
eria
ls p
rope
rty a
nd r
egul
arly
. In
ert
mat
eria
ls s
houl
d be
dis
pose
d at
pub
lic f
illin
g ar
eas
whi
le
non-
iner
t mat
eria
ls s
houl
d be
dis
pose
d at
land
fills
;
Esta
blis
h se
para
ted
area
s or
indi
vidu
al c
onta
iner
s fo
r col
lect
ion
of d
iffer
ent r
ecyc
labl
e m
ater
ials,
e.g
. pap
er, w
ood,
met
al a
nd p
lasti
c;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
7.4.
2 O
pera
tion
of w
aste
wat
er tr
eatm
ent p
lant
Dis
char
ge o
f w
aste
wat
er f
rom
trea
tmen
t pla
nts
shou
ld c
ompl
y w
ith th
e te
rms
and
cond
ition
s of
a li
cenc
e is
sued
by
the
EPD
. Pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld a
dher
e to
the
follo
win
g gu
idel
ines
:
App
ly a
nd c
ompl
y w
ith th
e lic
ence
con
ditio
ns fr
om th
e EP
D fo
r pr
ivat
ely
built
sew
age
treat
men
t pla
nts;
Con
duct
regu
lar s
elf-
mon
itorin
g ch
ecks
to e
nsur
e th
e qu
ality
of
the
efflu
ent d
isch
arge
d m
eetin
g th
e pr
escr
ibed
sta
ndar
d;
Dev
elop
an
au
dit
syst
em,
such
as
em
ploy
ing
inde
pend
ent
chec
kers
, to
m
onito
r th
e pe
rfor
man
ce
of
the
mai
nten
ance
co
ntra
ctor
s/op
erat
ors
of s
ewag
e tre
atm
ent p
lant
s;
Mai
ntai
n an
upd
ated
ope
ratio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce m
anua
l as
wel
l as
form
ulat
e an
em
erge
ncy
plan
;
Car
ry o
ut re
gula
r mai
nten
ance
; and
Mai
ntai
n th
e ge
nera
l cle
anlin
ess
of th
e se
wag
e tre
atm
ent p
lant
s an
d en
sure
eve
ry p
art
of t
he p
lant
s is
rea
dily
acc
essi
ble
for
mai
nten
ance
and
repa
ir at
all
time.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
101
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
100
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
If c
hem
ical
was
te i
s pr
oduc
ed,
regi
ster
as
a ch
emic
al w
aste
pr
oduc
er w
ith E
PD,
ensu
re p
rope
r pa
ckag
ing,
lab
ellin
g an
d st
orag
e of
the
was
te, a
nd e
ngag
e lic
ense
d co
llect
ors t
o de
liver
the
was
te
to
licen
sed
disp
osal
fa
cilit
ies
for
prop
er
disp
osal
/trea
tmen
t;
Reu
se re
sidu
al p
aint
and
sol
vent
as
far a
s po
ssib
le; a
nd
Parti
cipa
te in
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
es, s
uch
as F
luor
esce
nt L
amp
Rec
yclin
g Pr
ogra
mm
e,
Rec
harg
eabl
e B
atte
ries
Rec
yclin
g Pr
ogra
mm
e an
d C
ompu
ter R
ecyc
ling
Prog
ram
me.
(g)
(h)
(i)
Org
aniz
e ac
tiviti
es to
pro
mot
e en
viro
nmen
tal a
war
enes
s of
the
owne
rs a
nd o
ccup
iers
of
the
deve
lopm
ent
and
enco
urag
e th
eir
parti
cipa
tion;
Org
anis
e pe
riodi
c pr
ogra
mm
es fo
r the
col
lect
ion
of o
ther
spe
cific
ty
pes
of r
ecyc
labl
es s
uch
as u
sed
clot
hes,
old
book
s, co
mpu
ters
, el
ectri
cal
and
elec
troni
c ap
plia
nces
, re
char
geab
le b
atte
ries,
etc.
an
d do
nate
reus
able
item
s to
char
itabl
e or
gani
zatio
ns;
Not
ify re
side
nts
of w
aste
sep
arat
ion
arra
ngem
ents
incl
udin
g th
e lo
catio
n of
was
te se
para
tion
faci
litie
s on
each
floo
r, an
d ty
pes o
f re
cycl
able
s to
be
reco
vere
d;
Post
up
post
ers
outs
ide
refu
se ro
oms
and
next
to re
cycl
ing
bins
to
enc
oura
ge r
esid
ents
to s
epar
ate
thei
r w
aste
and
exp
lain
wha
t ty
pes
of w
aste
can
be
recy
cled
; and
Org
aniz
e en
viro
nmen
tal e
duca
tion
and
publ
icity
act
iviti
es, s
uch
as w
aste
-to-g
ift e
xcha
nge
prog
ram
mes
, rec
yclin
g co
mpe
titio
ns
and
Luna
r Yea
r-en
d re
cycl
ing
cam
paig
ns, t
o in
crea
se r
esid
ents
' en
viro
nmen
tal a
war
enes
s an
d pa
rtici
patio
n in
was
te s
epar
atio
n.
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i) (j)
7.5.
2 R
efus
e co
llect
ion
activ
ities
The
amou
nt o
f was
te lo
ads
and
rate
of w
aste
reco
very
of a
bui
ldin
g ar
e cl
osel
y re
late
d to
the
prac
tice
of re
fuse
col
lect
ion.
Pro
perty
man
ager
s and
ow
ners
’ cor
pora
tions
shou
ld a
dopt
the
follo
win
g go
od p
ract
ices
:
Mak
e ho
use
rule
s to
faci
litat
e w
aste
sep
arat
ion
and
recy
clin
g;
Prov
ide
appr
opria
te a
nd su
ffic
ient
was
te se
para
tion
and
reco
very
fa
cilit
ies
with
in
the
com
mon
pa
rts
of
the
deve
lopm
ent
conv
enie
nt t
o th
e ow
ners
and
occ
upie
rs,
whi
ch c
onsi
st o
f m
ater
ial
that
will
not
cau
se a
ny f
ire h
azar
d an
d pl
aced
in
loca
tions
so
as n
ot to
cau
se o
bstru
ctio
n to
any
fire
esc
ape
rout
e;
Prov
ide
suita
ble
was
te s
epar
atio
n fa
cilit
ies
such
as
cont
aine
rs
and
shel
ves
in r
efus
e ro
oms
for
colle
ctio
n of
rec
ycla
bles
fro
m
each
bui
ldin
g flo
or;
Arr
ange
an
d pa
rtici
pate
in
w
aste
re
duct
ion
prog
ram
mes
, in
clud
ing
the
Prog
ram
me
on S
ourc
e Se
para
tion
of D
omes
tic
Was
te
orga
nize
d by
th
e EP
D
to
enco
urag
e re
side
nts’
pa
rtici
patio
n in
sou
rce
sepa
ratio
n;
Kee
p th
e w
aste
sep
arat
ion
faci
litie
s in
a c
lean
and
wor
king
co
nditi
on, a
nd a
rran
ge p
erio
dic
colle
ctio
n of
recy
clab
le m
ater
ials
fo
r rec
yclin
g w
ith c
lean
sing
con
tract
ors
or re
cycl
ers;
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
7.5.
3 M
anag
emen
t of w
aste
col
lect
ion
cont
ract
ors
Impr
oper
ope
ratio
n of
Ref
use
Col
lect
ion
Vehi
cles
36 (
RC
V)
may
cre
ate
nuis
ance
incl
udin
g sp
read
of o
dour
, drip
ping
of l
each
ate
and
spat
terin
g of
w
aste
. To
red
uce
nuis
ance
cau
sed
by R
CV
s, pr
oper
ty m
anag
ers
shou
ld
revi
ew
thei
r re
fuse
co
llect
ion
cont
ract
s to
re
quire
th
e co
llect
ion
cont
acto
rs to
:
Use
fully
enc
lose
d R
CV
s whi
ch a
re e
quip
ped
with
met
al ta
ilgat
e co
ver a
nd w
aste
wat
er s
ump
tank
;
Clo
se t
he R
CV
tai
lgat
e co
ver
imm
edia
tely
afte
r co
llect
ion
of
was
te a
t eac
h pi
ck-u
p po
int;
Com
pres
s al
l col
lect
ed w
aste
into
the
vehi
cle
body
and
ens
ure
that
no
was
te is
left
on h
oppe
r;
(a)
(b)
(c)
36A
refu
se c
olle
ctio
n ve
hicl
e is
a g
oods
veh
icle
whi
ch is
equ
ippe
d w
ith a
load
ing
devi
ce to
load
gar
bage
from
col
lect
ion
bins
and
a re
ar c
ompa
ctor
to re
duce
was
te v
olum
e.
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7L
EG
ISL
ATIO
NS
RE
LAT
ED
TO E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NT
RO
L7
37En
viro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n D
epar
tmen
t
<ht
tp://
ww
w.ep
d.go
v.hk
/epd
/eng
lish/
envi
ronm
entin
hk/w
aste
/gui
de_r
ef/fi
les/
CoP
_RC
Vs.p
df>
103
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
102
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
Insp
ect
the
RC
V t
ailg
ate
cove
r, w
aste
wat
er s
ump
tank
and
ru
bber
sea
l be
twee
n ta
ilgat
e an
d ve
hicl
e bo
dy r
egul
arly
, an
d en
sure
they
are
in g
ood
cond
ition
s; a
nd
Follo
w th
e gu
idel
ines
in th
e C
ode
of P
ract
ice
on th
e O
pera
tion
of
Ref
use
Col
lect
ion
Vehi
cles
.37
Prop
erty
man
ager
s sh
ould
als
o co
nduc
t re
gula
r in
spec
tions
on
RC
Vs
serv
ing
thei
r pr
emis
es a
nd f
eedb
ack
any
prob
lem
ide
ntifi
ed t
o th
eir
cont
ract
ors
for r
ectif
icat
ion.
(d)
(e)
7.6
Con
clus
ion
Alth
ough
in
man
y ca
ses
prop
erty
man
ager
s ar
e no
t th
e of
fend
ers
of
envi
ronm
enta
l of
fenc
es,
they
hav
e im
porta
nt r
oles
in
prev
entin
g su
ch
offe
nces
be
com
mitt
ed.
They
can
con
tribu
te in
cre
atin
g a
gree
n liv
ing
envi
ronm
ent
by
sele
ctin
g su
itabl
e an
d re
spon
sibl
e te
nant
s fo
r th
e pr
emis
es i
n th
e sh
oppi
ng c
entre
s, dr
aftin
g an
d en
forc
ing
the
Dee
d of
M
utua
l Cov
enan
t, an
d m
edia
ting
disp
utes
bet
wee
n re
side
nts.
The
refo
re,
it is
im
porta
nt
for
prop
erty
m
anag
ers
to
get
fam
iliar
w
ith
the
envi
ronm
enta
l le
gisl
atio
ns,
guid
elin
es a
nd p
ollu
tion
cont
rol
mea
sure
s. Im
plem
entin
g po
llutio
n co
ntro
l mea
sure
s m
ay n
ot b
e ea
sy b
ecau
se th
ey
ofte
n in
cur e
xtra
exp
ense
s on
resi
dent
s, ow
ners
of b
usin
ess
and
prop
erty
m
anag
emen
t co
mpa
nies
. H
owev
er,
thes
e m
ust
be d
one
beca
use
it is
ev
eryo
ne's
right
and
des
ire to
enj
oy a
cle
an e
nviro
nmen
t and
thus
it is
ev
eryo
ne's
oblig
atio
n to
redu
ce p
ollu
tion.
8.1
Intr
oduc
tion
Gre
en b
uild
ings
can
red
uce
CO
2 em
issi
ons
and
prom
ote
ener
gy s
avin
g,
resu
lting
in c
oolin
g do
wn
of th
e ea
rth a
nd c
reat
ion
of a
hea
lthie
r wor
k an
d liv
ing
envi
ronm
ent.
G
reen
bu
ildin
gs
may
in
corp
orat
e su
stai
nabl
e m
ater
ials
in
thei
r co
nstru
ctio
n an
d in
volv
e th
e us
e of
env
ironm
enta
lly
frie
ndly
tech
nolo
gies
. Th
e in
itial
up-
fron
t cos
ts o
f gre
en b
uild
ings
may
be
hig
her t
han
the
conv
entio
nal o
nes,
whi
ch h
owev
er c
an b
e of
fset
by
the
econ
omic
gai
ns a
ppar
ently
thro
ugh
life
cycl
e as
sess
men
ts.
Late
st e
nviro
nmen
tally
frie
ndly
tec
hnol
ogie
s an
d m
ater
ials
, lik
e gr
een
roof
s, ph
otoc
atal
ysts
, per
mea
ble
pave
rs a
nd w
ood
plas
tic c
ompo
site
, are
in
trodu
ced
in th
e fo
llow
ing
sect
ions
.
8.2.
1 Sp
ecifi
catio
ns
A g
reen
roo
f is
a r
oof
cove
red
with
pla
nts
grow
ing
in a
spe
cial
ly m
ade
med
ium
for
min
g an
inte
gral
par
t with
the
exis
ting
roof
stru
ctur
e.
This
sh
ould
be
diff
eren
tiate
d fr
om a
trad
ition
al ro
of g
arde
n, w
here
pla
ntin
g is
do
ne in
free
stan
ding
cont
aine
rs an
d pl
ante
rs, l
ocat
ed o
n an
acce
ssib
le ro
of
deck
. The
laye
rs o
f a c
onte
mpo
rary
gre
en ro
of sy
stem
, fro
m th
e to
p do
wn,
in
clud
e:38
A p
icto
ral i
llust
ratio
n of
the
maj
or c
ompo
nent
s of a
gre
en g
reen
is g
iven
in
Figu
re 8
.1 b
elow
.
8.2
Gre
en R
oofs
38St
even
Pec
k an
d M
onic
a K
uhn,
Des
ign
Gui
delin
es fo
r Gre
en R
oofs
, Ont
ario
Ass
ocia
tion
of A
rchi
tect
s
the
plan
ts, o
ften
spec
ially
sel
ecte
d fo
r par
ticul
ar a
pplic
atio
ns;
an e
ngin
eere
d gr
owin
g m
ediu
m, w
hich
may
not
incl
ude
soil;
a la
ndsc
ape
or f
ilter
clo
th to
con
tain
the
root
s an
d th
e gr
owin
g m
ediu
m, w
hile
allo
win
g fo
r wat
er p
enet
ratio
n;a
spec
ializ
ed d
rain
age
laye
r, so
met
imes
with
bui
lt-in
wat
er
rese
rvoi
rs;
the
wat
erpr
oofin
g/ro
ofin
g m
embr
ane,
with
an
inte
gral
roo
t re
pelle
nt; a
ndth
e ro
of st
ruct
ure,
with
trad
ition
al in
sula
tion
eith
er a
bove
or b
elow
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
LE
GIS
LAT
ION
S R
EL
ATE
DTO
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NTA
L C
ON
TR
OL
7A
PPLI
CAT
ION
OF
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L FR
IEN
DLY
DES
IGN
S8
Figu
re 8
.1
Maj
or C
ompo
nent
s of
a G
reen
Roo
f39
Figu
re 8
.2
Sect
iona
l and
Iso
met
ric
Vie
ws
of I
nspe
ctio
n C
ham
bers
40
105
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
104
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
8.2.
2 In
tens
ive
and
exte
nsiv
e gr
een
roof
s
Gre
en ro
ofs
can
be c
ateg
oriz
ed a
s in
tens
ive
and
exte
nsiv
e, d
epen
ding
on
the
dep
th o
f pl
antin
g m
ediu
m,
choi
ce o
f pl
ants
and
am
ount
of
mai
nten
ance
requ
ired
(Fig
ures
8.3
).
Prio
r to
the
inst
alla
tion
of a
gre
en r
oof
syst
em, i
t is
vita
l to
insp
ect t
he
exis
ting
roof
con
ditio
n an
d its
rain
wat
er d
isch
arge
sys
tem
. Wat
er o
utle
ts
for a
n au
tom
atic
irrig
atio
n sy
stem
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed w
here
ver p
ossi
ble.
The
irrig
atio
n sy
stem
sho
uld
be c
apab
le o
f sw
itchi
ng to
man
ual m
ode.
A
cces
s fo
r m
aint
enan
ce a
nd i
nsta
llatio
n of
sta
inle
ss s
teel
ins
pect
ion
cham
bers
with
lock
able
dev
ices
shou
ld a
lso
be p
rovi
ded
(Fig
ure
8.2)
.
An
inte
nsiv
e gr
een
roof
has
thic
ker g
row
ing
med
ium
, usu
ally
mor
e th
an
25 c
m.
It ha
s an
out
look
of a
n or
dina
ry g
arde
n w
ith tr
ees
and
shru
bs o
n th
e top
. It
requ
ires r
egul
ar m
aint
enan
ce an
d im
pose
s hea
vy lo
adin
g on
the
exis
ting
stru
ctur
e.
Exte
nsiv
e gre
en ro
ofs a
re o
ften
not a
cces
sibl
e and
are c
hara
cter
ized
by
low
w
eigh
t, lo
w p
lant
div
ersi
ty,
low
cap
ital
cost
and
min
imal
mai
nten
ance
re
quire
men
ts.
The
vege
tatio
n sh
ould
be
capa
ble
of s
urvi
ving
in b
oth
hot
and
cold
sea
sons
and
req
uirin
g lit
tle w
ater
ing
and
exam
ples
of
drou
ght
tole
rant
pla
nt sp
ecie
s are
giv
en in
Cha
pter
6.
For r
esid
entia
l pro
perti
es, t
he
cons
truct
ion
of e
xten
sive
gre
en r
oofs
is n
orm
ally
tech
nica
lly v
iabl
e an
d m
ore
popu
lar.
The
des
ign
of t
he e
xten
sive
gre
en r
oof
syst
ems
shou
ld
pref
erab
ly m
eet t
he su
gges
ted
follo
win
g re
quire
men
ts li
sted
in T
able
8.1
:
41A
rchi
tect
ural
Ser
vice
s Dep
artm
ent (
Dec
embe
r 200
7), S
tudy
on
Gre
en R
oof A
pplic
atio
n in
Hon
g K
ong,
Urb
is Lt
d
39A
rchi
tect
ural
Ser
vice
s Dep
artm
ent (
Dec
embe
r 200
7), S
tudy
on
Gre
en R
oof A
pplic
atio
n in
Hon
g K
ong,
Urb
is L
td40
Gre
enro
ofs.c
om <
http
://w
ww.
gree
nroo
fs.c
om/a
rchi
ves/
gf_d
ec07
.htm
>
Zin
co <
http
://w
ww.
zinc
o.ca
/insp
ectio
ncha
mbe
rs.h
tml>
Figu
re 8
.3
Inte
nsiv
e an
d E
xten
sive
Gre
en R
oof S
yste
ms41
APP
LIC
ATIO
N O
F EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
FRIE
ND
LY D
ESIG
NS
8A
PPLI
CAT
ION
OF
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L FR
IEN
DLY
DES
IGN
S8
Figu
re 8
.4
Phot
ocat
alyt
ic P
roce
ss b
y T
iO242
107
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
106
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
8.3
Pho
toca
taly
sts
Phot
ocat
alys
is is
a c
hem
ical
reac
tion
whi
ch u
tiliz
es so
lar/l
ight
ene
rgy
and
TiO
2 as a
cat
alys
t for
con
verti
ng a
ir po
lluta
nts s
uch
as n
itrog
en o
xide
and
su
lphu
r dio
xide
to le
ss to
xic
form
s (F
igur
e 8.
4).
It pe
rfor
ms
the
dive
rse
func
tions
of d
ecom
posi
tion
of a
ir an
d w
ater
con
tam
inan
ts, d
eodo
rizat
ion,
self-
clea
ning
, ant
i-fog
ging
and
ant
i-bac
teria
l act
ion.
8.2.
3 A
pplic
atio
n an
d be
nefit
s
In r
espo
nse
to t
he g
over
nmen
t’s p
rom
otio
n of
the
Gre
en P
olic
y, t
he
prov
isio
n of
gre
en ro
ofs
is g
ettin
g po
pula
r in
com
mer
cial
and
resi
dent
ial
build
ings
. N
ot o
nly
will
it e
nhan
ce th
e am
enity
and
aes
thet
ic v
alue
s, bu
t co
ntrib
utes
to
th
e en
viro
nmen
tal
bene
fits
thro
ugh
the
incr
ease
of
in
sula
tion
valu
e, th
ereb
y re
duci
ng th
e co
nsum
ptio
n of
ene
rgy
in th
e lo
ng
run.
Man
y ex
ampl
es a
re fo
und
on p
reci
nct p
avili
ons,
com
mer
cial
blo
cks,
anci
llary
bui
ldin
gs,
shor
ter
resi
dent
ial
bloc
ks i
n es
tate
s w
here
blo
ck
heig
hts v
ary,
and
eve
n co
vere
d w
alkw
ays.
The
desig
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of a
gre
en ro
of p
roje
ct is
rela
tivel
y str
aigh
t fo
rwar
d, p
rovi
ded
all r
elev
ant i
ssue
s, su
ch a
s use
, loc
atio
n, st
ruct
ure,
acc
ess
and
exits
, pl
ants
and
mai
nten
ance
, ar
e th
orou
ghly
con
side
red
and
deal
t w
ith.
Non
ethe
less
, ju
st a
s ea
ch s
ite,
each
bui
ldin
g, e
ach
build
ing
owne
r an
d ea
ch e
nd u
ser
are
diff
eren
t, ev
ery
gree
n ro
of
inst
alla
tion
will
be
uniq
ue.
42TO
TO L
td, J
apan
(201
1)
APP
LIC
ATIO
N O
F EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
FRIE
ND
LY D
ESIG
NS
8A
PPLI
CAT
ION
OF
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L FR
IEN
DLY
DES
IGN
S8
Tabl
e 8.
1R
ecom
men
ded
Des
ign
Cri
teri
a fo
r E
xten
sive
Gre
en R
oofs
Figu
re 8
.5
Hyd
roph
ilic
Prop
erti
es o
f TiO
243
43TO
TO L
td, J
apan
(201
1)
109
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
108
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
88.
3.1
Pho
toca
taly
tic ti
les
Phot
ocat
alyt
ic ti
les
can
be u
sed
for t
oile
ts, l
abor
ator
ies,
kitc
hens
, ext
erna
l w
alls
and
whe
re h
ygie
ne is
ess
entia
l (e.
g. h
ospi
tals
and
mar
kets
). T
hey
poss
ess
the
sam
e ph
ysic
al p
rope
rties
, in
clud
ing
abra
sion
and
che
mic
al
resi
stan
ce, a
s co
nven
tiona
l tile
s, bu
t are
abo
ut 3
0%-4
0% m
ore
expe
nsiv
e.
TiO
2 co
atin
g, b
urne
d-in
at h
igh
tem
pera
ture
, has
the
follo
win
g ad
vant
ages
:
8.3.
2 S
elf-
clea
ning
coa
ting
Self-
clea
ning
coa
ting,
a c
ombi
natio
n of
pho
toca
taly
st a
nd n
ano
tech
nolo
gy,
is a
tra
nspa
rent
and
wat
er-b
ased
coa
ting
syst
em f
or c
oncr
ete,
gla
ss a
nd
pain
ted
surfa
ces.
It is
usu
ally
app
lied
by s
pray
ing
and
can
be d
irect
ly
appl
ied
on c
lean
sur
face
s, i.e
. no
spe
cial
pre
para
tion
requ
ired
befo
re
appl
icat
ion.
It h
as e
xcel
lent
ant
i-fou
ling,
che
mic
al a
nd a
bras
ion
resi
stan
ce,
rust
pre
vent
ion
char
acte
ristic
s an
d is
as
easy
to
use
as c
onve
ntio
nal
coat
ings
. It
prov
ides
long
-last
ing
clea
n fa
çade
and
hyg
iene
ben
efits
, thu
s cr
eatin
g a
com
forta
ble
envi
ronm
ent.
8.3.
3 A
ir p
ollu
tant
rem
oval
pav
ers
Air
pollu
tant
rem
oval
pav
ers
cons
ist o
f a
conc
rete
bas
e la
yer
mad
e fro
m
cem
ent a
nd re
cycl
ed a
ggre
gate
s an
d a
thin
sur
face
laye
r mad
e of
cem
ent,
vario
us a
ggre
gate
mat
eria
ls a
nd a
sm
all a
mou
nt o
f TiO
2 (s
ee F
igur
es 8
.6
and
8.7
belo
w).44
They
hav
e go
od c
ompr
essi
ve st
reng
th a
nd b
ond
stre
ngth
Ther
e ar
e tw
o ty
pes
of r
eact
ions
, na
mel
y, p
hoto
cata
lytic
eff
ect
and
hydr
ophi
lic p
rope
rties
, und
er th
e ul
travi
olet
radi
atio
n, a
s fol
low
s:
44La
puta
Eco
-Con
struc
tion
Mat
eria
l Co.
, Ltd
. <ht
tp//w
ww.
lapu
ta-e
co.c
om>
Phot
ocat
alyt
ic e
ffec
t – T
iO2 s
erve
s as a
cat
alys
t, w
hich
faci
litat
es
the
reac
tion
betw
een
light
, ox
ygen
and
hum
idity
whe
reby
ac
tivat
ed o
xyge
n is
em
itted
, res
ultin
g in
the
dec
ompo
sitio
n of
or
gani
c po
lluta
nts
and
gase
s.
The
effe
ct c
an b
e re
gene
rate
d w
hen
expo
sed
to n
atur
al o
r arti
ficia
l lig
htin
g.
Hyd
roph
ilic
prop
ertie
s –
Und
er t
he l
ight
irr
adia
tion,
wat
er o
n Ti
O2
surf
ace
spre
ads
to f
orm
a t
hin
film
whi
ch p
reve
nts
stat
ic
elec
trici
ty.
Dirt
and
gre
ase
are
lifte
d to
the
surf
ace
such
that
it
can
be w
ashe
d aw
ay e
asily
(Fig
ure
8.5)
.
(a)
(b)
Ant
i-bac
teria
l eff
ects
– T
he p
hoto
cata
lytic
reac
tion
activ
ates
the
oxyg
en m
olec
ules
whi
ch d
ecom
pose
bac
teria
and
fung
i. T
he ra
te
of e
limin
atio
n of
com
mon
bac
teria
can
be
quan
tifie
d in
the
la
bora
tory
test
und
er J
apan
Indu
stria
l Sta
ndar
d Z
2801
:200
0;
Easy
to c
lean
– D
irt a
nd g
reas
e ar
e pr
even
ted
from
col
lect
ing,
th
us r
educ
ing
the
use
of c
lean
ing
agen
ts.
It is
eff
ectiv
e ag
ains
t st
aini
ng c
ause
d by
mic
robe
s, u
rine
and
mou
ld; a
nd
Rem
ove
odou
rs –
Dis
agre
eabl
e od
ours
lik
e am
mon
ia,
mou
ldy
odou
rs a
nd fo
rmal
dehy
de a
re d
ispe
lled
by th
e ac
tivat
ed o
xyge
n.
(a)
(b)
(c)
APP
LIC
ATIO
N O
F EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
FRIE
ND
LY D
ESIG
NS
8A
PPLI
CAT
ION
OF
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L FR
IEN
DLY
DES
IGN
S8
Figu
re 8
.6
TiO
2 fo
r R
emov
ing
Air
Pollu
tant
8.4
Per
mea
ble
Pavi
ng S
yste
ms
Perm
eabl
e pa
ving
sys
tem
s, a
n al
tern
ativ
e to
tra
ditio
nal
impe
rvio
us
pave
men
t, al
low
sto
rm w
ater
to
drai
n th
roug
h th
em a
nd i
nto
a st
one
rese
rvoi
r w
here
wat
er i
s in
filtra
ted
into
the
und
erly
ing
nativ
e so
il or
te
mpo
raril
y de
tain
ed.
Whi
le th
e sp
ecifi
c de
sign
may
var
y, a
ll pe
rmea
ble
pave
men
ts h
ave
a si
mila
r st
ruct
ure,
con
sist
ing
of a
sur
face
pav
emen
t la
yer,
an u
nder
lyin
g st
one
aggr
egat
e re
serv
oir l
ayer
and
a fi
lter l
ayer
or
fabr
ic in
stal
led
on th
e bo
ttom
(Fig
ure
8.8)
. Pe
rmea
ble
pave
rs a
re b
road
ly
clas
sifie
d in
to tw
o m
ajor
cat
egor
ies,
nam
ely
solid
blo
cks
and
perv
ious
bl
ocks
:
111
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
110
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
betw
een
top
laye
r of T
iO2 a
nd b
otto
m la
yer.
The
ir ap
pear
ance
is s
imila
r to
that
of o
rdin
ary
prec
ast c
oncr
ete
pave
rs w
ith a
wid
e ch
oice
of c
olou
rs.
The
cons
titue
nts
of a
ir po
lluta
nt r
emov
al p
aver
s co
ntai
n re
cycl
ed w
aste
gl
ass i
nste
ad o
f usi
ng sa
nd, t
here
by in
crea
sing
the
poro
sity
. Thi
s enh
ance
s th
eir a
ir po
lluta
nt re
mov
al a
bilit
y. L
ight
can
be
carr
ied
to a
gre
ater
dep
th
activ
atin
g th
e Ti
O2 o
n th
e su
rfac
e as
wel
l as w
ithin
the
surf
ace
laye
r. T
he
poro
sity
of
the
surf
ace
laye
r ef
fect
ivel
y in
crea
ses
the
area
ava
ilabl
e fo
r re
actio
n w
ith th
e po
lluta
nts.
In v
iew
of
thei
r ab
ility
to
rem
ove
air
pollu
tant
s, ai
r po
lluta
nt r
emov
al
pave
rs a
re t
o be
use
d fo
r po
llute
d ar
eas
like
indu
stria
l es
tate
s, de
spite
be
ing
mor
e ex
pens
ive
than
ord
inar
y co
ncre
te p
aver
s.
45B
iolo
gica
l and
Agr
icul
tura
l Eng
inee
ring,
NC
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
<
http
://w
ww.
bae.
ncsu
.edu
/stor
mw
ater
/Pub
licat
ionF
iles/P
erm
Pave
2008
.>
Solid
blo
cks
(impe
rmea
ble
bloc
k)
They
are
sm
all
surf
acin
g bl
ocks
or
inte
rlock
ing
bloc
ks w
ith
join
ts, g
rass
pav
ers,
or o
pen-
cell
pave
rs.
Wat
er e
nter
s th
e jo
int
betw
een
solid
pav
ers
or o
pen
cells
of p
aver
s an
d flo
w th
roug
h an
“op
en-g
rade
d” b
ase
into
the
subg
rade
(Fig
ure
8.9)
.
Prev
ious
blo
cks
Thes
e blo
cks c
onsi
st o
f mic
ro g
aps o
n th
e sur
face
of b
lock
s. W
ater
pe
netra
tes t
o gr
ound
thro
ugh
the
inte
rnal
voi
d of
the
bloc
ks.
(a)
(b)
Figu
re 8
.7
Inco
rpor
atin
g T
iO2
into
Con
cret
e Pa
ving
Figu
re 8
.8
Cro
ss S
ecti
on o
f Typ
ical
Per
mea
ble
Pave
men
t45
APP
LIC
ATIO
N O
F EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
FRIE
ND
LY D
ESIG
NS
8A
PPLI
CAT
ION
OF
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L FR
IEN
DLY
DES
IGN
S8
Perm
eabl
e pa
ving
syst
ems a
re su
itabl
e fo
r low
traf
fic ro
ads,
par
king
lots
, dr
ivew
ays,
ped
estri
an p
laza
s and
wal
kway
s. T
hey
are
idea
l for
site
with
lim
ited
spac
e fo
r oth
er s
urfa
ce s
torm
wat
er b
est m
anag
emen
t pra
ctic
es.
How
ever
, th
ey s
houl
d no
t be
app
lied
in p
ollu
tion
hot
spot
s su
ch a
s ve
hicl
es f
uelli
ng,
serv
ice
or d
emol
ition
are
as,
outd
oor
stor
age
and
hand
ling
area
s fo
r haz
ardo
us m
ater
ial,
and
heav
y in
dust
ry s
ites.
Perm
eabl
e pa
ving
sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
de
sign
ed
and
inst
alle
d in
ac
cord
ance
with
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s
spec
ifica
tions
. To
opt
imiz
e w
ater
in
filtra
tion
thro
ugh
perm
eabl
e pa
vers
, th
e sl
ope
of t
he s
urfa
ce s
houl
d ra
nge
from
0.5
per
cent
to
two
perc
ent.
Bes
ides
, th
e su
b-ba
se d
esig
n de
pend
s on
the
site
con
ditio
n. P
erfo
rate
d pi
pe m
ay b
e ne
eded
to in
stal
l on
the
top
of th
e su
b-gr
ade
for d
isch
argi
ng th
e dr
aini
ng o
f exc
ess
wat
er.
One
of
the
maj
or c
once
rns
for
mai
ntai
ning
a p
erm
eabl
e pa
ving
sy
stem
is
to p
reve
nt c
logg
ing
of t
he v
oid
spac
es w
ithin
the
sur
face
m
ater
ial.
The
refo
re,
all
cont
ribu
ting
catc
hmen
t ar
eas
shou
ld b
e st
abili
zed,
i.e
. pa
ved,
gra
ssed
and
veg
etat
ed t
o pr
even
t se
dim
ent
load
s. D
epen
ding
on
the
syst
em, o
ccas
iona
l sw
eepi
ng o
r mec
hani
cal
suct
ion
brus
hing
of
debr
is w
ill b
e re
quir
ed t
o en
sure
tha
t th
e vo
id
spac
es d
o no
t clo
g. T
he s
urfa
ce s
houl
d no
t be
seal
ed o
r rep
aved
with
no
n-po
rous
mat
eria
ls.
As
a te
achi
ng t
ool
for
the
publ
ic a
nd a
s a
rem
inde
r of
mai
nten
ance
obl
igat
ions
, edu
catio
nal s
igna
ge s
houl
d be
in
stal
led
whe
reve
r por
ous
pave
rs a
re u
sed.
113
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
112
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
The
mai
n ad
vant
ages
of t
hese
per
mea
ble
pavi
ng sy
stem
s are
as f
ollo
ws:
46In
terlo
ckin
g C
oncr
ete
Pave
men
t Ins
titut
e, H
ernd
on, V
A, P
erm
eabl
e In
terlo
ckin
g C
oncr
ete
Pave
men
t-sel
ectio
n
d
esig
n, c
onstr
uctio
n an
d M
aint
enan
ce (T
hird
Edi
tion)
Red
uce
stor
mw
ater
run-
off a
nd p
ollu
tant
s;R
echa
rge
grou
nd w
ater
;R
educ
e th
e ch
ance
of f
lood
ing;
and
Incr
ease
dry
-wea
ther
flow
in ri
vers
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figu
re 8
.9
Typi
cal D
etai
ls o
f Per
mea
ble
Pavi
ng S
yste
ms46
8.5
Woo
d Pl
astic
Com
posi
te
The
woo
d-pl
astic
com
posi
tes
(WPC
s) a
re c
ompo
site
mat
eria
ls m
ade
of
mix
ed
natu
ral
fibre
s, su
ch
as
bam
boo/
woo
d po
wde
r, re
-cyc
led
ther
mop
last
ics,
and
chem
ical
add
itive
s. T
hese
mat
eria
ls a
re s
trong
, m
oist
ure
resi
stan
t, an
ti-sl
ip, t
erm
ite a
nd in
sect
s-pr
oof.
The
sur
face
look
s lik
e na
tura
l woo
d ap
pear
ance
with
min
imal
mai
nten
ance
, i.e
., no
pai
ntin
g,
no g
lue,
etc
. W
PCs
are
extru
ded
from
hig
h pr
essu
re a
nd t
empe
ratu
re
mac
hine
s. E
ach
piec
e is
kno
t-fre
e an
d co
nsis
tent
in
size
, co
lour
and
le
ngth
. WPC
s do
not
sha
re th
e co
mm
on p
robl
ems
asso
ciat
ed w
ith ti
mbe
r, lik
e ro
tting
and
war
ping
, but
has
the
dura
bilit
y of
pla
stic
with
at l
east
a
10-y
ear w
arra
nty
agai
nst c
rack
ing,
pee
ling,
split
ting
and
rotti
ng.
Scra
tche
s, cu
ts a
nd g
roov
es c
an b
e el
imin
ated
by
usin
g a
wire
bru
sh.
Wea
ther
ing
will
hel
p re
turn
the
brus
hed
area
to it
s or
igin
al a
ppea
ranc
e.
Cle
aner
s co
ntai
ning
sod
ium
hyp
odor
ite m
ay b
e us
ed f
or b
ette
r ef
fect
s. Fu
rther
mor
e, W
PCs
have
a w
ide
choi
ce o
f co
lour
s w
hich
allo
w m
ore
flexi
bilit
y fo
r in
terio
r an
d ar
chite
ctur
al d
esig
n.
They
req
uire
muc
h le
ss
mai
nten
ance
tha
n pr
essu
re-tr
eate
d w
ood
alth
ough
the
ir in
itial
cos
ts a
re
com
para
tivel
y hi
gher
than
nat
ural
tim
ber.
Now
aday
s, W
PCs
are
wid
ely
used
for
out
door
dec
k flo
orin
g, p
ark
benc
hes,
perg
olas
, fe
nces
, la
ndsc
apin
g tim
bers
an
d ch
ildre
n pl
ay
equi
pmen
t (F
igur
e 8.
10 b
elow
). R
ecen
tly,
this
tec
hnol
ogy
has
been
ap
plie
d to
the
man
ufac
turin
g of
surf
ace
wat
er g
ratin
g an
d m
anho
le c
over
s in
Chi
na a
s wel
l.
APP
LIC
ATIO
N O
F EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
FRIE
ND
LY D
ESIG
NS
8A
PPLI
CAT
ION
OF
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L FR
IEN
DLY
DES
IGN
S8
115
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
114
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
APP
LIC
ATIO
N O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
FRIE
ND
LY D
ESI
GN
S8 47
Bio
woo
d A
ustra
lia <
http
://bi
owoo
daus
tralia
.com
.au/
>
Figu
re 8
.10
Typi
cal W
ood
Plas
tic
Com
posi
te P
rodu
cts47
8.6
Con
clus
ion
New
bui
ldin
gs m
ay b
e de
sign
ed, b
uilt
and
oper
ated
to b
e gr
een
build
ings
. Ex
istin
g bu
ildin
g ca
n al
so b
ecom
e gr
een
thro
ugh
rem
odel
ling,
retro
fittin
g an
d im
prov
ed o
pera
tions
. To
max
imis
e th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal
perf
orm
ance
of
build
ings
, gr
een
build
ings
may
inc
orpo
rate
sus
tain
able
m
ater
ials
in
thei
r co
nstru
ctio
n (e
.g.
mad
e fr
om r
enew
able
res
ourc
es),
crea
te h
ealth
y in
door
env
ironm
ents
with
min
imal
pol
luta
nts
(e.g
. red
uced
pr
oduc
t em
issi
ons)
, and
feat
ure
land
scap
ing
that
redu
ces w
ater
usa
ge (e
.g.
usin
g na
tive
drou
ght t
oler
ant p
lant
s).
Gre
en b
uild
ings
may
cos
t mor
e up
fron
t, bu
t can
save
mon
ey o
ver t
he li
fe
of th
e bu
ildin
g th
roug
h lo
wer
ope
ratin
g co
sts,
whi
ch a
re m
ost l
ikel
y to
be
fully
real
ized
whe
n in
corp
orat
ed a
t the
pro
ject
’s c
once
ptua
l des
ign
phas
e w
ith th
e ass
ista
nce o
f an
inte
grat
ed m
ultid
isci
plin
ary
proj
ect t
eam
. In
view
of
the
ir ac
quai
ntan
ce w
ith u
sers
’ req
uire
men
ts a
nd b
uild
ing
oper
atio
ns,
prof
essi
onal
pro
perty
and
fac
ility
man
ager
s sh
ould
be
recr
uite
d in
to th
e pr
ojec
t tea
m a
s ear
ly a
s pos
sibl
e to
act
at t
he fo
refr
ont o
f new
tech
nolo
gies
in
dev
elop
ing
envi
ronm
enta
lly fr
iend
ly d
esig
ns.
APP
EN
DIX
: Sa
mpl
e W
ater
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n Fo
rms
Wate
r A
udit
Sum
mary
Buildin
g I
nfo
rmati
on
Buildin
g N
am
e:
Buildin
g A
ddre
ss:
Date
of
com
mencem
ent
of
wate
raudit
:
Date
of
com
mencem
ent
of
wate
r audit
:
Info
rmati
on C
hecklist
Y
N/A
1)
Buildin
g f
loor
pla
ns
2)
Lis
t of
wate
r m
ete
rs
3)
Past
wate
r and s
ew
er
bills
4)
Subm
ete
r consum
pti
on d
ata
5)
Facilit
y o
pera
ting,
main
tenance a
nd j
anit
ori
al
work
schedule
s
6)
Facilit
y o
ccupants
and v
isit
ors
schedule
s
7)
Lis
t of
wate
r-usin
g e
quip
ment
With
man
ufac
ture
rs’ r
ecom
men
ded/
spec
ified
flow
rate
8)
Com
ple
te i
nve
nto
ry l
ist
of
plu
mbin
g f
ixtu
re
With
info
rmat
ion
in fl
ow ra
te a
nd w
ater
effi
cien
cy la
belin
g
9)
Pri
or
wate
r and/o
r energ
y a
udit
result
s
10)
S
ubm
issi
on d
eta
ils
of
the W
SD
’s Q
uality
Wate
r R
ecognit
ion S
chem
e, if
applicable
117
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
116
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
119
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
118
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
121
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
120
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
LIS
T O
F A
BB
RE
VIA
TIO
NS
AC
Ms
as
best
os c
onta
inin
g m
ater
ials
APC
O
A
ir Po
llutio
n C
ontro
l Ord
inan
ceA
PC(C
D)R
A
ir Po
llutio
n C
ontro
l (C
onst
ruct
ion
Dus
t) R
egul
atio
nA
PC(F
OC
)(IA
)R
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol (
Furn
aces
, Ove
ns a
nd C
him
neys
)
(I
nsta
llatio
n an
d A
ltern
atio
n) R
egul
atio
nsA
PC(S
)R
Air
Pollu
tion
Con
trol (
Smok
e) R
egul
atio
nsB
EAM
Bui
ldin
g En
viro
nmen
t Ass
essm
ent M
etho
dB
EC
B
uild
ing
Ener
gy C
ode
BEE
O
B
uild
ing
Ener
gy E
ffic
ienc
y O
rdin
ance
BM
Ss
bu
ildin
g m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
sC
EDD
Civ
il En
gine
erin
g an
d D
evel
opm
ent D
epar
tmen
tC
IBSE
Cha
rtere
d In
stitu
tion
of B
uild
ing
Serv
ices
Eng
inee
rsC
O2
C
arbo
n di
oxid
eE&
M
el
ectri
cal a
nd m
echa
nica
lEM
Os
En
ergy
Man
agem
ent O
ppor
tuni
ties
EMS
en
viro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
EMSD
Elec
trica
l and
Mec
hani
cal S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent
EPD
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Dep
artm
ent
GH
G
gr
eenh
ouse
gas
HK
Hon
g K
ong
HVA
C
he
atin
g, v
entil
atio
n an
d ai
r con
ditio
ning
IAQ
Indo
or a
ir qu
ality
ISO
Inte
rnat
iona
l Org
aniz
atio
n fo
r Sta
ndar
diza
tion
LED
Ligh
t-em
ittin
g D
iode
sM
EELS
M
anda
tory
Ene
rgy
Effic
ienc
y La
belli
ng S
chem
eM
VAC
Mec
hani
cal v
entil
atio
n ai
r con
ditio
ning
NC
O
N
oise
Con
trol O
rdin
ance
NSR
s
Noi
se S
ensi
tive
Rec
eive
rsR
CV
Ref
use
Col
lect
ion
Vehi
cles
TiO
2
Tita
nium
dio
xide
UH
I
Urb
an h
eat i
slan
dU
LSD
ultra
-low
sul
phur
die
sel
VO
C
vo
latil
e or
gani
c co
mpo
unds
VRV
varia
ble
refr
iger
ant v
olum
eW
DO
Was
te D
ispo
sal O
rdin
ance
WEL
S
wat
er e
ffic
ienc
y la
belin
g sc
hem
eW
MO
s
wat
er m
anag
emen
t opp
ortu
nitie
sW
PCs
w
ood-
plas
tic c
ompo
site
sW
PCO
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
Con
trol O
rdin
ance
WSD
Wat
er S
uppl
ies
Dep
artm
ent
122
HK
IS G
reen
Pro
pert
y M
anag
emen
t Pra
ctic
es
DIS
CL
AIM
ER
This
pu
blic
atio
n,
whi
ch
is
prep
ared
by
th
e Pr
oper
ty
and
Faci
lity
Man
agem
ent
Div
isio
n of
the
Hon
g K
ong
Inst
itute
of
Surv
eyor
s, se
eks
to
outli
ne th
e cu
rren
t pra
ctic
e in
the
field
of p
rope
rty a
nd fa
cilit
y m
anag
emen
t.
This
pub
licat
ion
is fo
r gen
eral
refe
renc
e on
ly.
Pers
ons d
esiri
ng to
util
ize
any
info
rmat
ion
in th
is p
ublic
atio
n sh
ould
ver
ify it
s app
licab
ility
to th
eir s
peci
fic
circ
umst
ance
s, an
d sh
ould
not
rel
y on
the
inf
orm
atio
n as
pro
fess
iona
l or
le
gal a
dvic
e of
the
surv
eyin
g pr
ofes
sion
. W
hils
t eve
ry e
ffort
has b
een
mad
e to
ens
ure
the
info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
are
acc
urat
e, th
e In
stitu
te o
r the
Div
isio
n gi
ves
no g
uara
ntee
or
war
rant
y fo
r an
y lia
bilit
y fo
r an
y lo
ss o
r da
mag
e ho
wso
ever
cau
sed
to a
ny p
erso
n by
the
relia
nce
on th
e in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed
by th
is p
ublic
atio
n.
