Green Jobs: Safety & Health Outlook forWorkers and Small EmployersApril 1, 2010Sanji Kanth, Safety EngineerOffice of General Industry EnforcementDirectorate of Enforcement Programs

Panel Members Don Ellenberger Environmental Hazard Training Director CPWR The Center for Construction Research and Training Michele Myers Manager of Labor, Health and Safety Policy American Wind Energy Association

Justin August, CIH Industrial Hygienist Covanta Energy Corporation

Session Overview OSHAs green job efforts and discuss workplace hazards associated with green jobs. Information on green processes and technologies that are incorporated into the construction, energy, and waste management and recycling industries. Opportunities and challenges posed by green jobs. Best practices and strategies for small businesses in reducing safety and health hazards associated with green jobs.

What are Green Jobs?No Widely Accepted Definition Jobs Related to Preserving or Restoring Environment or Natural Resources Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Seeking Comments on the Green Jobs Definitionhttp://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/2010-5705.htm

Green Jobs Industry Categories Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency Greenhouse Gas Reduction Pollution Reduction and Cleanup Recycling and Waste Reduction Agricultural and Natural Resources Conservation Education, Compliance, Public Awareness, and Training

Renewable Energy

Wind Solar Biomass/BioFuel Geothermal Tidal Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cells Other Renewable Sources

Falls Confined Spaces Fires Lockout/Tagout Medical and First Aid Crane, Derrick and Hoist Safety Electrical Machine Guarding Respiratory Protection, and Other Typical Workplace Hazards Green Jobs Hazards

Picture Source: http://simplifiedsafety.com/solutions/application/wind-turbine/ Falls Confined Spaces Lockout/Tagout Crane, Derrick and Hoist Safety Electrical Machine Guarding Other Typical Workplace HazardsWind Energy Hazards

Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing

Sanding & Grinding

Wind Energy Hazards (contd.)Fire HazardsMedical and First AidSource: http://www.windaction.org/pictures/1054

Solar Panel Installation/Removal Hazards

Fall HazardsElectrical HazardsHeat/Cold Stress HazardsInstalling/Removing Photovoltaic Products containing Cadmium Telluride (carcinogen)Picture Source: http://www.coshnetwork.org/sites/default/files/OSEIA_Solar_Safety_12-06.pdf

Source: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/ohb/Pages/New.aspx#solarSolar Energy Accidents

http://www.coshnetwork.org/sites/default/files/OSEIA_Solar_Safety_12-06.pdf

Weatherization and Insulation HazardsUse of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF)Chemical Hazards - IsocyanatesConfined Space HazardsFall HazardsFire Hazards Medical and First AidElectrical Hazards

BioFuel HazardsFire and Explosion hazardsChemical Reactivity hazardsToxicity hazardsOther Hazards

Picture Source: http://www.nunukphotos.com/biofuels-photos.html

Waste Management and RecyclingCollectionTraffic Safety ErgonomicsLeadMercuryPrecious/Rare MetalsMachine GuardingLockout/TagoutCardboard Baling

GeoThermal HazardsTrenching Excavations Silica Electrical Welding and cuttingFall protection

Picture Source: http://www.ecogeek.org/component/content/article/2988-us-government-surpasses-google-for-geothermal-fund

Green Roof HazardsPicture Source: http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/902/

Fall Protection Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Related Hazards Exposure to Silica dust Crane Derrick and Hoist Powered Industrial Trucks Electrical Heat/Cold Stress

Hydrogen Fuel Cell HazardsFire and Explosion HazardsElectrical HazardsOther Typical Workplace Hazards

OSHA Green Jobs Safety Web PageGreens Jobs Web Site OSHAPedia

OSHA Green Jobs Safety Web Page

Industry specific hazards OSHA standards applicable to the hazards OSHA resources addressing the hazards Accident Information Other outside resources

Future Plans Monitor Injury/Illness trends Continuously Improve the Web Page on Green Jobs in providing necessary resources to employers and workers

Green jobs are good jobs only when they are safe jobs. -- David Michaels, PhD, MPH December 16, 2009

A View from under the Hard HatDon Ellenberger, Environmental Hazard Training Director

April 1, 2010Frances Perkins Building AuditoriumU.S. Department of LaborWashington, D.C.Green Jobs: Safety & Health Outlook for Workers

Insulators & Asbestos WorkersBoilermakersBricklayersCarpentersPlasterers & Cement MasonsElectrical WorkersIronworkersPainters & Allied TradesPlumbers & Pipe FittersRoofersSheet Metal WorkersElevator ConstructorsLaborersTeamstersOperating Engineers

Number and percentage of construction establishments and employees,by establishment size, 2007 (Payroll establishments) Establishment size Number of % of all Total number % of all (number of employees) establishments establishments of employees employees 1 to 9 660,454 81.4% 1,711,260 23.5% 10 to 19 78,957 9.7% 1,057,733 14.6% 20 to 99 63,309 7.8% 2,457,313 33.8% 100 to 499 8,176 1.0% 1,481,955 20.4% 500 or more 556 0.1% 559,622 7.7% Total 811,452 100.00% 7,267,833 100.00%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau: County Business Patterns, 2007

What is Green (in construction?)Building upgrades for older homes / apartmentsWindows / doors / insulation

What is Green (in construction?)Wind turbine erection

Are Green Jobs Safer?No statistical difference between green and non-green projects in terms of construction worker safety and health.

Source: Rajendran / Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, October 2009

USGBC says occupants are healthier and more productive in LEED buildingsBut what about the builders . . . ?

The LEED BuildingDesigned to:Reduce energy consumptionReduce water consumptionReduce CO2 outputImprove indoor air qualityImprove resources stewardship

Harold Billingsley, Ironworker

How many construction site deaths should there be to make a building not green regardless of the environmental benefits?

How can safety be designed into Green Jobs?There currently is a blind spot in sustainable design practice when it comes to worker safety and health. Tremendous focus is placed on materials, energy and the environment, but designers typically give little, if any, consideration to the safety and health of the people who install the green features or build the projects.

Source: Gambatese / ENR.com

NIOSHs Top Compelling Activities#3 Include OSH into green and sustainable standards as they are being updated#4 Include OSH in procurement and construction#6 Integrate safety and health into green elements of contractor specifications#9 Develop, validate and disseminate a LEED-like OSHA rating system

We can quantifyLEED rates jobs on:Sustainable sitesWater efficiencyEnergy and atmosphereMaterials and resourcesIndoor environmental air qualityInnovation and designSo let US rate jobs on:Owner commitment to safetySafety and health professionals / contractsSafety and health planningTraining and educationEmployee involvementThere is a tool in development to do this

LEED-like OSH rating system

Project Team SelectionOwner uses past safety performance when selecting a contractorGeneral uses past safety performance when selecting subsOwner chooses designer with experience / knowledge of worker safety & health

S & H in ContractsSafety & Health requirements in contractsHazards identified in drawingsSpecify less hazardous materials

S & H ProfessionalsCompetent personnel for all high hazard tasksOwner safety representativeGeneral contractor safety representativeSub-contractor safety representative

S & H PlanningIncluded during conceptual stage of projectConstructability reviewDesigning for worker safety and healthLife cycle safety design reviewSafety checklist for designersGeneral and Subs site specific safety plan

S & H Planning (cont.)Job hazard analysisPre-task planningLook-ahead scheduleTraffic plansGood housekeeping planPPE plan

Training and EducationSafety training for designersSafety orientation for all workersOSHA 10 for all workersSafety training for field supervisors*

A Foremans ChoiceCommercial building HVAC / energy upgrades

Construction Safety Association of Ontario - Study

My recommendation for small employers with construction workers:Plan for safetyTrain your foremenTrain workers, especially new and inexperienced workersScore yourself on how well you design your project from inception

As DOL/BLS proceeds in establishing a definition of green jobs, it is essential that conserving our human resources receive the same consideration as conserving our natural resources.Don Ellenberger CPWR301-578-8500donellenberger@cpwr.comwww.cpwr.comOur recommendations to DOL / BLS & OSHA

Safety and Health Outlook:Wind Energy

April 1, 2010Michele MyersManager, Labor, Health and Safety PolicyAmerican Wind Energy Association

American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)Founded in 1974

More than 2,500 business membersWind project developersTransportation and construction companiesManufacturers from bolts to turbinesMore than 8,000 parts in a turbine

www.AWEA.org provides extensive info on wind

American Wind Energy AssociationTrade association for the wind energy industryOver 2,500 business members

www.awea.org

Develops policies and conducts analysis to support wind industry growth

Executes wind industrys legislative agenda

Promotes wind energy through advocacy, advertising and media relations

Convenes conferences and workshops to educate the public and bring industry members together

History of Wind Energy

An Age-Old Energy Source

Early DaysCretan windmill (1464 AD mechanical water pumping)

Dutch windmill (1500 mechanical water pumping, grain milling)

U.S. farm windmill (1854 present mechanical water pumping)

Early DaysBrush Turbine (1888)First large-scale unit (17-m rotor diameter)

Small wind electric turbines (1890s Denmark, U.S., elsewhere)

Sporadic experiments with turbines of ~100 kW in U.K., Italy, Germany (1920s and 1930s)

Early DaysSmith-Putnam TurbineGrandpa Knob, Castleton, VT175-foot rotor, 1.25-MW capacityOperated from late 1941 to spring of 1945Economic failure technological triumphFoundation footings still in place

Post-1973 Oil ShockFederal Wind R&D Program

Outgrowth of Eisenhower-era NSF program

Sponsored procurements in range of sizes

Boeing MOD-2 is icon (300-foot rotor, 3-MW capacity)

Helped build technology and engineering base

Post-1973 Oil Shock1978 Second oil shock leads to:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA)Requires utilities to buy electricity from renewable and cogeneration facilitiesEnergy Tax Act of 1978Creates 15% Energy Investment Tax Credit (EITC)Added to existing 10% ITCLimited Partnership Structure -> Wind Farms

Early Wind Farm EraFirst Wind Farm Crotched Mountain, NH, December 1980 (equipment failures, wind speed overestimated)California Wind Farms Altamont, Tehachapi, San Gorgonio passes, December 1981Wind begins explosive growth, ended abruptly with sunset of EITC in December 1985

Wind Turbines:Power for a House or City

Basic Supply ChainRaw Materials Suppliers

Component Suppliers

Major Component Suppliers

Turbine ManufacturersTurbine Manufacturers create a ripple effect down the supply chain, creating even more jobs indirectly than at their facilities.

Fundamentals of Wind PowerRotor

Nacelle

TowerTurbine subsystems include:

A rotor, or blades, which convert the wind's energy into rotational shaft energy

A nacelle (enclosure) containing a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator

A tower, to support the rotor and drive train; and electronic equipment such as controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment.

Inside a Nacelle

How Big is a 2-MW Wind Turbine?This picture shows a Vestas 80-meter diameter, 2-MW wind turbine superimposed on a Boeing 747 jumbo jet80 m.59.6 m.

Turbine ComponentsTowers:TowersLaddersLifts

Rotor:HubNose ConeBlades Composites Blade CorePitch MechanismsDrivesBrakesRotary Union

Nacelle:Nacelle CoverNacelle BaseHeat exchangerControllersGeneratorPower ElectronicsLubricantsFiltrationInsulationGearboxPumpDrivetrainCeramicsShaft

Foundation:RebarConcreteCasings

Other:TransformersBolts/FastenersWirePaints and CoatingsLightingLighting ProtectionSteel Working/MachiningCommunication DevicesControl and Condition Monitoring EquipmentElectrical Interface and Electrical ConnectionBatteriesBearingsBrakes

There are over 8,000 components in a turbine, including:2

Wind Power TechnologyHub Height: 60-100 meters (197-328 feet)

Rotor Diameter: 70-100 meters (230-328 feet)

Total Weight of Turbine: 230 - 340 tons

Small Wind SystemsRange from 0.3 to 100 kW

Installed in on- and off-grid applications

Require 4 m/s (9 mph) average wind sites

Large Wind SystemsRange in size from 660 kW to 3.6 MW

Provide wholesale bulk power

Require average wind speeds of 6 m/s (13 mph)

One megawatt of wind generates about as much electricity as 225 to 300 households use

U.S. Wind Resource Map

Jobs - Wind Energy

20% Wind Energy by 2030U.S. Department of Energy: The U.S. possesses sufficient and affordable wind resources to obtain at least 20% of its electricity from wind by the year 2030.

Job Projections Under 20% ReportOver 500,000 total jobs would be supported by the wind industry In 2008, wind industry added 35,000 new jobsSource: U.S. DOE, 20% Wind Energy by 2030

Wind Project Development46 states would have wind development by 2030 under the 20% VisionSource: U.S. DOE, 20% Wind Energy by 2030

Domestically Manufactured Components20052008~25% domestic components~2,500 MW installed~1,500 turbines installed

~50% domestic components~8,500 MW installed~5,300 turbines installedThere has been a dramatic shift towards domestic manufacturing for wind turbine components2008

Current Manufacturing CapacityThere are well over 120 manufacturing facilities for turbines and large components currently online in the U.S.U.S. manufacturers are producing all the turbines components.In 2005, about 30% of turbine & major components were made in the U.S., but in 2008 domestically manufactured components in turbines accounted for about 50% by value.

Turbine Manufacturers with a U.S. PresenceAcciona Clipper DeWind Gamesa GE Energy Siemens Suzlon VestasFuhrlander (Announced)Global Wind Systems (Announced)Nordex (Announced)Nordic (Announced)

U.S. Manufacturing LocationsOver 40 U.S. states host more than 160 wind-related manufacturing facilities

Wind manufacturing is spread across the U.S. with major turbine manufacturers operating in varied regions

With the growth in the industry, many states have recently entered into the supply chain.4

Primary States for ManufacturingStates with five or more major facilities (online or announced):

CaliforniaColorado Iowa Illinois MichiganMinnesotaOhioPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaTexas

Turbine Manufacturer LocationsNordicFuhrlander(announced)SuzlonBlades onlyAcciona, ClipperGamesaGE EnergyGE Energy, Continental (announced)VestasDeWindNordex, EWT, Mitsubishi(all announced)Global Wind Systems (announced)Siemens(announced)

New U.S. Manufacturing CapacityBetween 1Q 2007 and 4Q 2008 (24 months), there was significant growth in the industrys manufacturing capacity.19 new facilities online31 announced facilities21 announced facility expansionsA total of 71 facilities have come on-line, been announced, or have expanded.3

Market

Update

2009 HighlightsNearly 10,000 MW installed in 2009

39% annual growth

Total installations now above 35 GW

Shattered all installation records thanks to the Recovery Act

Turbine manufacturing is down compared to last years levels

Need long-term policy certainty and market pull in order to grow manufacturing sector

U.S. is World Leader in Wind Power

U.S. Wind Industry: 2009

Second year in a row adding over 40% of US capacityWind MW Installed

Total Installation in 4Q 2009:4,041 MW

Total Installation in 2009:9,922 MW

Total U.S. Installation through 4Q 2009:35,159 MW

Source: American Wind Energy Association

Wind Power Installations by State

Top Ten States in 2009Source: American Wind Energy Association

Top 10 Largest Wind Farms

State by State Installations (MW)Source: American Wind Energy Association

Market Players

Turbines Installed in 2009: Acciona WP, Clipper, DeWind, Fuhrlander, Gamesa, GE Energy, Mitsubishi, Nordex, REpower, Siemens, Suzlon & Vestas

The project developer list continues to diversify and change with new developers increasing their activity in 2009 and other developers decreasing market activity.

Utility ownership of wind projects trending at similar rates of 2008, more community-owned projects

Other Half of the Market: ManufacturingThe U.S. continues to add new manufacturing facilities, but growth is down by a third:

38 online, announced or expanded manufacturing facilities in 2009, compared to 58 facilities in 2009.

As new turbine orders continue to come in slowly, some manufacturing production is running at significantly decreased levels compared to 2008 due to decreased demand and some excess supply.

Establishment of a long-term, stable market is still the key to unleashing investment in manufacturing capabilities in the U.S.

Countries are competing through policy for the wind industry, wind manufacturing and jobs!

U.S. Wind Manufacturing Source: American Wind Energy Association; Updated Through 4Q2009

2008 Turbine StatisticsTurbine installed the most in the U.S. in 2008 was the 1.5-MW turbine. Average turbine capacity is 1.67 MWTurbine ComponentsTurbine Ranges

Occupational Safety and Health = Core ValueImprove Worker Safety and Health

Support of Continuous Education and Training of Employers and Employees in the Wind Industry

Work Cooperatively with Regulating Agencies to Ensure the Safety and Health for All Workers

AWEA Safety and Health CommitteeAWEA Safety and Health CommitteeCreated 3 years ago Over 450 members participating9 subcommittees and task forces20-50 participants on each subcommitteeMonthly conference callsAddress the most pressing issues within the industry

AWEA Safety and Health CommitteeSteering CommitteeConstruction Safety SubcommitteeManufacturing Safety SubcommitteeO&M Safety SubcommitteeTraining and Education SubcommitteeOffshore Safety SubcommitteeSafety Survey SubcommitteeConfined Space Task ForceLOTO Task Force

Safety and Health InitiativesEducation and Understanding the Intricacies of Development and the Sustainability of Wind Generation Plants

Safety and Health Initiatives

Empowering Workers to be Engaged and Take Ownership in Worker Safety and Health Programs

Collect and Monitor Injury, Illness, and Fatality Data

Leading Indicators

Injuries, Illness, and Fatalities

What are the Causes

Where are the Accidents

Identify the High Hazard Areas

Develop Solutions to Eliminate or Significantly Reduce Hazards

Safety and Health Initiatives

Identify High Risk Hazards

FallsEmergency RescueConfined SpaceEnvironmental Conditions

Training InitiativesCreate and Develop Appropriate Safety and Health Training Programs and Educational Materials for All Sectors of the Wind Industry

OSHA 10 Hour

OSHA 30 Hour

Supervisor

Emergency Rescue

Confined Space

Thank you!More information :

Michele MyersManager, Labor, Health and Safety Policy

www.awea.org | 202-383-2500 | mmyers@awea.org

www.awea.org/events

Waste Management and Recycling& Associated Workplace HazardsJustin August, CIHCovanta Energy Corporation

Largest Energy-from-Waste (EfW) operator in the worldGlobal presence; local relationshipsNorth America, Asia & Europe4,000 employees

45 EfW and 8 biomass to electric facilitiesAlmost 10% of U.S. non-hydro renewable electricityOver 6% of U.S post recycled waste disposal400,000 tons of metal recycled each year

Lee County EfW, Florida*

Renewable Energy

U.S. EPA states that Energy-from-Waste produces electricity with less environmental impact than almost any other source

25 States and the federal government defined EfW as renewable

A new 2,000-3,000 ton/day facility73 to 110 MW electricity

Converting Waste Into Clean Renewable Power Helps Solve Three of the Nations Biggest ChallengesClimate ChangeOne ton of trash reduces one ton of CO2 eqEnergy SecurityLocal renewable energy available 24/7 Creates JobsTypical facility creates 1,000 construction jobs (3+ years)

Energy-from-Waste reduces waste volumes by 90%

*Economic Investment Green Jobs1,600 ton per day facility$450 million construction cost ~ 3 years of activity300-500 direct construction jobs per year~$31 million annual operating budget benefits local economy50 full time to operate facilityHigh paid jobs averaging more than $60KState Income Tax and Host Community benefitsGoods and services purchased locally

Covanta - Industry Leader in VPP & EPAEPA Environmental Performance Track25 EPT Sites

VPP - Top 7 of all Companies 39 VPP Star Sites

VPP - Number of SGE/STM ParticipantsTop 4

VPP Sites (39)

Non-VPP Target Sites (13)

Mid-Con, CTSECONN, CTBristol, CTWallingford, CTHempstead, NYHuntington, NYMacArthur, NYBabylon, NYHudson Valley, NYEssex, NJUnion, NJWERC, NJAlexandria, VAFairfax, VANiagara, NYOnondaga, NY

Harrisburg, PADelaware, PALancaster, PAPlymouth, PAYork, PAAbington TS, PAKent, MIDetroit, MIHennepin, MNIndianapolis, INMarion, ORBMP, CAMLP, CAPOPI, CAStanislaus, CADelano, CAMendota, CALong Beach, CA

Honolulu, HI

Huntsville, ALCFS-SouthSoutheastern, FLPasco, FLLake, FLLee, FLHillsborough, FLTulsa, OKCovanta Facility OSHA VPP Status by OSHA RegionJanuary 2010Jonesboro, MEWest Enfield, ME Haverhill, MA SEMASS, MASpringfield, MAPittsfield, MACFS-NorthMontgomery, MDMontgomery TS, MD

Covanta Safety Management SystemsCorporate Technical Standards & Safety Steering CommitteeWorkCare - Occupational Health Physicians for Injury Treatment and ExamsRegional Audits: Snapshots, Corporate Audit ProgramProviding Support to Implement Corporate HS Policies

Facility Local Occupational Health Clinic / Mobile Exam ClinicNear miss reports, Job Observations (JOBs), Job Safety Analyses,Pre-job task briefings

The Covanta Safety Management and Communication Pyramid

Safety and Health Program ManagementCorporate Safety and Health Intranet Site

Mobile Equipment SafetySafety UpgradesSeatbelt Use

Focus on Leading Indicators Internal Snapshot auditsTracking/Trending Near-Miss eventsJob ObservationsSharing of Best Practices

Modern Energy-from-Waste

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