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John Tukey, Exploratory Data Analysis.
Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information.
Statistical Program: SYSTAT
Tufte Principles of Graphical Excellence
Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data -- a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design.
Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency.
Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space.
Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate.
Graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data.
Johnson & Newport (1989) Critical period effects in second-language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language.
Cognitive Psychology, 21, 60-99.
Pre-Puberty
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Age of Arrival
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
Eng
l ish
Pr o
fi cie
ncy
Post-Puberty
10 20 30 40Age of Arrival
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
Eng
li sh
Pro
f icie
ncy
r=-.87 r=-.16
Johnson & Newport, combined across age groups.
All Subjects
0 10 20 30 40Age of Arrival
150
200
250
300E
nglis
h P
rofic
ien c
y
Johnson & Newport, scaled properly.
All Subjects
0 10 20 30 40Age of Arrival
0
100
200
300E
nglis
h P
rofic
ien c
y
r=-.87 r=-.49