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User Guide for the operations of the Fx-CG20.
Graphic Calculator
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Graphic calculators are complex and powerful tools for the modern teaching of mathematics. This brief guide is intended as a workbook on the key applications and functionality of the Fx-CG20. For more detailed information, the user guide is also available.
Casio’s range of Graphic calculators provide leading technologies with intuitive user-interfaces, providing teachers and students with maths tools which truly develop the understanding and aid better results.
We hope you enjoy working with your CASIO Graphic Calculator.
Your CASIO Educational Team.
email: [email protected]
PREFACE
www.casio.co.uk/education
Preface ............................................................... 2Table of contents ................................................. 3
Device Overview ................................................ 4Keypad ................................................................ 4Applications ......................................................... 5Reset ................................................................... 6Main menu & menu navigator .............................. 7Language setting ................................................. 7Basic settings & commands ................................ 8
RUN-MAT Applications ..................................... 9Simple calculations .............................................. 9Input options ..................................................... 10Calculating with commands ............................... 11Working with variables/ angles ........................... 12Matrices in a natural display ............................... 13Matrix editor ...................................................... 14Calculating with matrices ................................... 15
Numerical Equation Solver ............................. 16
GRAPH- Graphics Application Overview ....... 17Menu ................................................................. 17SETUP .............................................................. 18Graphics window ............................................... 19TRACE .............................................................. 20ZOOM ............................................................... 21V-WIN ................................................................ 22SKETCH ............................................................ 23G-SOLVE ........................................................... 24
Curves ............................................................... 26Functions with parameters ................................. 27Plotting images .................................................. 28Screen capture (internal) .................................... 30
TABLE- Table Values Apply ............................. 31
DYNA- Dynamic Graphics ............................... 32Editor and sub-menus ....................................... 32Display and window settings.............................. 33
STAT- Statistics application ............................ 34Lists and graphical representation ..................... 34Statistical parameters & commands................... 35Commands list .................................................. 35Regression ........................................................ 36Binomial distribution .......................................... 37
Spreadsheet Calculations ............................... 39Text and formula entry ....................................... 39Copy and fill areas ............................................. 40Format cells/ colour ........................................... 41
e.Activity .......................................................... 42Structure and strips ........................................... 42Save .................................................................. 43
LINK- application ............................................. 44Screen capture (BMP for PC) ............................. 44Data transfer- calculator- calculator ................... 45Data transfer- calculator- OHP ........................... 45
CONTENTS
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Device Overview: Keypad
USB connection 3-pin connector cable
Functions button
Cursor
Main Menu
Variableallocation
Power ONPower OFF
Calculate confirm range
Options for commands
and variables
[SHIFT] Button – second assignment
(yellow)
[ALPHA] Button – third assignment
(red)
Variables – Button (red)
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Applications
OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN APPLICATION
Run – MatrixMain application, calculations, numerical differentiation and integration, random numbers, matrix algebra and combinations.
StatisticsStatistics application, data entry and analysis, list functions, graphical and numerical regression.
SpreadsheetsSpreadsheet calculations application.
GraphGraphics application, graphical representation of functions, graphical analysis.
Dynamic GraphDynamic graphics application, dynamic representation of functions with arguments.
EquationNumerical equation solver. solving of equations and equations systems.
Linkcommunication settings. set the cable type and the transmission.
SystemSystem settings. adjust the contrast, language, clearing the memory, initialising.
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The Reset is used to reset the calculator to the factory default settings (initialization) or the Deleting Setup settings, variable eActivities, programs or add-ins.
Often, a reset is required before exams. The following example deletes all data but retains installed additional programs (Add-ins) in memory.
System settings
open the system application.
Select a Reset with *F5*
Reset Menu
Here you will find several options e.g only the Setup settings (default *F5* setting) to place a hold. For initialization with *F6* of the next page access.
Initialization
With *F1* one can now delete the main memory and storage and the device to initialize. Add-ins are maintained.
With *F2* the main memory and mass and all add-ins will be deleted.
Reset
Initialization
• Open system Application • *F5* Reset • *F6* Next Page • *F1* Main memory and mass
This procedure will erase all data – but receives the add-ins.
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Application areas can be opened from the Main menu.
[MENU] Main Menu
With the key [MENU], one can return to the Main menu.
Opening and Closing an application
Use the Cursor keys (^) (<) (>) to the desired application and open the application with [EXE] Alternatively, each application-icon is assigned a number or letter, which will take one directly to the application (without using the [ALPHA] key.) For example, [5] for the Graphics application.
Scroll to the bottom of the main menu to reach other applications.
Leave the application with [MENU]
Language settings
The instructions are in English; there are five languages the language user can choose from, English is preset.
Set language: [MENU] [AB/C] [Settings] [F3] (Sprache) (down) (choose with cursor) [F1] (confirm selection) [EXIT] [MENU]
Control keys
instructions and sub-menus are called using the function keys (F1-F6)
Bright entries: Command is executed. Dark entries: Here are other possible choices.
Navigation in the Main Menu
• Open an application: choose with (^) (<) (>), confirm with [EXE]
• Close and application: [MENU] • Function keys (F1-F6) to the sub-menu options.
Main Menu and Menu Navigation
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In the SETUP, default settings of each application can be changed. Using the keys [OPTN] and [VARS], depending on the application, commands and variables are entered
SETUP
In the SETUP, the basic settings for each application is set: [SHIFT] [MENU] (SETUP)
Important settings in SETUP of RUN-MATRIx- application:
– Square (Angle): degree measure (Deg), Radians (RAD), Grads (Gra)
– Output Mode (display): specify decimal places (Fix), Exponent notation (Sci)
Selection of settings using the Control buttons. Save and Exit the SETUP with [EXIT]
The Option- key [OPTN]
With the Options-key, instructions will appear, e.g. in the RUN-MATRIx-application of the command, RanInt# (a,b) for whole random numbers between a and b or nCr to calculate the Binomial coefficient.
[OPTN] [F6] (>) [F3] (PROB)
The Variables- key [VARS]
With the Variables-key, Variables (from other applications) will appear, e.g. RUN-MATRIx-application: access to the functions of the Graphics application: [VARS] [F4] (GRPH) [F1] (Y)
Basic Settings and Commands
Basic settings and Commands
• SETUP: Basic Settings • The Options-key [OPTN] delivers commands. • The Variables-key [VARS] provides access to system
variables (from other applications)
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RUN-MAT Applications:Simple Calculations
(Simple) calculations are performed in the RUN-MATRIx-application.
Input Mode
The input Mode “Math” (Natural Display) is set in the applications RUN-MATRIx, TABLE, GRAPH, DYNOGRAPH nd EQUATIONS default.
To select the Input Mode, the SETUP of each application is opened: [SHIFT] [MENU] [F1] (Input mode: Math).
Confirm the setting with [EXIT]. The activation of, “natural Displays” is to recognise a rectangular Cursor form.
Simple Calculations in the RUN-MATRIX- application
~ Enter 4x13 and perform the calculation with [EXE], the result is 52.
~ Calculating with fractions: Input: numerator [A B/C] denominator Mixed Fraction: [SHIFT] [A B/C] number (>) Count (>) denominator
~ Convert results: Fraction --> Decimal: [F-> D] Mixed Fraction --> Proper fraction: [SHIFT] [F-> ]
~ Root: [SHIFT] [x^2]
~ Specific Differential: [OPTN] [F4] [F2] Term (>) Differentiation position
~ Specific Integral: [OPTN] [F4] [F4] Term (>) lower bound (>) upper bound (>) [EXE]
~ Logarithm to the base n: [OPTN] [F4] [F6] [F4]
Simple Calculations
• Performing calculations: [EXE] • Calculating with roots, logarithms,
powers of templates etc • Results Display switch: Fraction --> Decimal
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Input Options
Inputs, also in already-running calculations, can be edited and changed.
Inserting and Deleting Entries
To insert: Place the cursor at the position the expression should be inserted. Make entries.
Overwrite: [SHIFT] [DEL]
To Delete: Place the cursor to the right of the expression to be deleted. Delete entries with [DEL] (will be deleted from the left cursor).
To delete rows: Place the cursor to the row to be deleted, [F2] (DEL) [F1] (DEL-L) [F1]
To clear screen: [F2] (DEL) [F2] (DEL-A) [F1]
To Copy
Place the cursor on the row to be copied. Copy-function is called with [SHIFT] [8] (CLIP). Copy by using [F1] (CPY-L). Paste (anywhere) with [SHIFT] [9] (PASTE).
Sequence storage (History) (^) (down) and Ans-function
After a calculation, use the cursors (^)(down) to bounce back to the last calculation.
The most recently calculated result is stored in each case under Ans ([SHIFT] [(-)] and can be accessed for further calculations.
Input Options, Expiration Memory
• To delete entries [DEL] • To clear screen [F2] [F2] [F1] • To Copy [SHIFT] [8] and to insert [SHIFT] [9] (^)(down)
to go to the last entry
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Calculating with commands
Command Structure
Every calculation with a command has a specific structure: Command (Term, Parameter). The number of parameters may vary according to the command. Parameters are seperated with [,]
Example
Calculation of zeros: SolveN ([OPTN] [F4] [F5]): SolveN (Term or Equation [, Variable] [,lower bound] [, upper bound])
The lower and upper bound of the Variable may be omitted. If no variable is specified, an automatic calculation of the Variable x will be made. Up to 10 results are displayed simultaneously.
Number sequence: Seq ([OPTN] [F1] [F5]) Seq (Form1, Variable, Start value, end value, range) The number sequence may be organised into a Variables list, e.g. assigned to List 1.
Binomial Distribution ([OPTN] [F5] [F3] [F5]): BinomialPD (k,n,p) BinomialPD ({k1, k2,...},n,p)
Unit Conversion ([OPTN] [F6] [F1])
Simple Calculations
• Call the commands using the [OPTN]- key. • Perfom each calculation using [EXE] • General Command Structure:
Command (Term, Parameter) • Separate the Parameter using [,]
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Working with Variables/Squares
Since all calculations are numerically performed, the calculations with Variables must be assigned one value.
Assigning Variable values
To assign values to variables, the key [-->] must be used.
Value --> Variable ( letters from A-Z with [ALPHA]- key)
Calculating with Variables
Assigned values from 123 to the Variable A.
Total storage of the sum A+2 of the Variable B.
Indication of the value of the Variable B.
Deleting Variables
Delete a Variable through the assignment from 0.
Or performing a reset: Here, the values of the Variables are set back to 0.
Square:
The Square under the Angle in the SETUP of each application is set: Degree measure (DEG), Radians (RAD), Grads (GRA).
Another possible use for the symbols, e.g. sin30 = 0,5: [OPTN] (>) [F5] (ANGL)
Variables / Squares
• Assign variable values: Value --> Variable • Delete variable valuee: 0 --> Variable • Adjusting squares: SETUP, Angle
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Matrices in a Natural Display
The input mode, “ Natural Display” provides a simple method for calculations with matrices.
Entering Matrices
Access the Matrix template with: [F4] (MATH) [F1] (MAT).
Selection of rows- (m) and number of columns (n) with [F1] to [F3] and input the matrix entries using the Cursors.
The matirx can use the assignment arrow of a matrix variable, e.g. Mat A, is assigned.
Edit the Matrix Entries
The matrix of the variables are assigned, and will be stored in the matrix editor and can be edited.
[F3] (> MAT), Select Matrix, [EXE]
Calculations with Matrices in the Natural Display
Enter a command and the matrix or matrix variable.
Rref-command for Diagonalisation of Matrices
Call the Rref- command: [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F6] (>) [F5] (Rref)
Matrices in Natural Display
• Inputing a Matrix: [F4] [F1] • Storing variables in a Matrix: Matrix --> Mat Variable • Calculator commands before the Matrix / Matrix variable
has been entered.
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Matrix Editor
Matrix editor: Setting the matrix – Types
Select a Matrix with the Cursor buttons (^) (down) and enter the rows- (m) and number of columns- (n), e.g. [3] [EXE] [3] [EXE] [EXE] for a 3 x 3 Matrix.
Inputs
Open the input fields of the Matrix, e.g. Mat A, with [EXE]
Enter the values line by line, confirming each with [EXE]
Row Calculations
By pressing [F1] (R-OP),the menu for row calculations is opened.
Swap: Interchange of rows Scalar multiplication of a specified line Addition of multiples from one row to another. Addition of one row to another.
xRw: Among the points ROW and COL, more rows or column operations can be performed.
Rw+: To add or Delete Rows/Columns [F2] Row (row)/ [F3] COL (column): DEL (Delete); INS (Insert); ADD (add)
Among the points ROW and COL, more rows or column operations can be performed.
To add or delete rows/columns
[F2] Row (row) / [F3} COL (column)
DEL (Delete); INS (Insert); ADD (add)
Matrix Editor
• Creating and editing a Matrix • A maximum of 26 Matrices can be processed.
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Calculations with Matrices
Arithmetic operations on Matrices
By pressing the [OPTN] key and [F2], the arithmetic operations for the matrices will be shown, and can be selected, e.g.:
– Determinant of Matrix A: [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F3] (Det) [F1] (Mat) [ALPHA] [X, Ø, T] (A)
– Transpose a Matrix: Trn
– Unit Matrix: Iden
– Dimension of the Matrix: Dim
– Upper triangular form of the Matrix: Ref
– Diagonalisation of the Matrix: Rref
– Exponentiation, e.g. Squaring the Matrix A: Mat A^2
The most recently calculated result is stored in the Matrix variable Mat Ans.
Calculations with Matrices
• Arithmetic operations for Matrices: [OPTN] [F2] • Recall the last result using Mat Ans
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Numerical Equation Solver
The “Equation”- application is used for the numerical solving of equations. Three types of equations can be solved:
– (Uniquely solvable) Linear Equation systems with 2-5 Unknowns.
– Polynomial equations 2-6 Order.
– General Equations (Solver)
Selecting the Type of Equation
Once the “Equations”- application is opened, a selection bar will appear. Select the Equation type with [F1] - [F3]
Linear Equation system (Simultaneous)
Before values are entered, the numbers of the unknowns must be entered.
The input pattern is displayed at the top of the screen.
Note: The “Equations”- application computes the unique solution, detachable LGS. To determine the over or under certain LGS, the Matrix notation and Rref-command is required. (vgl. S.17)
Polynomial Equations
2-6 Grades from the polynomial equations can be solved. The input pattern is displayed at the top of the screen.
General Equations (solver)
Input an equation (equality sign: [SHIFT] [.]) and enter the
start value for the calculation. Solve the equation by pressing [F6] (SOLVE)
Numerical Equations solver
• Linear Equation system
• Polynomial Equations
• General Equations
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GRAPh- Application overview:Menu
The Graphic application is for the graphical representation of functions and their investigation. It has two main windows: the Graphic editor to enter the function terms, and the Graphic window to show graphs of functions.
In the Graphic editor, up to 20 terms can be entered (Y1-Y20)
Entering Function Terms
Function terms are entered with the help of the Variable- button [X, Ø, T]. Entries are confirmed with [EXE]
Menu of the Graphics Editor
SELECT [F1]: For the Graphic, the displayed function term must be selected. The selection is stored in the deposited black equal sign.
DELETE [F2]: Deletes the Function terms.
TYPE [F3]: Select the Function types, e.g. Equation Y1= ([F1]) Parametric Function Parm ([F3]) Inequality > ([F6])
TOOL [F4]: e.g. Select the line style: Points, lines, etc.
MODIFY [F5]: Direct modification from Parameters in the Graphic view.
DRAW [F6]: Show selected Terms (SEL)
Graphic Application – OVERVIEW
• Enter terms in the Graphics editor- up to 20 functions.
• Represent the functions graph in the graphics window: Select the function term and draw the graphical representation with [F6] (DRAW)
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SETUP/Save Images
SETUP of Graphic Windows
Basic settings for the graphical representation:
Angle: Square set Grid: Show or hide grid Axes: Show or hide coordinate axes Derivative: Display the derivative in the graphics window Dual Screen: Split screen Background: Show wallpaper Simul Graph: Display graphics simultaneously
Save Image
An image can be saved using the [OPTN]-key and [F1] (PICTURE) [F1] (STORE). Stores up to 20 images.
To recall a saved image: [OPTN] [F1] (PICT) [F2] (RCL)
Background image
To recall an image: [OPTN] [F1] (PICTURE) [F2] (RECALL) as the background, e.g. to study the intersections of the two functions.
Graphic Application – SETUP
• Settings of the Graphics window (Angles, Axes, etc): [SHIFT] [MENU]
• Use a saved image as the background • In the application, the “LINK” image transfer must stand as
“on”. Otherwise, the Bitmaps that are created, can be read from the PC (screenshots)
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The Graphics Window
Inside the Graphics window, lies a variety of opportunities to display and also graphically analyse functions. Represent the function graphs of a selected function term using [F6]
TRACE [F1] Follow a term using the Cursor keys See Page 20.
V-WIN [F3] view window Adjusting the display window and axis- scaling. See Page 22.
G-SOLVE [F5] Graphical solution Determine the zeros, extremes and intersections, etc See Page 24.
ZOOM [F2] Increase or decrease the display area for the Graphic. See Page 21.
SKETCH [F4] Drawing of various auxiliary lines, tangents, asymtotes, etc See Page 23.
G-->T [F6] Switch between video and graphics editor window without the function being redrawn.
Graphic Application – GRAPHIC WINDOW
• Tracking Mode [F1] (Trace) • Calculating Zeros, Extrema, etc. • Setting the Graphics Window: [F3] (V-WIN)
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TRACE [F1]
With the TRACE-function (follow), graphs can be “expired”, e.g. for a first overview on a graph. Additionally, you can put special items together into a table of values using the TRACE- function.
TRACE [F1] Select the TRACE-function with the [F1]-button. Now, the graph can be expired using the Cursor- keys (<)(>)
When displaying multiple graphs, Select the Graph with (^) (down) and [EXE]
TRACE with Split Screen (Dual Screen) To document the values at certain points, the Setting split screen is selected: To recall the SETUP press [SHIFT] [MENU]
To select the Dual Screen, “GtoT” (Graph to Table) use [F2]
TRACE: Documented values Navigate the split screen mode with the Cursor keys (<)(>) and confirm the values that should have been added to the value table with [EXE]
The item is included in the value table.
Edit Table Using [OPTN] [F1], the table entries can now be changed, individual or all entries are deleted.
R-DEL Deletes a row. A-DEL Deletes the entire table.
TRACE- To Call
• [F1] TRACE • Navigate with the Cursors (<)(>) • By entering a value, a point can be accessed directly. • A point can be emphasised with [EXE] • Split screen (Dual Screen function) to create a table of values.
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ZOOM [F2]
The points to set the Graphics window are found under the Menu item ZOOM. In addition to the ZOOM- tools (e.g. Box) there are preferences that can be helpful.
BOX [F1]
With this function, an area can be selected and increased: After calling the Box-function, a cross will appear on the screen; Next, the upper right corner is selected using the Cursors and confirmed with [EXE], and then the lower left corner.
AUTO
The AUTO- function ([F5]) tries to represent the entire function and find a meaningful Zoom- setting.
Presets [F6]
Further Zoom tools are called with [F6]. These are automatic tools, e.g.:
ORIGINAL: Original size (The window setting before the Zoom-operation is restored)
PREVIOUS: Previous window setting (The window setting before the last Zoom-operation is produced again.)
SQUARE: Graphic correction (The scaling of the x-axis of the Graphic window is corrected, so that they are identical to the y-axis. Then e.g. a cross appears which is circular.)
ZOOM
• There are Standard tools to Zoom • ORIGINAL: Settings before the Zoom-operation is restored.
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V-WIN [F3]
The Graphic window can be set to varied, in order to optimize the representation of the Graphs. Preferences help to quickly achieve early results.
Preferences [F1] [F2] [F3]
INIT Default setting. The aspect ratios are adapted to the Panel resolution. The graph of a circuit is shown correctly.
TRIG Preference for Trigonometric functions.
STAND- Setting, the x- and Y-Axis have the same scaling (-10/ 10)
Adjusting the Graphics Window
xmin smaller values of the x-axis xmax greater values of the x-axis Scale Distance between two points on the x-axis Dot Grid (The impact e.g. of TRACE, G-SOLV, etc)
Ymin smaller values of the Y-axis Ymax greater values of the Y-axis Scale Distance between two points on the Y-axis Dot Grid
Tip! Means V-MEM ([F4]) and STORE/RECALL can be incurred and settings can be saved and recalled.
V-Window
• INIT, TRIG, STD: Preferences for the Graphic window • Individual settings are possible • Manual settings can be saved
Pre-setting TRIG
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SKETCH [F4]
In the SKETCH-Menu, various utility lines are generated.
Overview of the SKETCH-Menu
Delete sketches: Cls ( Clear Screen) [F1]
Delete guides and calculated content area.
Tangent: Tangent [F2]
[F2] and with the Cursor keys or by entering a value of a point on the curve, confirm with [EXE]. The tangents are drawn on the selected point.
Normal: Norm [F3]
[F3] and with the Cursor keys, or by entering a value of a point on the curve, confirm with [EXE] The normal is drawn on the selected point.
Note: In the, “Derivative on” in the SETUP, the Tangent, or Normal equation is shown.
Inverse Function:
Inverse [F4] Draws the Inverse function
Further Guides [F6] ([F6])
Circle (Circle), Vertical (Vertical), Horizontal (Horz), Text, etc.
SKETCH
• Plot guide lines (e.g. Tangent or Normal) • Delete guide lines with [F1] (Cls ) • By entering a value, a point can be assessed directly.
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G-SOLVE [F5]
Example Determine zero: (evtl.[SHIFT]) [F1] (Root). The numbers are calculated in one screen exploiting the zero dividend. Using the (<)(>) keys, the links will lie further to the right zeros calculated.
Intersection of two graph functions: Select the functions graph in the Graphic editor and let the graph be represented. The point of intersection is calculated with [F5] (ISCT). Possible more points on intersection lie with (<)(>).
The drawn functions graph, are numerically analysed in the G-Solve- function.
Multiple graphs are displayed and selected in the functions graph with the Cursor keys (^) (down) confirm selection with [EXE]
Root [F1] Determining a zero point. More zeros in the current window using (<)(>)
Y-ICPT [F4] (engl. Interseption) Determine the points of intersection with the Y-axis.
INTSECT [F5] (engl. Intersection) Determine the points of intersection of two functions.
Further Functions [F6]Ordinate (Y-CAL), abscissa (x-CAL), land (dx), next page.
Max [F2] Determine the Maximum.
Min [F3] Determine the Minimum.
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Further possible options in the G-SOLVE mode.
Y-CAL [F1]
Y-value calculated (x-value is called and the command is queried.)
X-CAL [F2]
Y-value calculated (x-value is called and the command is queried.)
Integral ∫dx [F3]
Integral calculation:
[F1] Integral: Move the Cursor to the bottom first, then select the upper limit, confirm each of them with [ExE]. Alternatively, a value can be entered directly.
[F2] ROOT: Integral between the zeros
[F3] INTERSECT: Integral between two graphs and their intersections
The result is given as an integral and as a surface.
G-SOLVE
• Area Calculation ∫dx • Displaying land can eb cleared under SKETCH with CLS.
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Curves
With the representation of curves, the influence of parameters are explained in a function.
In the DYNA- application, families of curves can be dynamically represented (see page 32.)
Curves
Should be shown, for example, the function with Parameter K: f(x)= Kx^2 with KЄ{-1,0,5,0,5,1}
Input Syntax: Functions term, [Parameter= value, value,..., value]
Note: It is also possible to enter a list with braces directly as a factor.
{Valu, Value, Value, ...} Functions term.
Graphical representation
Represent the Graph with [F6] The calculation can take a number of little value.
Analyse the Graph
For analysis (TRACE, G-SOLV,...) the graph of the function is selected with the Cursor keys (^) (down).
Curves
• Use a constant (all letters except T) • Specify the range of values of the constants:
e.g. K*K^2, [K=-1,-0.5,0.5,1] • Alternatively, the constant can be directly entered:
e.g. {1,2,3}*x^2
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Functions with Parameters
Functions with Parameters do not necessarily have to work with defined constants, but can modify the graphics window directly.
Modify Parameters
If a function parameter is selected, then the representation of the function is not DRAW, but [F5] MODIFY.
Modify the Parameters and select using the Cursor keys (^) (down)
The parameter “step” determines the step size of the modification. If you would like to analyse the current graph, press [EXIT]
Functions with Parameters
• Instead of using the DRAW key, use the key [F5]- Modify • Select the Parameter with the Cursor keys. • the last function is displayed as a visible “trail”
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Image Plotter – Working with Images
With the “Image Plotter”- application, the images or image sequences can be mathematically analysed. Images and image sequences are located in large numbers on the calculator.
Image plot- application
If you start the ImagePlot application, the last Image used will appear, or a white screen with a coordinate system.
[OPTN] All other commands are displayed on OPTN.
To open a file, select [F1] (FILE) and OPEN
Open Images
If the FILE>>OPEN has been selected, the directory structure of the calculator will be shown.
In the CASIO folder, you will find two folders with image data:
g3b Animates images or image sequences.
g3p Image files
If you have selected an image file, it will open. Now, the coordinate system can be adjusted using the Cursor keys.
Open Images
• Press the Image plotter application [OPTN]. Then more options are available.
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Image Plotter – Analyse Images
Images can now be analysed- Points can be drawn and evaluated.
Points, “Plotting”
If the image is loaded, it allows the coordinate system to be adjusted with the Cursor keys.
[OPTN] For further commands. [F2] Plot
Now, points can be plotted with the Cursor keys and the [EXE]- key. Pay attention to a “clean” sequence of points since the points are automatically written in to a variable list.
End the plot with [EXE]
Regression
When the plot is stopped, press [OPTN] again and go to a further page with [F6]. There one will find REG ([F2])
The menu behaves in the same way as in the statistics.
Analysing Images
• Points in the image can be plotted with PLOT • Use the plotted points for a regression
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Create Screenshots (Internal Use)
In the Image plotter- application, self- created screen shots can also be used.
Store Graphics
The screenshots in the Image plotter- application can be used; the CASIO-Format must be created. The images are saved directly from the application.
For example, press in the Graphic application [OPTN] Then, a screenshot can be created with [F1] (PICTURE)
Invite Pictures
If the FILE>>OPEN has been selected, the directory structure of the calculator can be seen.
In the folder Pict, you will find the saved screenshots. The file name is always, “Pictxx.g3p”.
Now the image can be analysed as usual.
Screenshot settings
• Open the Graphics application [OPTN] then, “PICTURE” to save the image.
• Screenshots are saved in the file, “Pict”
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The Table- Values Application
The TABLE- application is used to create tables of values. The function terms in the Graphic editor are entered into the Value table application (vice versa)
Entries of the Function Terms
The Entry window is similar to the Graphic window, although with different assignments of the function keys.
Under the point TYPE ([F3]) the function type is selected, e.g. Equation Y= ([F1]), Parametric Function Parm ([F3])
Range and Type of Representation
The range of the value tables and the increment is set in SET ([F5]). Confirm entries with [EXE]
Represent Table Values
Represent the value table with [F6] (TABLE). View the individual values using the cursor keys (^)(down).
There is also the possibility to edit the table. Under ROW ([F3]) individual entries can be deleted.
Change the entries with EDIT.
Graph Representation
The points of the value tables are shown with G-CON ([F5]) and with the Graph GPH-PLT ([F6])
Table Values
• Select the Functions type with TYPE ([F3]) • Range and Step size are adjusted with SET ([F5])
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The DYNA- Application
In the DYNA-Application, function graphs can be displayed dynamically. The input window is similar to the Graphics application.
Input
Input the function terms with variables.
For the dynamic representation of function graph, only on function is selected. If necessary, deselect the function with SEL ([F1])
Submenu VAR- Assign Values to Variables
The variable is defined with [F4]
If the function contains several variables, here the dynamic variable is selected. ([F1] SEL)
Submenu VAR- Setting Range
The values of the variables are set with [F2] (SET). Confirm the entry with [EXE]
Submenu VAR- Adjust Speed
The speed of the Animation is set with [F3] (SPEED)
With the settings, “steps” the function graphs with the start value of the Variables is shown. Pass through the values with the Cursor key (>)
Dynamic Graphs
• Define Variable values with VAR ([F4]) • Setting the range of values in the VAR-submenu SET ([F2])
33
In the DYNA- application, similar to the Graphics application, background images can be saved.
Representation
In the overview window (VAR) with [F6] (DYNA), the graph are shown. Since initially all the graphs are calculated, the process may take a little longer than usual.
According to the set speed, the value ranges run for the constant (K). The value is shown at the bottom of the display.
The representation can be aborted with [AC/ON]
Window Setting (V-WIN)
The Graphic window setting is to find in the overview window (VAR) or the entry of the function with [SHIFT] [F3]
Represent Traces
In the SETUP of the DYNA- application, the Parameter, “Locus” and “on” are asked. Thus the traces of the graph are visible.
Dynamic Graphs
• Representation of the Graph using [F6] (DYNA) • V-WIN settings: [SHIFT] [F3] • Locus function to trace the representation
34
STAT- Statistics application
In the Statistics application, Data in lists can be entered and (graphically) evaluated. A description of the columns is possible.
Example: a Transcript of class work
Note (Feature) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number (Expression) 3 5 9 8 4 1
Enter the Data into the list: end each entry with [EXE] In the cell SUB, the list with a name can be provided.
Graphical representation of Step 1: Example of Histogram
For a graphical representation of Data, [F1] (GRAPH) is selected. It can show up to three graphs (StatGraph1, 2 and 3) simultaneously. The Graphic is set with [F6] (SET):
Stat Graph1 Graph Type: Hist [F6] [F1] xlist: List of features (noted from 1-6) Frequency: Frequency list for the values in xlist:
Data is selected with [F2] [2][EXE]
Graphical representation of Script 2: Example of Histogram
Select the statistical graph with [F4] (SELECT), [F1] should be displayed. Represent the graph with [F4] (SELECT) and subsequently, [F6] (DRAW)
A new window will automatically open: Histogram settings Start: Enter value to be drawn from (here 0) Width: Width of the bars (here 1)
The TRACE-function- [SHIFT] [F1] recalls and controls the Histogram with the Cursors. Below, the corresponding values are displayed.
Return to the Statistics editor with [EXE]
Statisitcs Application
• Enter Data in Lists • Show up to three graphs simultaneously • Graphcical Representation: for instance, Histogram,
Pie and Bar Chart
35
Evaluation of the Histograms
The statistical parameters and for instance, the mean (x- ), the sum of the squares of data (∑x2) or the standard deviation (σx) are shown using [F1] (1-VAR)
Instructions for editing Lists
For processing lists, various commands in the statistics application as well as in the RUN-MAT application are available:
[OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F6] (>)
Min (Minimum), Max (Maximum), Mean (Mean), Med (Median)
[F6] (>)
Sum (Sum), Cuml (Cumulative frequency), etc.
Statisitcs Application
• Analysis of statistical parameters of a graph (one dimensional); 1-VAR
• Recalling commands list: [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F6] (>)
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Regression
With the given or calculated data, it is possible to create the Regression and determine the function terms.
Note (Feature) 0.5 1 1.5 2
Number (Expression) 1,58 3,26 4,84 6,38
Regression
Data is given in the list. It is useful, for graphically representing the data of the regression, e.g. a Scatter graph (vgl. Graphical representation in the Statistics application S.30)
With CALC [F1] the Regression type can be selected. For this example, the linear regression is selected with [F1] (x)
Note: From the List editor, one can be directed to the Settings window for regression with [F2] (CALC) (without graphical representation!) Under SET ([F6]) some settings are made: 1Var xlist / 2Var xlist: x-value of a one or two dimensional
sample.
1Var Freq / 2Var Freq: Frequency values of a one- or data pairs of a two dimensional sample.
2Var Ylist: Frequency values of a two dimentional sample. The entries are confirmed with [EXE]
With REG ([F3]) the different regression types can be changed.
Saving the Term
The result can be saved in one of the 20 function memories with [F5] (COPY), so that it can be used in other applications (Graphic, RUN-MAT, etc). Select a free space and confirm with [EXE]
Graphing the Regression
The regression is shown graphically with [F6] (DRAW)
Regression
• Regression types: x (Linear), x^2 (Quadratic), Exp (Exponential), etc.
• Save the Regression function.
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Binomial Distribution
Example: Simulation of a cube experiment
Calculate the probability that at the 30th dice roll: a) 5-times b) x-times a 6 is rolled.
Assistant to Calculate the Binomial Distribution
In the Statistics- application, the assistant to calculate the Binomial Distribution is located by pressing: [F5] (DIST) [F5] (BINM) (DIST, engl. Distribution- Distribution) The command Bpd is calculated, P(x), Bcd is calculated, P(0)+P(1)+...+P(x) Note: Normal Distribution is located with [F5] (DIST) [F1] (NORM)
Proposed Solution for a x=5 (number of successes)’ N=30 (number of trials) p=1/6 (Probability of success)
The command Bpd is selected with [F1] and values are entered. Each entry is confirmed with [ExE] and the calculation is performed.
Note: The number of successes can be selected from the
function keys as a Variable or a List. The result can be saved under, “Save Res” (save results) in a list.
Pressing [EXE] will direct one back to the Entry window, and by pressing [EXE] [EXE] one will return to the List editor of the Statistics application.
Alternative Solution proposed in the RUN-MAT application The direct entry and calculation in the RUN-MAT application is also available: [OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F3] (DIST) [F5] (BINM) [F1] (Bpd)
Near the Binomial Distribution, lies the instructions for the Normal Distribution, as well as geometrics and hypergeometric equations that are available.
Binomial Distribution
• Binomial Distribution instructions in the Statistics application: [F5] (DIST) [F5] (BINM)
• Bpd calculation P(x)
• Bcd calculation of the summed probabilities P(0)+P(1)+...+P(x)
• RUN-MAT application: [OPTN] [F5] [F3] (DIST) [F5] (BINM)
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Binomial Distribution
Example: Simulation of a cube experiment
Calculate the probability that at the 30th dice roll: a) 5-times b) x-times a 6 is rolled.
Proposed Solution for b)
x={1,2,...30} (Number of rolls); N=30 (Number of trials)’ p=1/6 (probability of success)
The list of number of rolls is hit with the seq-command (follow Command) to create a list in List 1. From there the cursor is on “List 1” and then enter the result: [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F5] (Seq)
Syntax: Seq (Formula, Variable, Start value, End value, range)
Select the command Bpd with [F5] (DIST) [F5] (BINM) [F1] (before you return with [EXIT]) and enter the values. Confirm the input with [EXE]. Store the results under “Save Res”, e.g. indicate List2. Run the calculation with [EXE]
Return to the Statistics window with [EXIT] [EXIT]
Graphical Representation
The results can be observed graphically, e.g. as xy-Polygon is shown (vgl. S.30)
Note: The Binomial Distribution can also be shown in the Graphics- application.
Binomial Distribution
• Binomial Distribution Command in the Statistics application: [F5] (DIST) [F5] (BINM)
• Bcd calculated the summed probabilities P(0) + P(1)+...+P(x)
39
The Spreadsheet
The Main Window
Using the Spreadsheet, a FILE can be created (NEW), opened (OPEN) or saved (SAVE-AS).
In the cells, values, test or formulae can be entered. Cell contents can be copied and pasted into another cell, e.g. for further calculations.
Entering Text and Formulae
The text entries are started using the quotation marks, e.g. “number ([ALPHA] [EXP])
The formula entries (in this case with reference cell) are started with an equal sign, e.g. =A3xB2
With [F1] call references can be tapped: and select the cells using the Cursors and [F1], confirm selection with [EXE]
Note: Absolute cell references, as in the conventional PBx, are made with the help of the $- sign.
Change, Delete
Change a formula using [F2] (EDIT) [F3] (CELL) Delete cell contents using [F5] (CLR)
Removal of cells: mark the column or row and delete with [F3] (DEL). Not the entire row or cell is selected: [F3] (DEL) and subsequently press [F1] (ROW) to delete the cells, in which the cursor is located or [F2] (COL) to delete the column.
Spreadsheet
• Text entry always begins with quotation marks • Formula entry always begines with an equal sign • Change and delete with EDIT.
40
The Spreadsheets
SETUP
When a formula contains an error, there will be an error message next to the re-calculations. The automatic re-calculation can be turned off in the SETUP with Auto Calc: Off
In order for more decimal places to be shown, one must set “Value” under Show Cell in the SETUP.
Copy and Fill Areas
Copy cell contents with [F2] (EDIT) [F2] (COPY); insert into
any other cell with [F1] (PASTE). To insert a formula into a cell range: [F2] (EDIT) [F6] (>) [F1]
Enter a sequence of numbers, e.g. from 1-50 into a cell range with [F2] (EDIT) [F5] (SEQ)
Graphic and Regression
To direct one to the Graphics plotting and Regression, start from the main window, with [F6] (Next page). Set the graphs as shown in the Statistics application.
Spreadsheet
• To prevent the automatic re-calculations of the worksheets: SETUP
• Copy and Paste on EDIT • EDIT: Fill cell areas with FILL • EDIT: Enter results with SEQ.
41
The Spreadsheets
New possibilities are given in the spreadsheet with the new colour display. Cells, values and also the graphs can be tinted.
Settings-FORMAT
Standard is the monochrome display of values and graphs. Select the cell that you would like to colour, then press:
[SHIFT] [5]- Format Now, you can change the “character colour.”
If the “Link-Colour” is enable in the Graph settings, the colour of the graph will take the corresponding colour of the cell.
( [F1] GRAPH > [F6] SET)
Spreadsheet
• [SHIFT] [5] (FORMAT) -- to format the cells. • “Link-Colour” must be activated in the Graphics settings.
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The eActivity application
Interactive worksheets can be created from the eActivity application. Different work areas can be linked and extensive tasks can be documented in the eActivity application.
The main window
First, an eActivity- data file is created and a name is provided: [F2] (NEW), enter the name using [EXE] and confirm. The data file can be subsequently edited.
Structure of eActivity
There are three essential components of eActivity:
~ Lines of Text ~ Calculation Rows ~ Strips ( access to applications)
You can switch between Text and Calculation row using [F3]
Strips
Strips are shortcuts to applications. By pressing [F2] (STRP) an options menu opens, from which the desired application window can be located.
In the Strip (application), the available functions and corresponding available applications are shown.
Spreadsheet
• eActivity: Interactive worksheets • Components of eActivity: Text lines, Computer rows, Strips.
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The eActivity application
To provide Strip with Title
After inserting an application strips, these can be provided with a Title.
To open the application (Strips): press [EXE] using [SHIFT] [-->] the application (the Strip) will be closed.
Settings that were made in the application remain received.
Saving an eActivity- Data file
Instructions for the Data operations will be opened by pressing [F1] (FILE). The entries will be saved with SAVE.
Transfer to the PC
The CASIO Fx-CG20 functions as USB-mass storage. When you connect the Fx-CG20 to the PC via the USB, the contents of the calculator will show as a drive. Here you have access to all Data and images, that were saved onto the calculator.
eActivity application
• Settings are retained in the strip. • Return to the Strips using [SHIFT] [-->] • The Variables are only assigned only within the occupied
eActivity. The Variables and functions remain unchanged from the computing environment.
44
Screenshots/Creating Bitmaps (PC use)
As the CASIO fx-CG20 can work as a USB- mass storage, images can be Drag&Dropped to transfer to a PC.
Default settings- LINK application
In the Link- application, the Image-transfer must be activated. In the Link- application:
[F6] CAPTURE [F2] BMP
Now, you can create screenshots out of any application with:
[SHIFT] [7] CAPTURE
The BMP files are found on the computer in the Directory, “Capt”
Producing Bitmaps
• In the LINK- application, the Image transfer must be activated (BMP)
• [SHIFT] [7] (CAPTURE) to create an image.
• Data is available in the “capt” file on the computer.
45
Data Transfer- Computer to Computer
Programmes, eActivities, Add-Ins, etc. can be transferred from computer to computer.
Data transfer- computer to computer
Connect two computers with 3Pin-cable.
Open Link-application: set cable type to 3Pin-cable.
Devices set as follows:
Complete process for both devices with [AC/ON]
Data transfer- computer to OHP
Connect the calculater with the Over-Head Projector using the USB-cable, then an options menu will automatically appear.
Press [F4] to select the Projector/OHP as the output medium.
Data Transfer
• For data transfer, the LINK-application is used. • Connect the computer with the 3Pin- cable.
Transmitter
~ [F1] (Transmit) ~ [F1] or [F2] (select location) ~ [F1] (Select) ~ select Program, eActivity etc with (down) and [F1] ~ [F6] (Transmit) ~ [F1] (YES) Receiver
Receiver
~ [F2] (Receive) ~ enter password, “casio”
46
Description Command Syntax Function SequenceAbsolute value of the number x. Abs x [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F4] (NUM) [F1]
Number of items in list x Dim List x [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F3]
Binomial coefficient Number nCr Number [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F3]
The determinant of Matrix x Det Matrix x [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F3]
Diagonalize Matrix x Rref Matrix x [OPTN] [F4] (MAT) [F8] ( t ) [F5]
Differential d/dx (Term, Differentiation position) [OPTN] [F4] (CALC) [F2]
Dimensions of Matrix x Dim Matrix x [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F8] ( t ) [F4]
Triangular shape of the Matrix x Ref Matrix x [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F8] ( t ) [F4]
Unit matrix: Creating a K x k identity matrix
Iden K [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F8] ( t ) [F1]
Factorials x ! [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F1]
Activate function term Y (e.g. Y1 or Y2) [VARS] [F4] (GRPH) [F1]
Solve equation Solve (equation, initial value)SolveN (equation[, Variable])
[OPTN] [F4] (CALC) [F1]
Greatest common divisor (GCD) of the whole numbers, A and B
GCD (A, B) [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F4] (NUM) [F8]( t ) [F2]
Hyperbolic functions, e.g. sin Sinh [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F2] (HYP) [F1]
Integer (part of number x) Intx [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F4] (NUM)
Integral ∫dx, (Term, lower bound, upper bound) [OPTN] [F4] (CALC) [F4]
Lowest common multiple (LCM) of the whole integers A and B
LCM (A, B) [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F4] (NUM)[F8] ( t ) [F3]
Create List x { Value, Value,…,Value} List x [ ]
Accumulate list entries: Generate list from the partial sums of the list x
Cum1 List x [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F8] ( t )[F8] ( t ) [F3]
Create Matrix and assign matrix variables x
[…]- Mat x [F4] (MATH) [F1] (MAT)
Median of the elements from List x Med (List x) [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F8] ( t ) [F4]
Mean of the elements from List x Mean (List x) [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F8] ( t ) [F4]
Zero Charge Solve (Term[, initial value])SolveN (Term[, Variable])
[OPTN] [F4] (CALC) [F1]
Permutation Number nPr Number [OPTN] [F8] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F2]
Raising a matrix, e.g. square Matrix x^2 [^]
Overview of Selected Commands
Commands and functions, that are not found on the first, second or third assignment of keys, are called using the [OPTN] button.
Note: Command input using [ALPHA] and letters will lead to an error message!
47
Description Command Syntax Button SequenceRound the number x. Rnd x [OPTN] [F6] ( t ) [F4] (NUM) [F4]
Standard deviation of the elements of list N with the frequency list M. The default value for M is 1.
Std Dev (List N[, List M]) [OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F4]
Sum of the elements from list x. Sum List x [OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F6] ( t ) [F6] ( t ) [F1]
Transpose of the Matrix x. Trn Matrix x [OPTN] [F2] (MAT) [F4]
Variance of the elements from list N with the frequency M (default value for M is 1)
Variance (List N[, List M]) [OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F5]
Distribution (STAT- application) e.g. Binomial Distribution.
Bpd, Bcd, invB [STAT] [F5] (DIST)
Distribution, Binomial (k: real numbers or lists; n: number of trials; p: Probability of success; P: Binomial probability.)
BinomialPD (k,n,p)BinomialCD (k,n,p)InvBinomialCD (p,n,P)
[OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F3] (DIST) [F5]
Distribution, geometrics (x: real numbers or lists; n: probability of success; P: geometric probability.)
GeoPD (x,p)GeoCD (x,p)InvGeoCD (P,p)
[OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F3] (DIST) [F6] ( t ) [F2]
Distribution, hyper-geometrics (x: real numbers of lists; n: number of elements in a population; M: number of possible successes; P: hyper-geometric W.)
HypergeoPD (x,n,M,N)HypergeoCD (x,n,N,M)InvHypergeoCD (P,n,M,N)
[OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F3] (DIST) [F6] ( t ) [F3]
Distribution, Normal- (x: positive whole number, σ: Variance; μ: Standard Deviation); the default value for σ,μ is 1.
NormPD (x, σ,μ)NormCD (lower bound, upper bound, σ,μ)InvNormCD (area, σ,μ)
[OPTN] [F5] (STAT) [F3] (DIST) [F1]
Generate number sequence. Seq (Term, Variable, Initial value, end value, range)
[OPTN] [F1] (LIST) [F5]
Random integer between 1 & 2. RanIn# (a,b) [OPTN] [F6] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F4](RAND) [F2]
Random number between 0 & 1. Ran# [OPTN] [F6] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F4](RAND) [F1]
Random number from the Binomial Distribution.
RanBin# (n,p [, number of trials]) [OPTN] [F6] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F4](RAND) [F4]
Random number from the Normal Distribution.
RanNorm# (σ,μ[, number of trials]) [OPTN] [F6] ( t ) [F3] (PROB) [F4](RAND) [F3]
48
Notes
49
Notes
50
Index
History Memory ......................................................... 10 Absolute references (TK- application) ......................... 39 ALPHA- Button ............................................................ 4 Applications ................................................................. 5 ANS .......................................................................... 10 ANGL (RUN- MATRIx application) .......................... 8, 12 ANGL (Graphics application) ...................................... 18 AUTO (ZOOM/ Graphics application) ......................... 21 Axes (Graphics application) ........................................ 18
Command structure .................................................. 11 Save Image (Graphics application) ............................. 18 Clear Screen ............................................................. 10 Plot Image ................................................................. 28 Binomial Coefficient ..................................................... 8 Binomial Distribution .................................................. 37 Radians ..................................................................... 12 BOx (ZOOM/ Graphics application) .......................... 21 Fraction ....................................................................... 9
Copy & Paste ............................................................ 10 Cursor ......................................................................... 4
Data Transfer ............................................................. 45 Derivative (Graphics Window) .................................... 18 Determinant ............................................................... 15 Decimal ....................................................................... 9 Diagonalisation of Matrices ........................................ 15 Differential .................................................................... 9 Dimension of a Matrix ................................................ 15 Draw (Graphics application) ....................................... 17 Third Key assignments ................................................ 4 Dual Screen (Graphics application) ............................ 20 Dynamic Graphic ....................................................... 32
Paste ......................................................................... 10 Input- Mode ................................................................ 9 Inputs change/delete ................................................. 10 e. Activity ................................................................... 42 ExIT- Button ................................................................ 4 ExE- Button ................................................................ 4
Faculty ...................................................................... 46 FILL (TK- application) ................................................. 40 Area Calculation .................................................... 9, 25 Frequency ................................................................. 34 Function Keys .............................................................. 7 Function Variable Y ...................................................... 8 Functions with Patameters ........................................ 27
G-SOLVE (Graphics application) ................................ 24 Split Screen ............................................................... 20 Solver application ...................................................... 16 Equation systems ...................................................... 16 GMEM (Graphics application) .................................... 17 Graphics application .................................................. 17 Graphics Window ...................................................... 19 Grid (Graphics application) ........................................ 18 GRAB (TK application) ............................................... 39 Degree measure ........................................................ 12
Main Menu .................................................................. 7 Wallpaper (Graphics application) ................................ 18 Histogram (statistics application) ............................... 34
Initialization .................................................................. 6 Input Mode .................................................................. 9 INIT (V-WIN/ Graphics application) ............................. 22 Integral .................................................................. 9, 25
Performance characteristics (stats app) ..................... 35 Copy ......................................................................... 10 Curves ....................................................................... 26
Linear Equations system ............................................ 16 Lists .......................................................................... 34 Locus (Dynamic application) ..................................... 33 Logarithm .................................................................... 9
Math- Mode ................................................................ 9 Matrices in a natural Display ...................................... 13 Matrices instructions .................................................. 15 Matrices editor ........................................................... 14 Maximum ( Graphics application) ............................... 24
51
Index
Median ...................................................................... 35 MENU ......................................................................... 7 Minimum ( Graphics application) ................................ 24 Average .................................................................... 35 Modify ....................................................................... 27
Natural Display ............................................................ 9 Normal (Graphics application) .................................... 23 Normal Distribution .................................................... 47 Zero/ set to Zero (Graphics application) ..................... 24 Numerical Equation solver ......................................... 16
OPTN- Button ............................................................. 8 ORIG (ZOOM/ Graphics application) .......................... 21
Parametee ..................................................... 11, 26, 27 Picture (Graphic application) ..................................... 18 PRE (ZOOM/ Graphic application) ............................ 21 Presets (ZOOM/ Graphic application) ........................ 21 Polynomial Equations ................................................ 16 Raising a Matrix ......................................................... 15
Ran# ......................................................................... 47 Ref-/rref- .................................................................. 15 Command Regression ............................................... 36 Relative References (TK- application) ......................... 39 Reset ........................................................................... 6 Root/ set to Zero (Graphic application) ...................... 24
Intersection (Graphic application) ............................... 24 Screenshots (Internal) ................................................ 30 Screenshots (PC use) ............................................... 44 Setup (RUN-MATRIx- application) ................................ 8 Setup (Graphic application) ........................................ 18 Setup (TK application) ................................................ 40 Seq- Command ......................................................... 11 SKETCH .................................................................... 23 Delete Sketch ............................................................ 23 SHIFT- Button .............................................................. 4 SOLVE ....................................................................... 11 Clear Memory .............................................................. 6
Language Setting ........................................................ 7 SQR (ZOOM/ Graphic application) ............................. 21 Traces (DYNA application) ......................................... 29 Statistics application .................................................. 34 STD (V-WIN/ Graphic application) .............................. 22 Strips (e-Activity) ........................................................ 42 STYL (Graphic application) ........................................ 17
TABLE (Value Table application) ................................. 27 Spreadsheets ............................................................ 39 Keypad ........................................................................ 4 Tangent (Graphic application) ..................................... 23 Trace ......................................................................... 20 TRIG (Graphic application) ......................................... 22 TYPE (Graphic application) ........................................ 17
Inverse Function (graphics application)....................... 23
Variables (delete) ........................................................ 12 VARS- Button .............................................................. 4 Pursuit- Mode (TRACE) ............................................. 20 V-WIN (Graphic application) ....................................... 22 Default Settings (Graphic Window) ............................. 22
Angle Measures ......................................................... 12 Table Values application ............................................. 30
x,Є T-Button ................................................................. 4 x-CAL (G-SOLVE/ Graphics application) .................... 25 Y-CAL (G-SOLVE/ Graphics application) .................... 25
Y-CAL (G-SOLVE/ Graphic application) ...................... 25
Number Sequence (seq- command) .......................... 47 Forms of level lines e. Matrix ...................................... 15 ZOOM (Graphics application) ..................................... 21 Random Number ....................................................... 47 Second assignment of Keys ........................................ 4
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