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Dr Grant Bickerton August, 2015

Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

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Page 1: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Dr Grant BickertonAugust, 2015

Page 2: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Session GoalsP What are the processes that lead to experiences of Burnout and Engagement at work?

P Discuss the mix of demands you experience in your workcontext.

P Consider the work characteristics and personal attributes thatmay  act as motivational resources.

P Identify behaviours that manage felt stress from demands, promote increased engagement at work, and prevent orintervene  where burnout emerges.  

Page 3: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

The Job Demands‐Resources Model

Motivational process

Health impairment process

Ministry‐Job Resources

Engagement

 Vigour

‐ Dedication

‐ Absorption

Negative work Performance Indicators

Positive work Performance Indicators

Burnout‐ Exhaustion‐ Cynicism‐ Low personal accomplishment

Ministry‐Job Demands

Personal Resources

Page 4: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

The Job Demands‐Resources Model

Motivational process

Health impairment process

Negative work Performance Indicators

Positive work Performance Indicators

Burnout‐ Exhaustion‐ Cynicism‐ Low personal accomplishment

Personal Resources

Engagement

 Vigour

‐ Dedication

‐ Absorption

Ministry‐Job Resources

Ministry‐Job Demands

Page 5: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

The Job Demands‐Resources Model

Motivational process

Health impairment process

Engagement

 Vigour

‐ Dedication

‐ Absorption

Negative work Performance Indicators

Positive work Performance Indicators

Burnout‐ Exhaustion‐ Cynicism‐ Low personal accomplishment

Personal Resources

Never be lacking in zeal, but keeping your spiritual fervour serving the Lord               (Rm. 12:11)

Ministry‐Job Resources

Ministry‐Job Demands

Page 6: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Job Demands and the Helath Impairment Process

Health impairment process

•   Work load and type•   Control and Ambiguity•   Expectations •   Interpersonal conflicts•   Values/vision mismatch with team

C  Emotional ExhaustionC  Depersonalisation /C    CynicismC  Lack of personal 

accomplishment

C  DepressionC  AnxietyC  Low personal initiativeC  Intention to leave

Negative work Performance Indicators

BurnoutMinistry‐Job Demands

Page 7: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Workload and Time DemandsP Workload without recoveryP Work‐type mismatchP Always more to be doneP Not enough time to do all that needs to be done

Page 8: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands of Work‐Home interference or blurred family boundariesP Ambiguous separation between professional and private lives

P Can be overly visible – mixing with those we serve socially as well as pastorally thereby playing the professional role even during free time

Page 9: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Control, Role conflict and Ambiguity

P Where individuals have insufficient control over the resources needed to dotheir  work, or haveinsufficient  authority topursue the work  in whatthey believe is the  mosteffective manner

Page 10: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands of High Expectations

P Expectations of personal perfection – Sole (as well as soul) Saviour!

P Expectations of marital and family perfectionP Expectations coming from:

• Self• Congregation• “God”

P Results in a lack of self‐care and limit setting

Page 11: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

The variety of tasks and skill‐set requiredP Educator ‐ training, instructing and leading study groupsP Social reformer – engaging injustice and inequalityP Evangelist ‐ converting others to faithP Organiser and visionary ‐ organising and supervising the work of others

P Pastor – visiting and counsellingP Preacher ‐ delivering sermons, expounding the WordP Scholar ‐ reading, studying, teaching and writing

Page 12: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Interpersonal Conflict and values mismatches

P Conflicts with and between team membersP Conflicts in values and emphases in ministry

Page 13: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Isolation

P Constriction of relationships to ministry/ always being in the ministry role.

Page 14: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Changes in Society

P Changes in society meaning that the role that one has beentrained  for may not fit the requirements, desires and needs ofthe  community with and in which one seeks to minister.

Page 15: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Financial Demands and effort‐reward imbalance

P The results of various studies have shown that insufficient reward (whether financial, institutional, or social) increases people's vulnerability to burnout

Page 16: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Fairness

P Decisions at workare  perceived asbeing  unfair andinequitable

Page 17: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

What job demands do you face?

0Negative work Performance Indicators

Burnout‐ Exhaustion‐ Cynicism‐ Low personal accomplishment

Ministry‐Job Demands

What are some of the job demands you consider significant in your role?  Which job demands would you consider challenges?Which job demands would you consider hindrances?

What are some of the job demands you consider significant in your role?  Which job demands would you consider challenges?Which job demands would you consider hindrances?

What are some of the ministry‐job demands you consider significant in your role?   Which ministry‐ job demands would you consider challenges? Which ministry‐job demands would you consider hindrances?

Page 18: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Job and Personal Resources and the Motivational Process

• Autonomy in role• Performance feedback• Supervisory coaching• Peer support• Development opportunities• Value fit with the role and team

Page 19: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Job and Personal Resources and the Motivational Process

• Autonomy in role• Performance feedback• Supervisory coaching• Peer support• Development opportunities• Value fit with the role and team

•  Coping (effective!) style•  Self‐efficacy•  Optimism•  Extraversion•  Conscientiousness

Page 20: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Job and Personal Resources and the Motivational Process

• Secure Attachment to God• Collaborative religious Coping• Sense of “Call”

Page 21: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

“Attachment” to God

Model of Self: Anxiety about Abandonment

+ ‐

Model of Other: Avoidance of 

Intimacy+

Secure (Positive Other and Positive Self) 

Preoccupied (Positive Other and Negative Self)

‐Dismissive (Negative Other and Positive Self)

Fearful (Negative Other and Negative Self)

Page 22: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Collaborative Religious Coping

Three broad styles of religious coping behaviors:  Deferral Self DirectedCollaborative ‐ the decisionby the individual to share responsibility with God for solving the problem

WITH GOD

Page 23: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

A sense of “Call”

Vague and diverse definitions in literature, yet yielding consistency in patterns of significant results.

The sense of :

“this is what I am meant to do”.

Page 24: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Motivational process

Health impairment process

Job Resources Engagement

Negative work Performance Indicators

Positive work Performance Indicators

BurnoutJob Demands

Spiritual Resources

‐ ‐

+ +

Page 25: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

What are your relevant resources?

Engagement

 Vigour

‐ Dedication

‐ Absorption

Positive work Performance Indicators

Personal Resources

Ministry‐Job Resources

Page 26: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

“..keeping you SPIRITUAL fervour..”

Spiritual Resources

Higher Work  

Engagement

Higher Job 

Resources

Lower Spiritual Resources

Lower  Work  

Engagement

Page 27: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands and Resources Interact

Job Resources

Engagement

Negative Outcomes

Positive Outcomes

BurnoutJob Demands

Personal Resources

Page 28: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands and Resources Interact

Resources High

Average motivation but plateau in role with potential boredom.

Highly motivating and stimulating, but need to detach from work to 

recover energy.

Low

Under‐stimulated in role with definite 

boredom – becomes “just a job” at best.

Burnout in role.

Low High

Demands

Page 29: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands and Resources Interact

Resources High

Average motivation but plateau in role with potential boredom.

Highly motivating and stimulating, but need to detach from work to 

recover energy.

Low

Under‐stimulated in role with definite 

boredom – becomes “just a job” at best.

Burnout in role.

Low High

Demands

Page 30: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands and Resources Interact

Resources High

Average motivation but plateau in role with potential boredom.

Highly motivating and stimulating, but need to detach from work to 

recover energy.

Low

Under‐stimulated in role with definite 

boredom – becomes “just a job” at best.

Burnout in role.

Low High

Demands

Page 31: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Demands and Resources Interact

Resources High

Average motivation but plateau in role with potential boredom.

Highly motivating and stimulating, but need to detach from work to 

recover energy.

Low

Under‐stimulated in role with definite 

boredom – becomes “just a job” at best.

Burnout in role.

Low High

Demands

Page 32: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Three essentials for promoting well‐being in ministry

• Identify and focus on the right job demands (i.e., challenge job demands);

• Manage job demands by taking appropriate recovery to avoid chronic energy depletion; and 

• Constantly replenish the resources to meet those right demands – particularly spiritual resources.

Page 33: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

5 Fingers for Balance

Diet

ExerciseRelaxation

Good sleep

Thinking patterns

Page 34: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Attachment to God

Model of Self: Anxiety about Abandonment

+ -

Model of Other:

Avoidance of Intimacy

+Secure (Positive Other and Positive Self)

Preoccupied (Positive Other and Negative Self)

-Dismissive (Negative Other and Positive Self)

Fearful (Negative Other and Negative Self)

Page 35: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Session “take homes”

My Ministry‐Work Environment<  My key Ministry‐Job Demands are:<   <  My key Ministry‐job Resources are:<   <  Insights to aid in managing demands and accessing available resources:

<  <  Behaviour change I can enact to manage the stress process related to the above job demands, and draw on the job resources available:

 

Simple plan to enact Who will I be accountable to

Key personal resources I can develop are:

Key spiritual resources to develop are:

Page 36: Grant Bickerton - Ministry Formation · SlideShow1 Author: Jack De Vries Created Date: 4/10/2016 8:32:19 AM

Conclusion and Application

Motivational process

Engagement

 Vigour

‐ Dedication

‐ Absorption

Negative work Performance Indicators

Positive work Performance Indicators

Burnout‐ Exhaustion‐ Cynicism‐ Low personal accomplishment

Ministry‐Job Demands

Ministry‐Job Resources

Personal/Spiritual Resources