Grand Urban Rules_1

8/7/2019 Grand Urban Rules_1

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r .~1 General Declarations, Motive

AbbreviationParagraph

I :RuleCategory

i~,i

-x

Mot.ivat.ionoAesthetic Regimes: public beauty, visual appearance( Hygiene: separation of incompatible uses, programme, land useG Contextual Regimes: issues depending on the Immediate context and Its

preservation, economic and social regimes, traditions, etc.G Rights of Light: enough light and air for everybodyG View Management: preservation of Important views of the city( Managing Sulk: baste stipulations regarding the object's form and bulk

The Kind of RuleAbsolute: fixed limit G!]!!l Relative: reference, ratio, dependency

Zone related D.Not zone relatedMin Max

Domain Density and Distribution Regulator10 Programmatic Regulation Form Regulator'Ilt HeightQ, Style

Provenienc,eThe individual rules are supplemented bya set of planswhich, If need be, specify the areas of effectiveness ofindividual rules geographically within the territory ofthe cfty.

~.II~).o0tt 0, ProvenienceTitle RuleDescriptive explanation. [reference(sl)

12

.

Ga I1 t 1& 1) flt 0, GeneralCommon Law of Nuisance CLN1.01The Individual shall comport himself in such iii way that h is act ions donotrepresent a nuisance to others. [p.78)

no nuisance

Adam Smith IH1.02Invisible Hand

In pursuing his own objectives, each Individual sha li InSome way contributeautomatically to the common wellare. IP.78)

eII0 0 tt 0, Supreme Court Decision, USAR'ghts to Beauty RTB1.03In casas wherein 1.01.and1.02 do not apply, the oity (administration) has therlght to define the public Interest and subject it to police powers. This interestInclUdes aesthetic desiderata. [p.nz]


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1 General Declsratiorls,. Motive1 General DeclarSliOrlS. Motive

PPI1.04G III Q \ 0 .. tit 01' GeneralPublic & Private InterestsPub li c i nt er es l' s a re alwa ys deri ve d f rom p ri va te ones . Tr us doe s not mean.h owever . t hat th e pub li c I nt er es t c anno t b e opposed t o pnvat e one . a nd cannotconst ra in them. [p.B1 ,1

o ~o'f.liI 0o

RC1,.05Gill QGtt ti t Gi Chi cago / New Yo rk IGeneralRevision CyclesThese o ff ic ia ll y p ro cl aimed ru le s a re comp lement ed b y a ser ie s o f u nw ri tt en s cc la la nd e concmi c norms . These a re al so b in di ng l or t he c it y" The deg ree o f f or ce o fs uch unw ri tt en norms changes w it h t rme . ' Fo r t hi s r ea son, t he r ul e" a dopt ed here inmust a lso be sub ject to mod if icat ion. Fur thermore . such chang ,as in regulat ioncon tr ibute to a ,desi red morpholog ical d ivorsi ty , [p.go , n2, fi9,105i

FAC1.06G m Q ' * . . (f Gi Fried rich A. HayekFreedom & Coercion'Freedom is the absence o f coerc ion, [p.641

x ~coercion ""freedom

1415

Gill 'Q \0 tt (f Gi Hugh FerrissProximity Coercion PC1.07Proxtrmty elevates coercion" Ip.146, 246, 249, 2511

eiiiG ' 4: (f Thecommons, Gar re t HardinTendency towardsOverexploitationTOE1.08

Ther. " i s a tendency for pub licly usable space to be overexp lo ited by Ind iv idua ls . Forpublic areas where prjvattzatton i sou t o f the quest ion, rules must be estab li sheddes igned to moderate priva te interea ts on the one hand, and to med ia te e ffec tive lyb etween p ri va te and pub li c i nt er es ts on t haoth er , [ p. 78. 1'8. 177, 251. fig.g]

+1 ~1/x=>O

G III Q '* . . (f Q GeneralRules and Freedoms RF1.09Rules adjus t the general degree o f determina tion (coercion ,) . Found within theser ul es . t he ref or e, a re cert ai n f reedoms . Pure f re edom does nota xl st : a t mos t, weenjoy res tr ic ted f reedoms. When rules are in force , cer ta in f reedoms are automat -I ca ll y val id as wel l. [p.65 ,1


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1General Declarations. Motive 2 Superordlrt8te land UseRules

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PSA1.10

0, William H. Whyte INew YorkPublic Space AcceptanceIt is difficult 10design a place that wil l not attract people. What isremarkable is howoften it's been accomplished. People like to sa. where there are places to sit. Ip.179)

ROT2.01

2 S up er or din at e L an d U se R ule so III~ 1) ~ 01 New YorkRule of ThreeDuring the past cen tu ry. a number ot lnnar-clty parcels have been rebuilt up tothree times. The city has the discretion to grant certain buildings historic land-mark status and place them under permanent protection. lpr~ IJ

GT2.02

oII \Q New YorkGlut TendencyDiverse or mixed use tends to self-destruct to the extent that especially successfuluses tend to glut a given area. Inorder to diminish the tendency and danger thatcertain successful utilizations wil l tend toward glut, land use regulations possessthe force of law for a maximum of to years (Le., if not additionally constrained byother provisions). Ensuing thereafter wil l bea fundamental revision of the regula-tions proclaimed herein. [p.220]

Dill 1) 0; New YorkStyle Rules SR2.03AI.o necessary isthe revision of the rule" inforce inaccordance with 1.05, becausethe city holds the view that urban regulations cannot beeffective Independentlyof societal transformations. Among tilese are evolving perceptions with regard tourban and architectural form. [p.18~, 183.Ilg. 7g1

0111 William H.whvte LP~ 2.04Land Preservation

The best wayto saveland is to buy It, [p.gg]

0110 Houston compared to ChicagoPopulation to OverallStreet LengthPSL

2.05

The relationship between population size and the total length of the infrastructureserving them varies from city to city, and there exists nodirect proportionality be-tween the two magnitUdes. [p.lg5. 2< 15J

" . t: ;. , t t l, t t l17


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SOP2.07

RLP2.06

BP2.0B

2 Supero rd lna Ie land Use Ru les

0110 -.~Ridge Hong Kongine ProtectionI n o rd er to a ll ow t he c it y t o rema in v is ib ly a set tl emen t a t t he edge o f mount ai noust err ai n, th e r id ge li ne o f t he moun ta in r ange i s p ro te ct ed . The. cl ty h as t he d is cre -tion to determine the number of meters of ridgel ine that mus t be visi bl e from theharborside lying opposite. [P.134. [i9-'18]

oII ~ 10 -. tit Mulholland Drive, Los AngelesScenic Drive ProtectionThe v iew f rom t he c li ff si de moun ta in r oad down ont o t he c it y s ha ll n ot b e bl oc kedb y bui ld in gs , n or sha ll b ui ld in gs be v is ib le f rom t hi s r oad a t a ll ( as measu re d f roma height of 4 ft (1,2 rnj). [p.206, fig.10ocl

lit ~ C o C t VancouverBackdrop PreservationThree-d imensional v iew cor rido rs ensure ( In con junc tion with 7.06) viewsbetween h igh- rises and onto the d is tant mountain panorama. [P.132,202. 249. 25'.254, f ig.


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UE2.12

SUL2.13

NSG2.14

2 Superordina te Land Use Rules

e8~ 0~ SeattleUrban EnvelopeThe three-d imensional u rban envelope f ixes the max imum developab le volume withina g iv en d is tr ic t. T he sol e c ri te ri on i s t he f ix ed hei ght o f d evel opment t hr oughou t t hed is tr ic t. A ll subsequen t lorm-de te rm in ing regulat ions work Within Ihis envelope.[p.201. 24g . 252 . 254 258 . f lg .94]

000,0 ~ HoustonSub Urban LoopThe h ighway loop 610 subdivides the city into an urban and a suburban zone. Allregulat ions concerning minimums (minimum distances 6.11, min imum plo t s ize 6.02) are augmented outside 01 this r ing. [P.197. f ig.gl]

Mulho lland Drive . Los AngelesNo Site GradingThe natural topography should be preserved . [p.206)

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3 Dis tr ic t-Re la ted Land Use Rules

C it 0000 C) New YorkSpecial Districts so3.01Wit hi n geogr aphi ca ll y d ef in ed a re as , t he c it y h as t he d is cr et io n t o g iv e spe ci al c on -s iderat ion to local par ti cu la ri ties through special regulat ions , and o therwrse to sus-p end o r mod if y c itywi de r egul ati on s. T hi s r ul e w il l b e suppl ement ed and suppo rt edby the corresponding planning mater ials. [P.97. 160, 199. 210.216.252. flgg31

C it II0 C) VancouverTaper Down to Shoreline TDS3.02The max imum permiss ib le bui ld ing heigh t is reduced progressive ly as the water 'sedge is approached. [P.132.13~]

G@ 0 " New YorkGentlemen's Agreement GA3.03An agreement e xi st s a ccord in g t o whi ch t al le r s tr uc tu re s w il l mai nt ai n anappr ~-p ri at e d is ta nce f rom t he UN Sec re tar ia t BUi ld in g. Th is i s t ru e at l eas t fo r a ll b ui ld -Ings taller than the 38 stories of the UN tower, [p.223]

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3 Dis tr ic t-Re la ted Land Use Rules

SWS3.04

0.11 e 1)6'. San FranciscoSkyline Wall SyndromeHigh- rises bui lt a round the same t ime and mot ivated byspeculatlon t en d t o bes im il ar i n a ppear an ce and s iz e. When t he y s ta nd : a lo ngs id e one ano th er , t he e ff ec t' iso f a homogenous wal l o f bui ld ings . It is a t as k o f t he p la nni ng aut hor it ie s t oadopt appropr ia te measures des igned to counterac t this tendency, (p.13.1.251, 252.lig45]

BOB3,.05 all" 6' New YorkBoom BehaviorThe t al le st b ui ld in gs a re e rec te d t owar d t he end of a ne conom ic boom. In manycases . t he re su lt i s a superf l' ul ty of o ff tc espe ce i n sub sequent y ea rs . T he c it y ha st he ' a ut ho ri ty t o adopt p romp t count ermeasur es . [ p. qo J

DQ3.06 o8~ () Propo si ti on M in San FranciscoDevelopment Quota

In ' th e cen tr al b us in es s d is tri ct , a max imum o f 475,000 square (4'4,000 sqm) fee to f o ff ic e spa ce can bebu il t a nnua lt v, ( p, ,~ 81

475,000 SQFT,YEAR

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3 D fsIr lct- ReIated Lend Uae Rules

o8~ () SeattleHeight Range HR3.07Altogether 55 high-rise projects are approved for the next 8 years, and t he se have t obe graduated inheight. A building' isa high-rise if [I i sa t least:


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3 Ois tr ic tRe la ted land Use Rules ~StreetscapeRu les

AC3.10o0 Q SoHo, New YorkArtists CertificationOnlye ertifled a r r ls I s may own a home i n Ihe Art District. [p,22C)

CAN3.11G II ~ .. New YorkCanyoning Land Value PeaksBuilding lot prices. are h ighly d if fe ren tialed by locat ion. The h ighest p rices o ften l iejus t a few met ers f rom ave rage p ri ce s. T he c it y ha s Ihe authority to employ regulatory measuras in order to counterac t t il is development. [p,gS. f ig.wl

OCM3 ..12 oII~.... San Francisc'oDowntown's Castle MoatFound i n th e Immed ia te v ic in it y o f t he f in anc ial d is tr ic t a re nei ghbo rh oods hav in gt he c it y' s l owes t d ens it ie s. [ - J

2~

G II \. Jane JacobsMulti Function Streets MFSQ ..01A street 0' district serves a var ie ty o f p rimary funct ions . [p.671

eII0" Jane .IacobsShort Blocks SHB4.02Block lengths sha ll be short . IP-196 . I lg 90I

C it II0.-0 .. O ! Jane JacobsDifference Max DIM4.03I n e ach s tr ee t, t he bui ld in gs shal l f orm con tr as ts b y v ir tu e o f t he ir re spec ti ve age ,condi tion . and use . [p.67 , ~M J

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~Streetscaps Rules

AA H4.04

e. \0 Along US HighwaysAdopt a HighwayPriva te c it izens, sma ll shops , and ins ti tu tions may d isplay adver ti sing s lgnage a tt he s tre et 's e dge a s l ong a s t he y a tt end t o t he mai nt enan ce and c le an in g o f t he sesec ti ons o f t he s tr eet a nd r emove t ra sh f rom t hem, [ p. 118. rr9.38]

QSV4.05

e.0 " C 1 Oi San FranciscoQuality of Street ViewsBy v ir tue o f the ir locat ions , topograph ies, o r bui ld ings , cer ta in s tree ts possessspecial v isua l qua li ties , These s tand under special p ro tect ion. A quality of streerv iew map spec if ie s th e v iew r el at io nshi ps and v is ua l p ecul ia ri ti es t ha t a re t o beprotected, [p.128. 252, 25~. flg.~31

ne.O M

4.06Mulho lland Drive , Los AngelesDirt Mulholland

A s tr eet 's po th ol es p ro vi de some of t he mos t p er va si ve expe ri en ce s o f u se rs .[p.206)

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4 S rroetscepe Ru les

e01!J \0 '0 SeattlePedestrian StreetsStree ts used princ ipal ly by pedes tr ians are c lass if ied as Class I,Class II,and GreenStree ts . Adjacen t bui ld ings tha t con tr ibute to enhanclnq t he qua li ty o f such s tree tsmay thereby earn u ti li za tion bonuses . Requi rements vary according to the s tree t' sclasslflcatlcn, !p.202. 2~0. 254. flg,g6-971

Seattle FT4.0BFacade Transparency

I nC la ss I p edes tr ia n s tr ee ts . at l ea st 6 0% 01 ground leve l facades must be t rans-p are nt . Non tra nspa ren t s ur fa ce s may beno more t han '5 It (4.6 m). For C lass IIp ede st ri an s tr eet s, t ra nspa re nc y must be a t l ea st 3 0%, w it h u tmos t 30 ft (g,1 m)o f b lank faade. !p.2o~1

G 0 Midt own Manhat ta n, New Yo rk / San F ran ci scoRetail Frontage Continuity RFC4.09Ground-f loo r z ones she ll f orm s tr ip s o f re ta il u se s t ha t g o beyond t he d imensi on so f the s ingle b lock . [p.220, f i9 .104"]

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4 Slreetscape Rules

SFO4.10

SeattleShop Front DiversityA shopping street with small retail businesses cannot have a larger shop whosefrontage is longer than 1% t imes the average length of the neighboring shops.(f19104bJ

SWC4.11

New YorkS reet Wall ContinuityToward the street. buildings shall stand directly onthe edg.asof their parcels. Thisendows the street with a continuous streetscape. (p.186.220. flg.841

00Q "StreeSWL4.12 R4 Residence Districts. New YorkWall LengthThe maximum length of a bui lding fa"ade shal l be,85 I t (56 m). [p.67. fig.31

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~Streetscape Rules

Q * New YorkSetback Street RatioAbove a certain height, each building shall spring back at distances having (de-pending upon the district or zone: 3.01. 3.08) either twice. 1 'I.t imes, or thesame width as the adjacent street. This creates a feeling of enclosure without acanyon-like impression. [p.82, 107,158,175.2,8. 25~. fig.53J

D E I tI ) * HoustonStreet Width SW4.14Streets shall have ideal widths of at least lOO It (30 m). [p.1g5]

CUI General ROB4.15Robustness

Streets are more robust, that isto say permanent, than building lots. and buildinglots are more robust than buildings. This robustness determines the hierarchy ofthe Individual elements. [p.1g6, 246]

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5 Neighborhood Rules

GD GeneralNH5.01 Neighbor

Designated asa neighbor iswhoever or whatever l ies directly along' the edge 01the building lot. This definit ion remains Inforce until it is supplanted by a new one.[p"451

VSR5.,02 New YorkVirgin Site RuleThe street grid cuts relationships between neighboring blocks. This Independencepersists unWnew regulations concerning neighbors generate new lnterdependencles.' lp.1001

- - f' l. 7 -----,[===:J_-----1065.03 CUI 100 LondonSection 106 Agreements

A neW housing development over a given threshold size, commonly 15 dwellings,(the ligure varies between local authorities), Isrequired to provide a predeter-mined proportion as affordable housing. [p,,631-30

5 NeighborhOCKJRules

G II 0' 0.0 Kevin LynchLandmarks and Icons LMI5.,04A building's significance isdetermined by its contrast with the immediate vicinity(Le. with neighbors: 5,01) and i ts lucidity of form. ltJlas within the power's ofthe city administration to encourage these distinctions to ernerqe more strongly Ina given project, or lnstsad to attenuate them. Such decisions are ccntlnqant uponthacorresponding strategies of differentiation. [p.2~a.2541

,1/ ,1-n.

at It} C 1 f ' LondonMetropolitan Sanction MS5.05.Public buildings are permitted to surpassthe otherwise generally valid heightl imits upto a. maximum height of 30m. [P.105]

- r _ + ~ r r - _ . _ . ~ _

"De. ChicagoFlat Cap F e5.06The maximum permissible building height';5 35 ft (11 m). This threshold may besurpassed only under certain conditions (e.g. 4.07, 5.14, 7.01-4). [p.qo, I1g.181


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H O M5.07

GQ ct Mulho lland Drl \le. Los AngelesHeight D ifference M axHei gh t d if fer en ce s between i nd iv id ua l b ui ld in gs a re hi gh ly de si ra bl e. b ut a t t hesame t ime an excessive ly s trong con tras t between neighboring s truc tu res det ractsf rom a d is tr ic t' s physica l coherence . For this reason. neighboring bui ld ings sha lln ot d if fe r i n he ig ht b y mo re t han 50% o f t he ir t ot al h ei gh ls .[ p. 20g, 2 54. I Ig 10011

2H5.08

olit (it 1 0 'f) ti t Zurich2h Shado wA h ig h-r is e may not p la ce a nei ghbor in g. re si dent ia l b ui ld in g l n shadow f or morethan two hours per day . (See h igh- rise def in it ion 7.Q1-2). [rl1~9, 191,~51,252.254, 258. ~60. tig.58]

oiii@ \0'06., Mulho lland Drive , Los AngelesNC5.09 N eig hb o rh o o d C o m pa tib ility

New const ru ct io n p roj ec ts must b eadap te d I n f orm. f unc ti on . a nd l andscapi ng t oneighboring bui ld ings within a c ir cumference o f 100 f ee t ( 30 rn). Neighboringbui ld ings are def ined by 5.01, or by fur ther s tipu la tions within special d is tr ic ts3.01. [P-209. 220, 252.254. flg.1Oag]

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SC5.10S olar A cces s

Those ope ra ti ng sol ar f ac il it ie s sha ll en jo y unimpeded ri gh ts t o t he sun sh in e t owhich the premises are exposed , [p. l$


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HH5.13

G D tt c r Santa MonicaHedge HeightA s impl e parcel h edge ha sup t o f our i dea l h ei gh ts . Fi rs t. t ha t o f t he owne r, s econd,t hat o f t he immed ia te nei ghbo r. t hi rd , t ha t prescribed .bythe rnunlclpafity, andf our th , t ha t o f t he hedge 's own I nt ri ns ic o r I deal gr ow th hei gh t. [p.146, flg.57]

TOR5.14

G c r New YorkTransfer of DevelopmentRightsIf a par ce l i s n ot d evel oped t o t he max imum al lowab le hei ght , t he n t he owner canpermanent ly sel l this poten tial to a neighboring s ite. I f a ll o f these s ites have a lreadybeen bui lt t o th ei r h ei ght c apa ci ty , th en th e c it y admini st ra ti on has t he au th ori tyt o ex te nd t he vlclnlty su rr ound in g t he bu il di ng I n que st io n i n o rde r t o ensure t hecontinued transfer o f development r ights. This happens within the area o f a special lydevised district (3.01). [P.143.160, 225. flg.65]

VIS5.15 Visibility StudyMulholland Drive. Los Angeles

The v iews o f a new bu il di ng p ro je ct a re c ri ti ca l a nd need t o bea sse ssed w it hi n aradius of % of a mil e (1,200 m) a round i t. [p.206, fig.l0obj

5 Neighborl lood Rules

o iii tt It* ' Sa n FranciscoOpposition Drawing 005.16Opponen ts o f a new bu il di ng p roj ec t n eed t o p ro du ce oppos iti on d raw ing s. whi che xp la in t he def ic ien ci es o f t he c ri ti ca l pr oj ec t w it hi n i ts c on tex t. O th erwi se t he yw il l n ot g et h ear d. [P,124 252]

+6 Plot/Block RulesC I) D . tt New YorkBlock Width BW6.01A block is del im it ed on a ll S id es by s tre et s, p ubl ic s pa ce s, p ar ks e tc . [-J

LS6.02

Houston / Los AngelesLot Size RequirementsA bui ld ing s ite where a Single-family house Is to stand must have a minimum size of5000 sqft (465 sqm). lp.lg1, 196.210.246J

" / 5000 sqrt.- .... / --.../- . . . . . . . . . . . "_ _ .

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6 P ia l/ Bl oc k Rul es

COS6.03oElo. HoustonCompensating Open SpaceA s ite can be l es s than t he o ff ic ia ll y val id rninlmum s iz e p ro vi ded t ha t a certainquant it y o f o pen spa ce on t he s it e rema in s undevel oped b y way o f c ompensat io n.[P.197]

F V D6.04

GElo. R1-1 Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkFront Yard DepthFr on t y ar ds sha ll h ave m in imum dept hs of 20 ft (6 m). [p.67.[ l9.31

R V D6.05

GElo. R2 Res idence Dis tr ic ts . New YorkRear Yard DepthBack yar ds sha ll h ave m in imum dept hs o f 20 ft (6 m) . [ p. 6? I Ig .31

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6 Plo tIBlock Rules

o JlI 0\0 ' Ebenezer Howard. Garden CityFodder RatioFOR6.06

Garden s mus t b e01 suf fi ci en t s iz e t o a ll ow p ropr ie to rs t o p rov ide t hemsel ve s w it hfoods tu ff s through the ir own agr icul tu ra l labor . [P,'91]

G0 \0 ' New YorkL ot A ss em blyL A

6.07A bui ld in g l ot t ha t h as been a ssembl ed f rom a number o f I nd iv idual l ot s i s morevaluable than the sum of I ts ind iv idua l par ts . [p.143, f ig 55]

0,IIO. R2 Res id en ce D is tri ct s, New Yo rkLot WidthL W

6.08I n o rd er to p reser ve t he cha ra ct er 0 1a l ow -den si ty n ei ghbo rh ood, t he m inimumwidth of a buil di ng l ot is 40 ft ('2 m). T hi s can vary a ccord In g t o zonel p 67 . 1 19 ,3 1

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6 Plo t/Block Rules

OSR6.09 oEl0' ft R6 Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkOpen Space Ratio

The quan tum of unde ve lo ped , open spa ce on a given zoni ng l ot i s g iv en a s a per-c ent age o f t he t ot al FAR on th e l ot . Th is Open Space Rati o mus t amount t o a t l ea st20% pe r zone. [ -]

LC6.10 000''' R3-1 Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkLot Coverage

A bui ld ing may occupy a rnaxi rnum 01 35% of the surface of a building lot. Thisvalue can vary according to zone. [p.67 , I lg .31

so6.11 oEl 0''' R3 X Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkBuilding Distance

The minimum d is tan ce be tween bu il di ngs i s a ft (2.4 m).[p.67. l ig.3]

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F 6 P lo t/ Bl oc k Rul es4)El~.. R3-1 Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkSide Yard Width SY W6.12The w id th o f t he sur roundi ng ga rdens s tri ps i sa l t ogether 13 I t (4 m), with eachside haVing a width of at least 5 ft (1.5 m). [p-67, flg.3]

00 tt Q, R6 Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkPlanted Open Areas PO A6.13A ll o pen sur faces between t he street waH and the trent l ot l ine a re to be land-scaped with p lants. I-I

000 .. ~O J Mulholland Drive, Los AngelesLandscape Screening LSS6.14In p ro te cte d nat ur al a rea s, v is ib le port io ns of b ui ld ing s a re t o be masked b y p lan tsand vegetat ion. [p.20g. r ig.100e]

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JFO6.15

FAR7.01-1

LH7.01-2

6 Plo t/Block Rules

D II 1)., Town o f Men tz , Port Byr onJunkyard Fence OrderJun kyar ds a re t o be surr ounded b y f en ce s whi ch b lo ck v iews to t he ir I nt er io rs .[P .113 . f19 3 '1

7 Building RulesO@ ~\O1) G New YorkF oar Area RatioThe max imum r at io b etween t he t ota l usab le sur fa ce ar ea o f t he bui ld in g' s f ul lstories and th e surf ace of t he bui ld in g l ot i s d ependen t u pon the uti lizat ion lonewhe re t he l ot i s l o ca te d, The zones a re mo re p re ci se ly spec if ied t hro ugh p la ns .Max imum space usage may a lso becond it ioned byo ther regulat ions ( fo r ex. 7.01-4).[p.67. 68, '75, ,83. 218. Ilg3. 741

FAR=0.5 , - - - ~ . ' - - - C .E E B. . . . . . . . . ~ ~-~------- .. -...~ - - - ~ , . - - l 1 i J~""~~~""- ... - - - - - - - " ' : . , . . . _FAFit1,O011fI ctLowest Swi tzer land / German'YighriseA hi gh -r is e i s d ef in ed a s be in g at l ea st 25 m tali.lp.149]

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7 Building Rules

Oat0 ct Parfs5-Story Rule of ParisBui ld in gs cannot b e t a ll er t han th e hei ght r es id en ts and u se rs a re p re pa re d t oc limb us ing s ta ir s. Fo r b ui ld in gs w it hout e le va to rs , t hi s t hr eshol d ha s beenreached a t a I ,e ight o f f ive s to ries . [p.l06]

New York / Sea tt lePlaza BonusI n e xchange ' f or p ro vi di ng cer ta ln pub li c ameni ti es . b ui ld in gs may i n some casessurpass the max imal values tha t norma lly app ly (max. bui ld ing heigh t. u tl ll za tlon .etc.). A cat al og spec if ie s t he l evel s o f s uch bonuses f or s pe ci fi c p ub li c f eat ur es .[p.g8. 176.,83, '90, 203, 225. 230. fig.751

G a t fI ft G San Gimignano INew YorkEngineering HeightCur re nt k nowl edge o f bu il di ng con st ru ct io n a ll ows t he e re ct io n o f s tru ct ur es onl yu p t o a cert ai n hei gh t ( no l onge r val id : a r ewor ki ng o f t hi s r ul e i s p r oposed ). (p .8 8.[l9"4]

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G Ii) Q ' \0 0 t& New York IChicagoEconomic HeightBeginning a t a c er ta in bui ld ing heigh t, one encounters the lawaI d im in ishing re-turns, l.e., the sales o f a ddi ti on al s to ri es no l onger cover t he cos ts o f t he ir con-s tr uc ti on and mai nt enan ce . Th is Economi c Hel gh t w il l be taken into considerationwhen determining a general ly val id heigh t l im it . [p.8g . 131 ,,84 .237 . f ig .81-83)

, ,, ,m~C D E > O 0 c r R2 Residence Distrlcts, New York IParisSet BackBeginning at a certain height, the bulldlng's volume shall spr ing back, forming: aneaves .h eight. [p.82, 10 6. 111. 252. 254. f lg.12)

_ (R2A R.esidence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkPerimeter Wall Height

The height of a tarrnmal, v ertical outer wall before a potential setback c an be up to21 ft (6.4 rn), fp.67. IIg.31

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C D 0 Q ' ., Ii' R6 Res idence D is tr ic t, New Yo rkBase HeightThe max imum height of a front (aade behind w hi ch the upper volume of thebui ld in g i s s t epped back i s 3 5 I t (" m).llIg.12]

G0 Ii' New YorkContextual BaseAll bui ld in gs have uni fo rm eaves hei ght s. New bui ld in gs mus t be orlentsd in thisregard to neig~hborJng bUiJdings. !p.220. fig,. ,2)

O 0 ., C It New YorkDaylight Evaluation ChartThe Day li gh t Eva lu at io n Cha rt measur es and r egul at es t he shadows cas t On thes tr ee t b y t he bui ld in g. [ P. 155. 2 51. 2 52. f lg .5 21 .

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08~ 0., New YorkSky Exposure PlaneThe Sky Exposure P la ne Jsa v irt ua l s urf ace t ha i i s i nc li ne d t owar d t he i ns id e f rom t heboundar ies o f Ihe zon ing lot and beg inning a t a cert ai n he ig ht . The g ra di en l v ari es b yd is tr ic t, " n d such sur ta ce can bel n te r ru p ie d on I y under cer ta i n cond it ion s. T hi s aHowsl ig ht a nd a ir I nt o t he s tr ee t. [P . 1 49. 1 83 . 233 . !O l 5 ~ .fig.12]

oD00 tf f Berlin22m Berlin BlockAci.tywide ordinance Slates that unless excep tions app lY ., the eaves 'he ight within ab lock and adjacent to ltscourtyards Is 2" rn, [p.m6. I l g .28]

oEl~ 1)0 R10 Residence Dlstrlcts, New YorkDown to EarthA t least 55% of a buil di ng.'s volume is found below a height of 150 n (46 m).. [P.252.r ig .12J

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o~0 1)0 Mulholland Drive. Los AngelesNo SkylightingA bui ld in g S il ho ue tt e a s v i si bl e f rom t he s tr ee t agai ns t th e s ky shoul d beinco nspic Uous. [p,2061

G D .~ 0 ., New YorkShoehorningAs 1 .0ngas . Ihe max i rnum a ll0wabies i te u tl l i zation has not been atta in ed, and nolandmark pro tect ion provisions app ly . an exist ing bui ld ing may be extended in heigh tby pul ling another one on top of il.,[p.'.4'1

o0 0 & - O J Weissenhofsiedlung. StuttgartFlat RoofAl l r o of s are f l a t . [p.106j

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o0~ til 6 :' Mulho lland Drive , Los AngelesStepped ProfileS lopi ng s it es : al l b ui ld in gs f ol low t he s lo pe of t he s it e I n t he ir volumetry and rooftermini. [p.206. Flg.l00al

C D ~ '0 San FranciscoBuilding BulkThe max imum length 01 a d ia gona l l in e d rawn t hro ugh t he bui ld in g' s gr ound pl an01",45 x the sideline lenqht res tr ic ts i ts hor izon ta l extension . This avo ids a slabelfect i n t he case of high-rises. [p.128.251. 252. 258. Iig,42J

o I l l ' 1 ) . " . New YorkNaturally. Lit Office DepthOff ic es sha ll n ever b e t oo deep t o be I ll um in at ed b y nat ur al l ig ht . ,[p,16g. lig.691

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LondonSky FactorProvided that 0..2% o f t he t ot al v is ua l f ie ld is v is ib le t hr ough t be w in dow assk yfrom a certain position Within a room, then the room is adequately lit from thispos it ion by natural Hgh t. [p.1 53, rig.6o] .

" D@ 0 t t l" New YorkBulky Block TypeEconom ic p re ssur es compel t he u ti li za ti on o f a g iv en buHdi ng l ot a ll t he way t o ap-plicable :Iegal l imits. These limits then determine the building's form. If a buildingi s co nstrueted which . des p lte a II rest ric 1 . 1 0 ns ,fa I Is to have the des i red appea ranee,then the city has the authority to determi ne the proportions / shepe of its v ol -umetr y by means o f add it iona l regula, tions. The u ti li za tion coe ff ic ient , however ,remains constant [p.1?0. ,;!~2.2~,o. fig,70]

.. E I 0 t) R2 Res id en ce D is tri ct s. New Yo rkDriveway WidthThe Width of driveways in front of garages Is at least 18ft (5.5 m). [p,67 , Ilg.31

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00. _ R4 Res idence Dis tr ic ts , New YorkCurb Cut SpacingCurb cuts must be spaced at least 16I t ( 4. 9 m) apa rt . Th is measurement has aninf luence on the locat ion of tile site's driveway. [p.67. f lg.31

min Hifl

oiiio. _til" New YorkVertical AssemblyA pair of bui ldings each of wili.ch lsexpllcltly f unc ti on al ly di st in ct may not o nl ys ta nd a lo ngs ide one ano th er , b ut may a ls o be s la cked one above t he o th er. [P.232.fig. "4]

C1Ove rl ay 0 is tr lc ts , New Yo r kOverlay ZonesI n a mixed-use development . res iden tial use sha ll a lways be pos it ioned abovecommercial use. [p.213, f ig.102]

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Los Angeles / Houston PR7.03-5Parking Requirements

There mus t be 1.33 pa rk in g spa ce s f or e ach bed room [ p-1 93 . 196 , flg.891

" III 10 San FranciscoLaundry Law LL7.03-6For reasons o f f ir e p ro tect ion. laundries a re to be const ructed of stone, never ofwood. [p.68,. 190)

====== ==Oil 0 1) t1 t O t Santa BarbaraCity Make Over CMO7.04-1All bui ldings. erected after 1929 mus t con fo rm to a Spani sh -c ol on is ll de sl ofbeauty. [ P .1 03 . 1 1 2 )nrm

7 Bu il d in g ' Ru le s . . . . 7 B u il d I n gRu I as


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oiii c D ' O ! San FranciscoAnti Refrigerator L o o kSpecial root t ermini on h igh rises generate a more v isua lly a tt ract ive and var iedskyline. [p.128. fig,4~J

Las VegasV eg as ' L ig htin gAt least 75% o f the faorades of cas ino s mus t be covered with advertising Influorescent lighting. (p .118. fig.33-371

. ~ I I = .:tl:J_Q MulhOlland Drive, Los AngelesC o lo r W heel

For buildings In special nature protect ion zones, the colors 01 t he bui ld ing and itsout er p ar ts must b eeo rn pa tl bl a w it h t he sea sona lc cl or at lon o f t he sur rc undl nqn a tu f aIe n v ltonrnent , [p.l06, 2 .09 . I lg .100dI

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00 01 Welsse nhofsi adlung, Sluttgar I CS7.04-5C o lo r S tip u la tio nThe color o f a ll ' outside tao ;:ades isas a rule whi le . [p.tOSI

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Documents

Grand Urban Rules_1