Grammar to Be Improved

7/25/2019 Grammar to Be Improved

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Grammar to study at each CEF level

The table below shows you the grammar areas that you should be studying at each of the CEF levels:

http://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr_grammar.htm

B1

Adverbs

Broader range of intensifiers such

as too, enough

Comparativesandsuperlatives

Complex question tags

Conditionals,2ndand3rd

Connecting words expressing

cause and effect, contrast etc.

Future continuous

Modals - must/cant deduction

Modals might, may, will, probably

Modals should have/might have/etc

Modals: must/have to

Past continuous

Past perfect

Past simple

Past tense responses

Phrasal verbs, extended

Present perfect continuous

Present perfect/past simple

Reported speech(range of tenses)

Simple passive

Wh- questions in the past

Will and going to, for prediction

B2

Adjectives and adverbs

Future continuous

Future perfect

Future perfect continuous

Mixed conditionals

Modals cant have, neednt have

Modals of deduction and speculation

Narrative tenses

Passives

Past perfect
http://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr_grammar.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_intensifiers.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_intensifiers.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/a2_comparative_adjectives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/a2_comparative_adjectives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_superlative.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_question_tags.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_second_conditional.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_second_conditional.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_second_conditional.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_3rd_conditional.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_connectors.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_connectors.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_future_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_may_might.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_should_have.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_have_to.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_past_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_past_perfect.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_past_simple.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_presperf_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_presentperfect_pastsimple.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_simple_passives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_questions.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/going_to_will_prediction.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_future_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/future_perfect.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/future_perfect_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/mixed_conditionals.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_simple_passives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_past_perfect.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_intensifiers.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_intensifiers.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/a2_comparative_adjectives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_superlative.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_question_tags.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_second_conditional.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_3rd_conditional.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_connectors.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_connectors.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_future_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_may_might.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_should_have.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_have_to.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_past_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_past_perfect.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_past_simple.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_presperf_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_presentperfect_pastsimple.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_simple_passives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_questions.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/going_to_will_prediction.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_future_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/future_perfect.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/future_perfect_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/mixed_conditionals.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_simple_passives.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_past_perfect.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr_grammar.htm


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Past perfect continuous

Phrasal verbs, extended

Relative clauses

Reported speech

Will and going to, for prediction

WishWould expressing habits, in the past

C1

Futures (revision)

Inversion with negative adverbials

Mixed conditionals in past, present

and future

Modals in the past

Narrative tenses for experience,

incl. passivePassive forms, all

Phrasal verbs, especially splitting

Wish/if only regrets

22. It's no use .... to him. He oesn't listen.

to speak

spoke

speaking

2!. "ot onl# ..... to $onon %ut she also &isite man#

other places in Englan.
http://www.examenglish.com/grammar/past_perfect_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_phrasal_verbs_separable.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/d_relative_clauses.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/going_to_will_prediction.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/wish_if_only.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/used_to_would.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/mixed_conditionals.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/mixed_conditionals.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/wish_if_only.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/past_perfect_continuous.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/A2_phrasal_verbs_separable.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/d_relative_clauses.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/B1_reported_speech.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/going_to_will_prediction.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/wish_if_only.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/used_to_would.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/mixed_conditionals.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/mixed_conditionals.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/wish_if_only.htm


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she went

went she

did she go (emphasis)

2. "ow remem%er( #ou ..... the test until the teacher

tells #ou to.

are not starting

are not to start

haven't started

)*. ...+he wasn't ...... to reach the ceiling.

tall enough

so tall

as tall

),. He was thought .... the isease in Hong -ong.


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to catch

catching

to have caught

). here's no point .... sta#ing up all night if #our exam

is tomorrow.

on

with

in

)0. Rarel# .... meat.

I eat

do I eat

I have eaten

2) Im looking the summer holidays.a) before

b) forward


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c) for

d) forward to

14) This beer tastes .

a) badly

b) lovely

c) well

d) normally

16) She knows that she to pay now.a) had better

b) needn't

c) should

d) ought

2) They were hard !uestions that I had no "han"e.a) so

b) some

c) such

d) quite

2#) It$s all right% we hurry. &e ha'e plenty o( time.a) mustn't

b) shouldn't

c) can't

d) needn't

24) ou ha'e a terrible (e'er* "all a do"tor+a) hall !

b) "o !


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c) #ust !

d) $ill !

#2) The loudspeakers won$t work unless you those "ables.a) connected

b) connect

c) don't connect

d) can't connect

,2) Somebody stole his wallet so he money (rom a (riend.a) lent

b) earned

c) borrowed

d) lended

64) I drink beer than wine.a) would li%e more

b) &refer

c) had better

d) would rather

6,) I ga'e her earrings (or -hristmas.a) a &air of

b) a set of

c) two

d) a

6) She didn$t want the /ob% .a) however well &aid was it

b) however well &aid it was

c) for how good &ay might it be

d) however good &ay it was

60) e has been (or armed robbery.


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a) blamed

b) accused

c) charged

d) arrested

#) She$s 'ery beauti(ul but that kind o( woman doesn$t to me.a) fancy

b) a&&eal

c) attract

d) turn on

4) The language s"hool that I attend is 2 kilometres .

a) far

b) away

c) distance

d) long

0) I( he hadn$t drunk so mu"h% he si"k.a) didn't feel

b) wouldn't feel

c) hadn't felt

d) hasn't felt

01) aria has two sisters% but she doesn$t speak to o( them.a) both

b) any

c) either

d) neither

0,) a'e you (ound a /ob +


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a) soon

b) still

c) longer

d) yet

00) 3o you think I should mo'e to Ireland+ ou shouldn$t do anything you think it$s theright thing to do.

a) when

b) unless

c) in case

d) if

) I( she doesn$t my sight at on"e% I$ll s"ream*a) go out from

b) go off

c) get away from

d) get out of

htt&((wwwe*amenglishcom(FCE(fce+grammarhtm

Grammar by levelhtt&((wwwe*amenglishcom(CEF,(cefr+grammarhtm

Grammar with e*&lanationhtt&((wwwe*amenglishcom(grammar(b1+adverbshtm

5o"abulary Topi"s

All the words in this section are in theCambridge PETword list. These are the important words you need to know to

pass an exam.

htt&((wwwe*amenglishcom(vocabulary(B1+vocabulary+to&icshtm

rammar ames

htt&((wwwenglishmedialabcom(GrammarGames(fling-2.the-2.teacher(conditionals(conditionals-2.&racticehtml
http://www.examenglish.com/FCE/fce_grammar.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr_grammar.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/PET/index.htmlhttp://www.examenglish.com/PET/index.htmlhttp://www.examenglish.com/vocabulary/B1_vocabulary_topics.htmhttp://www.englishmedialab.com/GrammarGames/fling%20the%20teacher/conditionals/conditionals%20practice.htmlhttp://www.examenglish.com/FCE/fce_grammar.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr_grammar.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/grammar/b1_adverbs.htmhttp://www.examenglish.com/PET/index.htmlhttp://www.examenglish.com/vocabulary/B1_vocabulary_topics.htmhttp://www.englishmedialab.com/GrammarGames/fling%20the%20teacher/conditionals/conditionals%20practice.html


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3. He wouldn't be very happy if he _______ his daughter had been in trouble again. Incorrect, 2nd

conditional

hear

'd heard

heard

4. We've been colleagues for ages. I _________ him since I first moved to London. Incorrect, 'since' is

used with a perfect tense

have known

know

am knowing

2. I was rather put out when I heard my daughter's teacher _______ her run twenty times around the playground!

Incorrect, allow + 'to'

made

let

allowed

9. If you like modern art, you ______ really visit the new exhibition at the museum. Incorrect


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must

can

should

10. I'm sorry, I _________ to get to change that money for you, I was too busy. Correct

couldn't

weren't able

didn't manage

23. I ______ Julia to tell her as soon as we arrive at the hotel. Incorrect, use this form for scheduled

events

'll call

going to call

'm calling

24. You're so late! What __________________ you? Incorrect

kept

was keeping

is keeping


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27. I'm looking forward to my holiday! I _____ to spend the whole week on a boat! Incorrect, 'will' is used

for more spontaneous decisions - this is a plan

'm going

will

'll go

37. A: Do you want to go to the cinema tonight? B: I'm afraid I can't. I think I _____ Julia this evening.

Incorrect

'll see

'm going to see

'm seeing

49. I wish I ________ home earlier last night. I'm so tired today. Incorrect

went

was going

had gone

2 Correct

This fish is _________ delicious.


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very

really

completely

Instant 7nglish Test 8esults

9 o( !uestions you got right:

The !uestions you got wrong:

rade in per"entage:

htt&((englishenglishcom(englishtesthtm

Solution to Quiz

/uestion 20d/uestion 10b

/uestion 10d/uestion 2.0c/uestion 230d/uestion 20a/uestion 320b/uestion 420c/uestion 0d/uestion 40a
http://englishenglish.com/englishtest.htmhttp://englishenglish.com/englishtest.htm


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/uestion 50b/uestion 60d/uestion 530b/uestion 50b/uestion 6.0b

/uestion 610c/uestion 640d/uestion 660b/uestion 7.0d

3e(ining 8elati'e -lauses

Use:

Use defining relative clauses to give information about a noun in a sentence. The listener or reader NEEDS this

information to understand the sentence.


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A doctor is a person who cures sick people.

The girl who sits next to me at work has a bag just like yours.

Form:

Usewhoto give more information about a person.

An architect is a person who designs buildings.

Usewhichorthatto give more information about a thing.

A corkscrew is a thing which you use to open bottles.

The book that you gave me for my birthday is really interesting.

Usewhereto give more information about a place.

Thats the place where we got married.

The town where my uncle lives is a few miles from here.

Because non-defining relative clauses give essential information, no commas (,) are needed.

If the noun which the relative clause describes (usually at the beginning of the sentence) is the OBJECT of

the sentence, youcandeletewhich, thatorwho.

The man who is wearing the blue suit is my brother.

The manis thesubjectof the sentence. Youcannotdeletewho.

The man (who) George is talking to is my brother.

Georgeis thesubjectof the sentence.The manis theobjectof the sentence.

(The sentence can be rewritten:Georgeis talking toa man. The man is my brother).So youcandelete who.

The book you lent me is really good.

Youis the subject of the sentence.

The bookis the object of the sentence.

(The sentence can be rewritten:Youlent me abook. The book is really good.Which / thatisnotnecessary.)

The book which is on the table is really good.

The bookis the subject of the sentence. (The sentence can be rewritten:The bookis on the table. Its really

good.Which / thatisnecessary.)

;on 3e(ining 8elati'e -lauses


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Use:

Use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about a noun in a sentence, or part of a sentence. The

listener or reader does not need this information to understand the sentence.

Relative clauses can define the subject of the sentence:

Miranda, who used to go to the same university as me, is having a baby.

Or the object of a sentence:

We went to a lovely restaurant, where we both had steak.

Or the sentence as a whole.

She gave me some money, which was very nice of her.

Form:

Always put the relative clauseas close as possible to the noun that you are describing.

Usewhoto give information about a person,whoseto introduce a possession, andwhichto give

information about a thing. Do not use that.

Use where to give information about a placeONLYif you introduce another subject after where.Otherwise,

use which.

We met at Bristol University, where we both studied Biology.

We met at Bristol University, which is in the west of England.

Who, which, whereandwhosecannot be omitted in defining relative clauses.

As non-defining relative clauses are not necessary to understanding the sentence, they are always placed

within commas.

The man who lives next to me has five motorbikes.

In this sentence, who lives to me is necessary. Without it, the sentence (The man has five motorbikes) is

meaningless because it is not clear which man is being talked about. Therefore, commas are NOT necessary.

Tom, who lives next to me, has five motorbikes.

In this sentence, who lives to me is not necessary. Without it, the sentence (Tom has five motorbikes) still has

meaning. Who lives next to me adds more information, therefore, commas ARE necessary.

Common Mistakes

Some Students do not put the non defining relative clause close to the noun it describes.

The chemicals flow into rivers, whichare toxic. => The chemicals, which are toxic, flow into rivers.


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4. The sentence below indicates that

The apple tree which is at the bottom of the garden needs to be cut down.

there is one apple tree in the garden. Incorrect

there are several apple trees in the garden. Correct(they are several, it is one of them)

there are several apple trees at the bottom of the garden.


17/31

Will

Wont

I

you

he / she it

we

they

have

past participle?

Be going tois rarely used to make the future perfect tense.

Toms going to have finishedhis lecture by the time we get there.

1. Choose the correct tense.

Sorry, Jake, I ___ late tomorrow, Im afraid.

ll be being

ll have been Incorrect

ll be Correct

will = be going to (or predi"tion

8se

Bothbe going toandwillcan be used to predict future events. In many cases they can be used interchangeably.

Experts believe that the recession will continue.

Experts believe that the recession is going tocontinue.

However, in some cases they are used differently:

Usegoing towhen there isevidence about what is going to happen.

Look at the time! Were going to belate!

Usewill / wontwhenguessing about the future.

I bet Robin will be late again.

Willis often used with phrases such asIthink, Iexpect, Idont think,Ibet ,Im sure, Idoubt

if/that when making predictions

It is more common to useI dont think + will,notI think + wont

I think it wont rain => I dont think it will rain

Form


18/31

be going to

Positive

I am / m going to verb (infinitive form)

you / we / they are / re

he / she / it is / s

Negative

I m not going to verb (infinitive form)

you arent OR re not

he / she / it isnt OR s not

Questions

Am I going to verb (infinitive form) ?

Are you / we / they

Is he / she / it

Short Answers

Yes,

I am. No, Im not.

you / we / they are. you / we / they re not / arent

he / she / it is. he / she / it s not / isnt

will

Positive / Negative

I / You / He / She / It / We / They

will verb (infinitive form).

wont

Will

I / you / he / she / it / we / they / verb (infinitive form)?

>sed to = &ould

Use:


19/31

We sayUsed toto talk about something that was true in the past, but is not true now.

There used to be a park here, but now theres a shopping centre.

My grandmother used to have beautiful blonde hair, but now her hair is grey.

You can sayused toto talk about states (things that were true for a long period of time) or repeated actions (thingsthat happened several times).

I used to live in Denver.(True for a long period of time)

I used to go to the park every Friday.(A repeated action)

Write adverbsbeforeused to.

I always used to cycle to school.

I never used to eat vegetables.

You can useWouldin a similar way to used to. It describes things that were true in the past but are not true

now.

When I was a child, my dad would read to me every night.

WouldCANNOT be used to talk about states. It can only be used to talk about repeated actions.

There would be a park here. => There used to be a park here.

Write adverbsafterwould.

I would always talk to my grandma when I had a problem.

Form:

I / You / He / She / It / They / We

used to

didnt use to / never used to

verb (infinitive)would

wouldnt

Questions

Did

you / he / she / it / they

use to + verb (infinitive)

Would verb (infinitive)

Common Mistakes:

Many students confuseused to doandbe used to doing. This is another phrase. It means be familiar with doing

something.

I am used to live near here. => I used to live near here.

9. Which sentence is correct?


20/31

I would often play by myself when I was younger. Correct

My brother would be very short when he was younger. Incorrect

There would be a post office on this street, but its not there now.

&ish = I( only

Use:

WishandIf onlycan be used:

a) To wish for anabilitynowor in thefuture.

I wish I could play the guitar!

If only I could dance like that!

I wish I could go to your wedding next week, but I cant.

If only I could see my grandmother more often, but I cant.

b) To wish that somethingcould be trueat the moment.

I wish I had long hair! If only I were taller!

c) To wish that somethingwas happeningat the moment.

I wish I was lying on the beach right now! If only I was lying on the beach right now!

d) To wish that somethingkept happening again and again, or to wish it could stop happening.

I wish you wouldnt shout so loudly. If only he wouldnt shout so loudly.

e) To wish thatsomethingin thepasthad happenedin a different way.

I wish I had studied for my exam! If only I hadnt argued with him!

Form:

To wish for an ability now or in the future.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + could +infinitive verb

I wish that I could sing.

If only I could come to Australia too!

To wish that something could be true at the moment.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + past simple

I wish I had a pony.

I wish I was rich.

When using the verb be, you can use were for all persons.

I wish I were rich. If only I were rich.


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To wish that something was happening at the moment.

I wish (that) / If only +subject + past continuous **I wish that this traffic was moving.

If only this traffic was/were moving!

To wish that something kept happening again and again, or to wish it could stop happening.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + would + past participle

I wish you would tidy up more often. ***

Often:I wish (that) / If only + subject + would stop + verb-ing

I wish he would stop shouting.

I wish (that) / If only + subject + wouldnt keep + verb-ing *I wish you wouldnt keep hitting me.

To wish that something in the past had happened in a different way.

I wish (that) / If only + past perfect

I wish I had studied for my exam!

If only I hadnt argued with him!

4. Which sentence is correct?

I wish you wouldnt keep shout at me! Incorrect*

I wish we live in a bigger house. Incorrect

I wish I were going to the beach with my friends! Correct**

10. Your friend keeps hitting you. What do you say?

I wish you stopped doing that!

I wish youd stop doing that! Correct***

I wish youd stopped doing that! Incorrect


22/31

5. Your colleague talks a lot and you dont like it. What could you say?

If only he is quiet! Incorrect

If only he had been quiet! Incorrect

If only he would be quiet! Correct***


23/31

But this is not always the case.

Anne will be in a bad mood at the party this evening because shell have been doing housework.

Form:

Positive and Negative

I

you

he / she it

we

they

will have

wont have

been + verb-ing

Questions

Will

Wont

I

you

he / she it

we

they

have

been + verb-ing?

There are 10 questions in this quiz. Complete the sentences with the future perfect form of the verb

inbold.

7.(wait)

Hurry up! Your parents for us for ages! Incorrect

parents for usCorrect**

i?ed -onditionals

are w aiting

w ill have been waitin


24/31

Use:

Mixed conditional sentences combine two different conditional patterns.

Several patterns can be used:

mixed first conditional sentences

First conditional sentences can use a variety of modal verbs.

If + present simple,can / may / might / will / should+ verb (infinitive) **If you give me some money, I can buy some milk.

If I finish my homework, may I go out with my friends?

If you switch the photocopier off and on again, it should work.

First conditional sentences can also usegoing to, as well aswill.

If + present simple, going to + verb (infinitive)

If you dont get ready soon, were going to be late!

Thepresent continuousandgoing tocan also appear in theIfclause

If youre going to the shop, can you buy me some cola?

If youre going to pay him, make sure you get a receipt.

The present perfect may also appear in theIfclause. ****If youve finished your work, you can go home.

mixed third / second conditional

This combination describes an imagined event in the past and the present result.If + past perfect, would + verb (infinitive)

If he'd taken the medicine, he wouldn't still be sick.

He wouldnt still be sick if hed taken the medicine.

mixed second / third conditional

This combination describes a situation which is never true, and the past consequence of this

situation.

If + past simple, would have + verb (infinitive) ***If you were better at speaking in public, the presentation would have been more successful.

The presentation would have been more successful if you were better at speaking in public.

If he ___ you an invoice, you should pay him. **


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would send Incorrect

s sent Correct

had sent Incorrect

6. Complete the sentence.

If ____ late, can you turn everything off before you go?

youve worked

youre working Correct **

youll work Incorrect

I dont have a degree, so I didnt get the job.

If I had a degree, I would have got that job. Correct***

If I have a degree, I would have got that job.

If Id had a degree, I would get that job. Incorrect

If someone ____ my purse, Ill be furious!

takes Incorrect

took Incorrect

has taken Correct****


26/31

8eported Spee"h

Use:

Use reported speech to talk about what another person said in the past.

Eve: Iwentto the party on Friday night.

James: Eve said that shehad goneto the party on Friday night.

Form:

1) When reporting speech, the verb in the sentence may shift to a past tense.

am / is / are changes towas / were

I am fine. She said that she was fine.

present simple changes topast simple

I like it. He said he liked it.

present continuous changes topast continuous

Shes sleeping. He said that she was sleeping.

will changes towould

Ill be there. You said that youd be there.

can changes tocould

I can come to the meeting. You said that you could come to the meeting.

past simple changes topast perfect

I did the shopping. Tom said that he had done the shopping.

present perfect changes topast perfectIve read that book. I told him that Id read the book.

past continuous changes topast perfect continuous

She was walking home alone. He said that she had been walking home alone.

present perfect continuous changes topast perfect continuous

Ive been working, I told him that Id been working.

2) To report speech, useHe / She / I said (that) ...

You can also useHe / She told me (that)...; I told him / her (that)...

3) Dont use quotation marks () when reporting speech.

4) References to times in the past also may need to change when using reported speech, if that

time is no longer the same.

this morning / week / month 9thatmorning / week / month

yesterday 9the previousday

last week / month 9the previousweek / month

ago 9earlier / previously


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tomorrow 9the following day

next week / month 9the followingweek / month

@oth% either and neither

>se:

1) Both

Bothmeans two of two things. (los dos, ambos)

I have two cats. I like both of them.

2) Neither

Neithermeans not one or the other of two things (ninguno)

Neither of my cats is grey.Remember to use asingularverb after neither.

Neither of the dogsare dangerous. =>Neither of the dogsisdangerous.

3) Either

Eithermeans one or the other (cualquiera)

There are two cakes. Please have one. You can have either one.

Both of the childrenlike chocolate cake.

However, you dont have to useofwithboth.Both of the childrenlike chocolate cake.

Both childrenlike chocolate cake.

3) You can useboth, neitherandeither+of+object pronoun(you, them, us).


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Both of themwore white dresses.

Neither of uswas late.

Haveeither of yougot a pen?

4) You can useboth ... and...;neither ... nor..., andeither ... or....

Examples:

BothJamesandDiana work here.

NeitherJamesnorDiana works here.

You can askeitherJamesorDiana.


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Documents

Grammar to Be Improved