Grammar and Punctuation

Classic Fiction Unit

© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A

Direct Speech

Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1

Part 1

© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A

Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1

Direct Speech

What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless

and with most evil eyes.

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.

Speech marks 'hug' the spoken

words

Direct Speech

What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless

and with most evil eyes.

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.

Speech marks 'hug' the spoken

words

Direct Speech

What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being

footless-and with most evil eyes.

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.

Speech marks 'hug' the spoken

words

Direct Speech

What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being

footless-and with most evil eyes.

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera.

Speech marks 'hug' the spoken

words

Each new speaker starts on

a new line

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

It’s hard to see who is speaking when the

dialogue is squashed together.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Direct SpeechEach new

speaker starts on a new line

"What will he do for us? He is not of our tribe, being footless and with most evil eyes," said Bagheera. "He is very old and very cunning. Above all, he is always hungry," said Baloo hopefully. "Promise him many goats.“ "He sleeps for a full month after he has once eaten. He may be asleep now, and even were he awake, what if he would rather kill his own goats?" Bagheera, who did not know much about Kaa, was naturally suspicious. "Then in that case, thou and I together, old hunter, might make him see reason." Here Baloo rubbed his faded brown shoulder against the Panther, and they went off to look for Kaa the Rock Python.

Much clearer.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.

"Give me permission to come with you," said Kaa.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"He has not eaten," said Baloo, with a grunt of relief.

"We are hunting," said Baloo carelessly.

"Give me permission to come with you," said Kaa.

Direct SpeechA comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

"Good hunting!" cried Baloo, sitting up on his haunches.

"Oho, Baloo, what dost thou do here? “ said Kaa.

Unless the speech ends in

! or ?

Direct SpeechDirect speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause.

“I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.”

“I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called me most evil names."

Direct SpeechDirect speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause.

“I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.”

“I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called me most evil names."

Direct SpeechDirect speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause.

“I am,” said Kaa with a little pride, “a fair length - a fair length.”

“I came very near to falling on my last hunt,” said Kaa, “ and the noise of my slipping waked the Bandar-log, and they called me most evil names."

Direct SpeechSummary of Rules

Speech marks 'hug' the spoken

words

Each new speaker starts on

a new line

A comma usually separates the direct speech

from the reporting clause

Unless the speech ends in

! or ?

Direct speech begins with a capital letter, unless the sentence is interrupted by a reporting clause.

Your Turn!

Written & Spoken language

Week 1 Thursday Grammar 2

Part 2

© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A

Week 1 Thursday Grammar 2

Written & Spoken Language

"Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

Written & Spoken Language

"Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

What do you notice about these words?

Written & Spoken Language

"Don't be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That's his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He's tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

Why use contractions in dialogue?

Written & Spoken Language

"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

Try reading this aloud. What do you notice now?

Written & Spoken Language

"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

An exclamation

Written & Spoken Language

"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

An exclamation

We often use these in our speech to express strong

emotion: surprise, pain, anger, delight.

Written & Spoken Language

"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends."

"Ouch! He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

This might replace the more standard English sentence.

Written & Spoken Language

"Do not be frightened, Teddy," said his father. "That is his way of making friends."

“I am rather surprised and experiencing some pain at this moment. He is tickling under my chin," said Teddy.

This might replace the more standard English sentence.

Written & Spoken Language"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ; " said Chuchundra, and then

he stopped."Told you what?""H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to

Chua in the garden.""I didn't ; so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite

you!"

Real speech is usually more informal than written

language.

Written & Spoken Language"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ; " said Chuchundra, and then

he stopped."Told you what?""H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to

Chua in the garden.""I didn't ; so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite

you!"

Sentences are sometimes left...

Written & Spoken Language"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ; " said Chuchundra, and then

he stopped."Told you what?""H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to

Chua in the garden.""I didn't ; so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite

you!"

Sentences are sometimes left unfinished.

Written & Spoken Language"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me ; " said Chuchundra, and then

he stopped."Told you what?""H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to

Chua in the garden.""I didn't ; so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite

you!"

Sentences are often quite short.

Written & Spoken Language"My cousin Chua, the rat, told me � " said Chuchundra, and then

he stopped."Told you what?""H'sh! Nag is everywhere, Rikki-tikki. You should have talked to

Chua in the garden.""I didn't � so you must tell me. Quick, Chuchundra, or I'll bite

you!"

Less formal punctuation might be used, such as dashes.

Written & Spoken Language

• Contractions for smooth sounding rhythm• Exclamations• Often shorter sentences• Informal language and sentence structure• Informal punctuation

All these are designed to make dialogue in story writing sound

real (authentic).

Written & Spoken Language

Rewrite this stilted dialogue, correctly punctuated. Try

opening with an exclamation.

I am suddenly feeling regret as I have forgotten to bring

my homework.

Mike

Written & Spoken Language

Rewrite this dialogue. Show the strain of pulling by having Mike

not finish his sentence.

I am feeling rather cross at this moment. Why will you not accompany me into the

veterinary practice? We cannot be late again as we will miss our appointment.

Mike

Dog

Written & Spoken Language

Rewrite this dialogue. Show the urgency of the situation by using very short sentences.

Would you be kind enough to assist me? I feel that I am

about to fall.

Mike

Amy

Your Turn!

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Part 3

© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A

Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Conjunctions

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Simple Sentences

Have a subject and a verb

(A single independent clause)

Make sense on their own.

The whale ate all of the fish.

The ‘Stute fish hid.

The mariner sat on the raft.

What is the subject and verb in each of these simple sentences?

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Compound Sentences

2 or more independent clauses

Joined using co-ordinating conjunctions

coordinating conjunctions:

and but or

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Compound Sentences

2 or more independent clauses

Joined using co-ordinating conjunctions

coordinating conjunctions:

and but or

Joins similar things

Links a contrast or surprise

Shows a choice

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

coordinating conjunctions:

and but or

Which coordinating conjunctions will join the clauses best?

The whale opened his mouth he swallowed the mariner

The mariner was inside the whale he didn’t panic

This story might be true it might be fiction

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

coordinating conjunctions:

and but or

The whale opened his mouth and he swallowed the mariner

The mariner was inside the Whale but he didn’t panic

This story might be true or it might be fiction

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Compound Sentences

Which coordinating conjunctions can you remember?

Can you use one to join 2 simple sentences together?

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

Contain a main clause and a subordinate clause

Give extra information

main clause subordinate clause

Show how ideas relate to each other

The mariner sat on the raft trailing his toes in the water. The mariner sat on the raft feeling despondent. Feeling despondent, the mariner sat on the raft.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

main clause subordinate clause

Makes sense on its own

Does not make sense on its own

Often begins with a subordinating conjunction

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

main clause subordinate clause

Makes sense on its own

Does not make sense on its own

Often begins with a subordinating conjunction

The animals were angry.

A djinn appeared.

The camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

main clause subordinate clause

Makes sense on its own

Does not make sense on its own

Often begins with a subordinating conjunction

The animals were angry because the camel was not working.

A djinn appeared.

The camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

main clause subordinate clause

Makes sense on its own

Does not make sense on its own

Often begins with a subordinating conjunction

The animals were angry because the camel was not working.

A djinn appeared while they were complaining.

The camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

main clause subordinate clause

Makes sense on its own

Does not make sense on its own

Often begins with a subordinating conjunction

The animals were angry because the camel was not working.

A djinn appeared while they were complaining.

The camel could work for three days since he had his hump.

Can often move around

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

subordinate clause, main clause The animals were angry because the camel was not working.

While they were complaining, a djinn appeared.

The camel could work for three days since he had his hump.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

subordinate clause, main clause The animals were angry because the camel was not working.

While they were complaining, a djinn appeared.

Since he had his hump, the camel could work for three days.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

afteralthoughasas ifas long asas thoughbecausebeforeeven ifeven though

ifif onlyin order thatnow thatoncerather thansinceso thatthanthat

thoughtillunlessuntilwhenwheneverwherewhereaswhereverwhile

Do you use a range of

conjunctions?

Your Turn!

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Week 2 Wednesday Grammar 4

Part 4

© Original plan copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users Y5/6 Aut F Plan 1A

Week 2 Tuesday Grammar 3

Relative Clauses

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

Tell you more about a noun

A type of subordinate clause =

The rhinoceros rude and selfish

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

Tell you more about a noun Begin with a pronoun who, which, that, whose, where

A type of subordinate clause

The rhinoceros rude and selfish

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

Tell you more about a noun Begin with a pronoun who, which, that, whose, where

Embedded using commas to separate clauses

A type of subordinate clause

The rhinoceros, who was rude and selfish,stamped.

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

The mariner sat on the raft.

Tell me more about the mariner

The mariner, who was a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, sat on the raft.

The mariner, who was more lost than he had ever been, sat on the raft.

The mariner, who was wishing his mummy was there, sat on the raft.

Give more information

about a noun

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

The mariner sat on the raft.

The mariner, who was a man of infinite-resource-and-sagacity, sat on the raft.

The mariner, who was more lost than he had ever been, sat on the raft.

The mariner, who was wishing his mummy was there, sat on the raft.

Relative pronoun introduces clause

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

The mariner sat on the raft.

Tell me more about the raft

The mariner sat on the raft, which was old and rickety.

The mariner sat on the raft, that was surrounded by sharks.

The mariner sat on the raft, which he had crafted from jelly babies and jam.

Give more information

about a noun

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

The camel refused to help.

Try embedding a relative clause into this sentence starting with which, that or who?

Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

Relative clauses

The camel refused to help.

The camel, who was lazy and selfish, refused to help.

The camel, who was tired and fed up, refused to help.

The camel, who was terrified of getting it wrong, refused to help.

Can give clues to character, motivation or plot

Your Turn!