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Welcome to our new course…
GRAMATIKA ENGLESKOG JEZIKA 2
Now, let’s get on with our business…
EXERCIESES and some teeny-weeny bits of THEORYWhy theory?Because the lecture was a week ago.
ADJECTIVES AND THE AP
PRACTICE CLASS #12012-02-28
FUNCTION (syntactic function – their function in the sentence)
PARADIGM – adjectives can be compared
ADJECTIVE PHRASESgeneral characteristics
syntactic functions of adjectives
DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT FUNCTION = ATTRIBUTIVE FUNCTIONAdjective Phrase is a PART OF ANOTHER PHRASE, i.e. a part of the NP, its function is to modify the meaning of the HEAD NOUN.• Typically, an attributive adjective follows the determiner and precedes the noun: NP[a AP[very beautiful] painting] or NP[an AP[expensive] gift]• However, in some cases the adjective follows the HEAD NOUN: NP[somebody AP[important]] or NP[secretary AP[general]]
INDEPENDENT FUNCTION = PREDICATIVE FUNCTIONAdjective Phrase has an INDEPENDENT FUNCTION IN THE SENTENCE, i.e. it functions as s SENTENCE ELEMENT.Cs – subject complement: That painting is AP[very beautiful].Co – object complement: He made his parents AP[proud].
The policeman kicked the door AP[open].
ADJECTIVE PHRASE is a phrase which has an adjective as its head, but it need not only contain the head.
TWO TYPES of complex adjective phrases:◦ APs with PREMODIFICATION:
AP=Adj e.g. intelligentAP=Adv+Adj e.g. very intelligentAP=Adj+Adv e.g. intelligent enough, intelligent enough
◦ APs with COMPLEMENTATION:AP=Adj+PP e.g. intelligent beyond your expectationsAP=Adj+Clnon-fine.g. intelligent enough to quit that job
AP=Adj+Clfin e.g. certain that he will succeed
FORMS OF THE ADJECTIVE PHRASE
PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (a, b, c)
ADV HEAD
HEAD ADV Clause – non-finite
HEAD + Clause – non-finite = discontinuous AP
[ ][ ]
PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (d, e, f)
NO APs IN d) !!! Yippee!!!
HEAD
NO APs IN e) either!!! Yippee-ki-yay!!!
PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (g, h, i)
ADV HEAD PP
ADV HEAD PP
HEAD PP
PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (j)HEAD
ADV HEAD Clause-NF
PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (k,l,m)
ADV HEAD PP PP
HEAD Clause – non-finite
[ ][ ]
ADV HEAD Clause - finite
PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (n,o,q,r)
HEAD ADV Clause – non-finite
[ ][ ] ADV HEAD
ADV HEAD
ADV HEAD
PAGE 103 – exercise 2 (a-d)
predicative: Cs – subject complement
predicative: Co – object complement
attributive function – modifies SOMETHING
attributive function
attributive function
PAGE 103 – exercise 2 (e-h)
predicative: Cs – subject complement
attributive function
predicative: Co – object complement
attributive function
PAGE 105 – exercise 8TO
ABOUT
OF
WITH
ON/UPON
WITH
TO
TO
OF
ABOUT
AT / BY
FROM
PAGE 106 – exercise 9
I am certain that there will be no more wars.
We are not sure yet if / whether / that we will be able to come to the party.
It is essential that you have complete trust in us.
We are delighted that you have received us so magnificently.
PREMODIFYING POSITION = typical position of attributive adjectives in NPs
MANY ADJECTIVES CAN CO-OCCUR IN THIS POSITION
4. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES IN NPs4.1. Premodifying adjectives (pg. 95)
THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES IN THE PRMODIFYING POSITION IS FIXED.
WHAT IS THEIRRELATIVE ORDER?
PREMODIFYING ADJECTIVES
subjective measure
objective measure
general size shape age color participle origin material
modifying noun
Beautiful/interesting large round old red French wooden coffee table
PAGE 104 – exercise 5
a lovely red Japanese fountain-pen
a cheap flat black leather wallet
a small blue German hair-drier
a round white Italian china table-lamp
an awful Egyptian copper coffee-set
a peaceful little Belgian city
funny red nylon swimming-trunks
old red embroidered leather slippers
ADJ (subjective, objective (general, size, shape, age, color, participle, origin, material)), noun + HEAD NOUN
PAGE 105 – exercise 6
a responsible girl / the person responsible
…the students present…/ …those absent….
her late husband / …wasn’t conscious… / conscious effort
…all the people involved…/ involved inquiry
PAGE 103 – exercise 7
Is this an easy camera to use?
His was too strong an argument to be expressed in public.
It is big enough a house for two families to live in.
I need as big a table as possible.
THE ENDActually, to be continued…
