Grade 5 Unit 2: Verbs

Grade 5 Unit 2: Verbs

Table of Contents

Introduction 2

Objectives 2

Lesson 1: Tense and Aspect 3 Warm-up! 3 Learn About It! 4 Check Your Understanding 14 Let’s Step Up! 15

Lesson 2: Modals 16 Warm-up! 16 Learn About It! 16 Check Your Understanding 21 Let’s Step Up! 23

Performance Task 23

Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn? 25

Wrap Up 25

Bibliography 26

GRADE 5 | English UNIT 2

Verbs Verbs can show actions and suggest time and tone. In speaking or writing, it is important that you know than an event happened in the past, in the present, or in the future. It is also important that you know how to ask permission, say a request, or give an instruction. Verbs help you in communicating all of these. In this unit, you will learn about tenses of verbs and modals.

Objectives In this unit, you should be able to:

● determine the correct form and function of the verb in each tense and aspect; and ● use modal verbs in expressing request or asking permission.

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Lesson 1: Tense and Aspect

The previous lesson discussed ways on how to unlock meanings of unfamiliar words. This time, we will focus on verbs. Verbs give life to sentences and makes them colorful. Without them, we could not form proper sentences.

Warm-up!

What are the people doing in the picture? Could you construct a sentence for each picture?


Learn About It!

As you know, a sentence has a subject and a predicate. The subject is the doer of the action or the topic of the sentence.The predicate, on the other hand, is made up of the verb that tells what the subject does in the sentence. The subject can be singular which means one and it can also be plural which means more than one. Note how the following underlined verbs below agree with the subject in each sentence She runs really fast. S V Badong and Nonoy ask about the directions. S V We support the advocacy against illegal drugs. S V When studying verbs, it is important to be familiar with the tenses because they tell you when an action happened, when it happens , or will happen. There are three tenses:

● Past Tense ● Present Tense ● Future Tense

There are four aspects and each aspect has three tenses of the verb:

● Simple ● Perfect


● Progressive ● Perfect progressive

Simple Tenses a. Simple Past Tense This talks about a completed action in the recent or distant past.

1. Regular Verb To form the past tense of a regular verb, you simply add “-ed” or “-d” at the end of the verb. If the verb ends in a consonant and y, change y to i and add “-ed”. The following time markers are often used with the simple past tense: yesterday, last week/month/year.

Two days ago, I listened to my favorite songs. (listen + ed = listened)

Yesterday, Annie cleaned her room. (clean + ed = cleaned)

We practiced in preparation for the competition. (practice + d = practiced)

2. Irregular Verb To form the simple past tense of irregular verbs, you have to change the spelling of the verb.

I wrote something last night. Write (base form) - wrote (paste tense)

Geron went to the province last month for his vacation. go (base form) - went (past tense)


We spoke about saving the environment. speak (base form) - spoke (past tense)

b. Simple Present Tense This shows habits, unchanging or permanent situations, and general truths. You use the base form of the verb or add “-es” or “-s” to form the simple present tense. If the verb ends in a consonant and y, change y to i and add “-es”. Do not add “-es” or “-s” to the verb when the subject is plural. The following time markers are often used with the simple present tense: always and every day/week/month/year.

I listen to my favorite songs. (base form)

Annie cleans her room every day. (clean + s = cleans)

c. Simple Future Tense This tells an action that will happen or will not happen in the future. You form the simple future tense by placing will/shall before the base form of the verb. The following time markers are often used with the simple future tense: tomorrow, later, and next week/month/year.

I will listen to my favorite songs later. Will + listen (base form) = will listen

Annie will clean her room tomorrow. will + clean (base form) = will clean

Next week, we will practice in preparation for the competition. will + practice (base form) = will practice

You can refer to the illustration below to better understand simple tenses.


Perfect Tenses a. Past Perfect Tense This indicates that something started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past. You use the verb had and the past participle to form it. This means action A (past perfect tense) happened before action B.

Boyet had cleaned the house before his mother arrived. had + clean + ed = had cleaned

Mr. Giron had taught in UP before returning to his province.


had + taught (past participle) = had taught

b. Present Perfect Tense This is used for an action that began in the past, continues in the present, and may continue into the future. It is also used to indicate an action that happened before the present and the exact time is not important. Use have and the past participle of a verb to form the present perfect tense:

I have seen Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back several times. have (plural) + seen (past participle) = have seen

Have you watched that movie yet? have (singular) + watched (past participle) = have watched

Mr. Giron has gone to the province to spend his vacation. has (singular) + gone (past participle) = has gone

c. Future Perfect Tense This shows an action that will have been completed at some point in the future. You form it with will + have + the past participle of the verb.

Before the day ends, Annie will have cleaned her room. will + have + cleaned (past participle) = will have cleaned

By next week, we will have practiced in preparation for the competition. will + have + practiced (past participle) = will have practiced

Mr. Giron will have gone to the province by next month to spend his vacation. will + have + gone (past participle) = will have gone


You can refer to the illustration below to better understand perfect tenses.

Progressive Tenses a. Past Progressive Tense This describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and is still going on at some point in the past. You use the verbs was or were and the -ing form of the verb to form it.

She was doing her homework when her cousins arrived. was (singular) + do + ing = was doing


Annie was cleaning the house all day yesterday. was (singular) + clean + ing = was cleaning

We were practicing in the gymnasium last night. were (plural) + practice + ing = were practicing

b. Present Progressive Tense This indicates an action that is still in progress. You use the verbs is or are and the -ing form of the verb to form it.

I am listening to my favorite songs to remain focused. am (singular) + listen + ing = am listening

Annie is cleaning her room. is (singular) + clean + ing = is cleaning

We are practicing in preparation for the competition. are (plural) + practice + ing = are practicing

c. Future Progressive Tense This indicates a continuing action, something that will be happening or will be going on at some point in the future. This tense is formed with will + be + -ing form of the verb.

I will be studying my lessons later tonight. will + be + study + ing = will be studying

Before the day ends, Annie will be cleaning her room. will + be + clean + ing = will be cleaning

We will be practicing at 7 PM in preparation for the competition.


will + be + practice +ing = will be practicing

You can refer to the illustration below to better understand progressive tenses.

Perfect Progressive Tenses a. Past Perfect Progressive Tense This is used for actions that started at a time earlier than before the present. You are more interested in the process or the duration of the action. You use the verb had been and the -ing form of the verb.

I had been studying for hours when the electricity went out. had + been + study + ing = had been studying


For a month, we had been practicing in preparation for the competition next

week. had + been + practice + ing = had been practicing

Mr. Giron had been teaching for more than five years before he went back to the province.

had + been + teach + ing = had been teaching

b. Present Perfect Progressive Tense This indicates an action that has been finished at some point in the past or that was started in the past and continues to happen in the present. You are more interested in the process or the duration of the action. You use the verb has (singular) or have (plural) been and the -ing form of the verb to form the present perfect progressive tense.

We have been practicing for hours in preparation for the competition. have + been + practice + ing = have been practicing

We have been standing in line to buy tickets for the last couple of hours. have (plural) + been + stand + ing = have been standing

Mr. Giron has been teaching in the university since 1998. has (plural) + been + teach + ing = has been teaching

c. Future Perfect Progressive Tense This indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. You use will + have + been + the present participle of the verb (-ing form).

She will have been writing her novel by the time she turns 30. will + have + been + write +ing = will have been writing


Next year, I will have been studying in this school for five years. Will + have + been + study +ing = will have been studying

You can refer to the illustration below to better understand present progressive tenses.


Check Your Understanding

Identify the tense of the underlined verbs.

Verbs Tenses She has given the beggar some food. I shall give everyone copies of the song. Yesterday, my cousin gave me some apples. I was giving pieces of advice to the trainees. The teacher is giving them the list of requirements.

Complete the table below by providing the simple past, past perfect, past progressive

and past perfect progressive tenses. The first item is done for you.

Past Simple Perfect Progressive Perfect Progressive

1. pick picked had picked was picking had been picking 2. jump 3. walk 4. sleep 5. try

Write a sentence that shows examples of honesty. Use the tense and aspect of the verb assigned.

1. Present perfect ____________________________________________________________________________________________


2. Past progressive ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Simple past ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Present perfect progressive ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Future perfect ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Step Up!


Lesson 2: Modals

The previous lesson talked about the tenses and aspects of verbs. This time, we will discuss modals, which are also verbs.

Warm-up!

Read the sentences below: Compare the sentences in Set A to the sentences in Set B. Set A Set B

What time is it? Could you tell me what time it is? I will go to school tomorrow. I must go to school tomorrow. My cousin and I shall visit our grandparents this weekend.

My cousin and I might visit visit our grandparents this weekend.

Learn About It!

Modals are verbs that are used to indicate possibility and probability. You can also use modals to talk about your ability, to ask permission, to make requests and offers, and so on.


The modal verbs are:

can could may

must might should

a. Possibility Modals are used when there is a great chance that something may occur or be true.

Hershey might go there later.

James may go home late.

b. Probability Modals are used when something is most likely the result of an action.

It is past twelve midnight and I’m not yet home. Mom must be worried.

In the usual event, a child must be home early. The mother of the subject, I, is most likely worried.

You are working all night for this. You must be very sleepy.

The condition of having worked all night is tiresome. In this case, someone is most likely needing some rest. must have - for the past

It was past twelve o’clock when dad came home. He must have been hungry.


You were working all night. You must have been very tired.

Should - to suggest that something is true

Ask Kevin. He should know.

Kevin perhaps has the experience or knowledge on something. It is likely that Kevin knows.

It's nearly five o'clock. They should finish soon.

Five o’clock is the expected time for them to finish. should have - to talk about the past

I should have talked to him when I had the chance.

C. Ability Modals are used to express the things a person can do (talent or skill).

Danny can sing well.

Can is used to show that Danny has a skill or talent that not everyone can do.

Paul can swim like a pro.

Maybe a lot of us can swim but not like Paul. He swims like a professional swimmer although he is not. could - to talk about past time


When I was a kid, I could sing well.

Could as a past tense of can is used to express a skill in the past. Most skills can be lost if not enhanced.

During his college days, Paul could swim like a pro.

Paul is being recalled as a good swimmer during his college days. could have - to say that someone had the ability/opportunity to do something, but did not do it.

I could have sang well, but I didn’t have time to practice.

There was an opportunity for the subject, I, to be a good singer, but that didn’t happen because she didn’t have time to improve it by practicing.

Paul could have swam like a pro but he quit.

Like the first example, there was an opportunity for the subject, Paul, to be a pro-like swimmer but that didn’t happen because he didn’t continue practicing. d. Permission Modals are used when a person asks for permission.

Can I ask something, please?

The subject, I, wishes to ask something so he / she asks for it to be allowed.

Can we eat our packed lunch now?


The subject, we, is asking permission to eat their packed lunch. Take note that could or may is more formal and polite than can.

May I ask something, please?

Could we eat our packed lunch now?

e. Instructions and Requests Modals are used to give details on how to do something or ask for a favor from someone to do something for you.

I don’t know the place, could you take me there please?

I don’t know the place, can you take me there please?

The sentences above express the request of the subject I who does not know the place. f. Suggestions and Advice Modals are used when you share your knowledge or give your opinion on something.

The participants should send an email to confirm their attendance.

We could meet at the mall near you.

g. Offers and Invitations Modals are used when you want to offer something to someone or invite someone to do something.


How can I help you?

I can do that for you if you like.

We must meet again soon.

h. Obligation and Necessity Modals are used when expressing an action that someone must do.

You must stop at a red light.

Everyone must bring something to eat.

We use had to for this if we are talking about the past:

Everyone had to bring something to eat.

We could wear what we liked, but we had to look neat and tidy.


Check Your Understanding

Underline the correct modal to complete each sentence.

1. You (should, can, may) listen especially when I’m telling you something Important.

2. (Can, May , Should) you play the guitar? 3. She has not traveled anywhere for the past two years. She (must, can, may) be longing for some adventure. 4. Suzy (had to, must, will) go to the hospital last Monday. 5. Take your umbrella because it (should, can, may) rain later.

Underline the modal verb in each sentence. 1. He must study tonight. 2. We can definitely win the championship game. 3. I can speak English. 4. You should review your lessons. 5. May I sit down now?

Write sentences using modal verbs. 1. Making a request __________________________________________________________________________ 2. More polite way of asking permission __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Offering help to an old lady __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Presenting your ability __________________________________________________________________________


5. Knowing your obligation __________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Step Up!


Performance Task Goal: Your task is to create a shampoo commercial for a famous shampoo brand. Role: You are the writer and director of a shampoo

commercial.

Audience: Your audience are people of all ages who may want to try the shampoo. Situation: The challenge is to to create an effective commercial

which will attract buyers. Product / Performance and Purpose: 1. Form a group with five members. 2. Brainstorm for a possible script of a shampoo commercial with your group. You should use at least ten verbs in your commercials. 3. Write the script. 4. Act out the script. Standards and criteria for success: Your work will be judged based on the following rubric:

Criteria Beginning (0-12 points)

Developing (13-16 points)

Accomplished (17-20 points)

Score

Content (Focus on details/events are clearly evident; it is clearly related to the topic.)

Organization (Logical progression of details/events; clear


transitions between ideas.)

Language (spelling, mechanics, grammar and usage)

Correct use of verbs 1-2 verbs used correctly

3-7 verbs used correctly

8-10 verbs used correctly

Creativity has little to no creativity

slightly creative Very creative

TOTAL SCORE:

Self-Check: How Well Did I Learn? Do a self-check on how well you learned the lessons in this unit. Place a checkmark in the appropriate box.

Skills I think I need more

practice and assistance

I am familiar and can perform well

with minimal assistance

I am confident that I can perform this on

my own

I can determine the correct form and function of of the verb in each tense and aspect.

I can use modal verbs in expressing request or asking permission.


Wrap Up

Bibliography

“Verb Tenses” . ENGLISH PAGE - Verb Tenses . Accessed January 24, 2018 https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html

“Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Voice”. Bright Hub Education . Accessed January 24, 2018. http://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/39260-the-english-verb-system-for-esl-students/

Recommended Links for This Unit: “How Many Verb Tenses are there in English? - Anna Ananichuk . TED-Ed. Accessed January 24,

2018. https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-many-verb-tenses-are-there-in-english-anna-ananichuk

“An Introduction to Verb Tenses”. VOA news. Accessed January 24, 2018

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/introduction-to-verb-tenses-everyday-grammar/3123576.html


http://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/39260-the-english-verb-system-for-esl-students/

http://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/39260-the-english-verb-system-for-esl-students/



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Grade 5 Unit 2: Verbs