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Theory of Music
Fourth Grade (Lessons 6-7)
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Semitone and Tone
A semitone is the distance from one key to the
very next (black or white).
A tone is the distance from one key to the next
with a black or white key in between
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Example of Tones and Semitones
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Chromatic Semitone
A chromatic semitone is one in which both notes
making the semitone have the same letter name.
Example: CC sharp, E flat E, F sharpF
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Diatonic Semitone A diatonic semitone is one in which both
notes
making the semitone have different letter names.
Example: DC sharp, EF, GA flat
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Chromatic and Diatonic Semitone Summary
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Types of Accidentals
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Double Sharp and Double Flat
Double sharp raises a note by a tone.
Double flat lowers a note by a tone.
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Sharps, Flats & Naturals
DOUBLESHARPS ANDDOUBLE FLATS
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Sharps, Flats & Naturals
Sharp raises a note by a semitone.
Flat lowers a note by a semitone.
Natural cancels a sharp or flat.
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Augmented Intervals
Double sharps and double flats are often needed
to make intervals larger or smaller.
An augmented interval is one semitone larger
than a major or perfect.
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Augmented Intervals
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Diminished Intervals
A diminished interval is one semitone smaller
than a minor or perfect.
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Augmented and Diminished
Intervals Summary
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Exercise 1
Write a diminished 5th above B flat in treble.
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Exercise 2
Write a augmented 4th above F in treble.
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Exercise 3
Write a diminished 6th above E in treble.
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Exercise 4
Write a augmented 3rd above A flat in bass.
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Exercise 5
Write a minor 7th above B in bass.
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Exercise 6
Write a diminished 8ve above E in bass.
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Exercise 7
Write a diminished 3rd above C in treble.
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Exercise 8
Write a augmented 7th above A in treble.
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Exercise 9
Write a diminished 5th above E flat in treble.
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Exercise 10
Write a augmented 3rd above B in treble.
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Inversion of Intervals
To invert an interval is to turn it upside down so
that the top and bottom notes change places.
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Intervals Inverted
Major intervals inverted become minor.
Minor intervals inverted become major.
Perfect intervals inverted remain perfect.
Augmented intervals inverted become diminished.
Diminished intervals inverted become augmented.
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Exercise 1
A minor 6th inverted becomes what?
A perfect 4th
inverted becomes what? A major 2nd inverted becomes what?
An augmented 5th inverted becomes what?
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Exercise 2
Write a perfect 5th above G in treble followed by
its inversion.
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Exercise 3
Write a minor 3rd above E in treble followed by
its inversion.
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Exercise 4
Write a augmented 4th above A flat in treble
followed by its inversion.
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Exercise 5
Write a diminished 8ve above D in treble
followed by its inversion.
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Write V-I in C minor
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Write IV-I in B flat major
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Write II-V in G major
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Write IV-V in D minor
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Write VI-V in E major
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Write V-VI in A flat major
