Gps Radian Sokkia

Tplljb

GPS Receiver SystemRADIANIS

Operations Manual

Part Number 750-1-0069 Rev 1

Copyright Notice 2000 POINT, Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication or the equipment described in it may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Point, Inc. Your rights with regard to this publication and the equipment are subject to the restrictions and limitations imposed by the copyright laws of the United States of America (U.S.A.) and/or the jurisdiction in which you are located.

Trademark NoticeSokkia is a trademark of SokkiBook are registered trademarksInc. All other product and branof their respective holders.

FCC NoticeThe equipment described in thithe FCC Rules and found to comuse in commercial business, andthe following two conditions: (1and (2) this device must accept that may cause undesired operaable protection against harmfulcommercial environment. The efrequency energy and, if not insmanual, may cause harmful inttion of this equipment in a residin which case the user will be reexpense.

If this equipment does cause incan be determined by turning thinterference by one or more of t Reorient the receiving ante Relocate the receiver relati Power the equipment from

and the interfered equipmcontact our customer serviadditional advice.

CE NoticeWarning: This is a Class A prodcause radio interference in whicmeasures.

Printed on recycled paper. Part# 750-1-0069 Rev 100-00015-12a Co. Ltd. Spectrum, SDR and Electronic Field of POINT, Inc. Radian is a trademark of POINT, d names are trademarks or registered trademarks

s manual has been tested pursuant to Part 15 of ply with the limits for a Class A digital device for industrial environments. Operation is subject to ) this device may not cause harmful interference, any interference received, including interference tion. These limits are designed to provide reason-

interference when the equipment is operated in a quipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio talled and used in accordance with the instruction erference to radio and television reception. Opera-ential area is likely to cause harmful interference quired to correct the interference at his own

terference to radio or television reception, which e equipment off and on, you can try to correct the

he following measures:nna.ve to the equipment which it interferes. a different AC receptacle so that this equipment

ent are on different branch circuits. If necessary, ce department or an authorized representative for

uct. In domestic environments this product may h case the user may be required to take adequate

RADIANIS

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 What is the Ra1.2 Ports and Icons1.3 Features ..........1.4 Where to Find 1.5 Obtaining Tech1.6 Notes, Caution1.7 Radian IS Usag

Chapter 2 Settin

2.1 Getting Started2.1.1 Setting 2.1.2 Setting

Chapter 3 Radia

3.1 Enclosure Feat3.2 Access Door ...

3.2.1 Opening3.2.2 Data ca3.2.3 Battery.

3.3 Ports...............3.3.1 Power p3.3.2 Commu

3.4 Wireless Comm3.5 GPS Antenna ..3.6 Display Panel.. i

dian IS?....................................................... 1....................................................................... 2........................................................................ 3Information..................................................... 6nical Assistance ............................................. 6s, and Warnings .............................................. 8e Cautions ...................................................... 9

g-Up The Radian IS 10

...................................................................... 10up at the office .............................................. 10up in the field................................................ 11

n IS Components 15

ure Overview ................................................ 15...................................................................... 17 and closing the access door ........................ 18

rd ................................................................... 18...................................................................... 20....................................................................... 22ort and power input...................................... 24nications ports and power output ................. 24unications.................................................... 25

...................................................................... 25

...................................................................... 26

ii

Contents

Chapter 4 Using the Radian IS 28

4.1 Power Supply and Control.................................................... 284.1.1 Turn system on.......................................................... 284.1.2 System inactivity ....................................................... 284.1.3 Scheduled session ..................................................... 294.1.4 Data logging interruption .......................................... 294.1.5 Power s4.1.6 Power c4.1.7 Insuffic

4.2 Display Panel O4.2.1 Power b4.2.2 Audible4.2.3 Gauges

4.3 Internal Status 4.3.1 Data ca4.3.2 Battery

4.4 General Operat4.5 Data Collection

4.5.1 Collecti4.5.2 Definin4.5.3 Data fil4.5.4 Data sto4.5.5 Resettin

Appendix A Radia

Glossary

IndexRADIANIS

ource ............................................................. 29onsumption................................................... 30ient power ..................................................... 31

perations ..................................................... 31utton ............................................................. 31 annunciator .................................................. 33....................................................................... 34Indicators ...................................................... 38rd indicator .................................................... 39indicator........................................................ 39ions ............................................................... 39 Fundamentals.............................................. 42

ng data .......................................................... 42g data to be collected..................................... 45e naming........................................................ 48rage requirements......................................... 50g the receiver ................................................ 50

n IS Specifications 51

55

63

RADIANIS

Figures

1 Illustration of typical static setup ......................................... 11

2 Illustration of typ

3 Illustration of ve

4 Illustration of typ

5 Ports and single

6 Mounting socket

7 Display panel an

8 Access door open

9 Access door close

10 Ports ....................

11 Antenna .............

12 Panel display .....

13 Data card indicat

14 Battery indicator

15 Radian IS genera iii

ical base setup .......................................... 12

hicle setup .................................................. 13

ical RTK rover setup ............................... 14

access door ................................................. 15

..................................................................... 16

d antenna ................................................... 16

.................................................................... 17

d and open ................................................ 18

...................................................................... 23

...................................................................... 26

...................................................................... 27

or ................................................................. 39

..................................................................... 39

l operations ................................................ 41

RADIANIS

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 What is the Radian IS?Welcome to the Radiaprovide you with com(integrated system) a

The Sokkia Radian ISpost-processing, duaThe Radian IS is the n

One exciting charactefeatures a more powepower. As well, the nantenna, data memorrugged component. Imeans you will have

Wireless data transmwith the Radian IS. Tthe data collector thrunique characteristicin conventional GPS

Surveyors can use thcontrol surveys. As wreceiver will help redeliminates the limitatrequiring line of sigh

The Radian IS is usedand it uses proven PAtechnology, combined 1

n IS Operations Manual. This manual will plete information about your Radian IS

nd its function.

is a state-of-the-art, real-time kinematic, l-frequency, survey-grade GPS solution. ext generation of Radian receiver!

ristic of the new Radian IS is that it rful GPS engine, yet it uses very little ew Radian IS integrates the receiver, y and batteries into one lightweight and ntegrating the components of the system fewer cables to connect.

ission is another exciting feature offered ransferring your data from the receiver to ough a wireless communications port is a that eliminates troublesome cables found surveying systems.

e Radian IS for topographic stake-out and ell, the innovative design of the Radian IS uce the man-power necessary because it ions of traditional survey methods such as t between points.

for RTK or post processing applications, C (Pulse Aperture Correlator) with a powerful 32-bit microprocessor.

2Chapter 1 Introduction

Excellent acquisition and re-acquisition times means this receiver will operate in environments where signal obstructions are present and frequent interruption of signals can be expected.

The Radian IS features a rugged, reliable design for use in adverse environments, and it will provide years of reliable operation.

Use the Radian IS ha

Radian IS desktop soRadian IS receiver. Wcomplete solution thatechnology, and an in

1.2 Ports and Ico

This icon is the the handheld coRadian IS receivreferred to in th

This icon is theidentifies the rathe Radian IS realso referred to

This icon is a sythe power port radio communidocument as PW

This icon is theidentifies the lopanel of the RaRADIANIS

ndheld component (SDR Level 5) and the

ftware (Spectrum Survey Suite) with the hen used together, you will have a t provides powerful state-of-the-art tuitive, easy-to-use GPS system.

ns

symbol for communications and identifies mmunications port on the side of the er. The communications port is also is document as COM1.

symbol for radio transmission and dio communications port on the side of ceiver. The radio communications port is

in this document as COM2.

mbol for supplied-power and identifies on the side of the Radian IS receiver. The cations port is also referred to in this

R.

symbol for the power button and cation of the power button on the display dian IS receiver.

Introduction Chapter 1

RADIANIS

This icon is a symbol for battery and identifies the gauge that displays the battery life as well as the battery status indicator. This icon is located on the front display panel of the Radian IS receiver and inside your Radian IS access door.

This icon is a symbol for satellite and identifies the gauge that displays if you have achieved satellite lock. This icon is located on threceiver.

This icon is a sygauge that dispon your data caThis icon is locaRadian IS receiv

This icon is a sythe period of copost-processingpanel of the Ra

1.3 Features

The Radian IS is capaoperation:

Position and obs

Navigation infor

Transmit RTK da

Receive RTK dat

DGPS (< 1m (< 3

The Radian IS featureinformation, see App 3

e front display panel of the Radian IS

mbol for data card and identifies the lays the amount of free space remaining rd as well as the data card status indicator. ted on the front display panel of the er and inside your Radian IS access door.

mbol for occupation time and identifies ntinuous data of sufficient quality for . This icon is located on the front display

dian IS receiver.

ble of the following positioning modes of

ervation information

mation

ta

a (2 cm (0.8 in) positioning)

.28 ft)) transmit and receive

s are summarized in Table 1. For detailed endix A, Radian IS Specifications.


Table 1: Feature Summary

Radian IS Features

General

Rugged shock resistant, water proof (when access door is closed securely), buoyant enclosure

Wireless controller interface

L1/L2 GPS technology (L1 C

Capability to log data to a rem

Low power consumption (4 W

Scheduled data collection forbetween scheduled data coll

Patented PAC (Pulse Aper

Two bi-directional serial portsup to 115200 bps (bits per se

Pseudorange measurements

Full-wavelength L1 and L2 ca

Ionospheric corrections in po

2.5-bit sampling

5 Input / Output strobe signaloutput, programmable variab

Fast re-acquisition

Peripheral power supply outp

Proprietary ASCII and binary

CMR Standard

NMEA Standard

RINEX Standard

RTCM Standard: Types 1,2,3

RTCA Standard: Types 1,7

Da

Computed Data: Position, sp

Measured Data (ObservationRADIANIS

hannels (C/A code) & L2 Channels (P code))

ovable data card (CompactFlash card)

typical)

when user interaction is not required (low power off mode ection sessions)

ture Correlator) technology

that have power/data support and can transfer data at rates cond)

rrier measurements

sition calculations

s: mark input (position & time), 1PPS timing output, measure le-frequency output, solution status output

ut COM1 and COM2

Output Data Log Formats

,9,16,18/19,59N

ta Logging Rates (per second)

eed, direction, & clock offset = 10

s): Pseudorange & carrier phase = 10


RADIANIS

Note: Specificatio

Receiver Control

Clock drift correction

Ability to save receiver configuration settings, & almanac

Reset (hardware or software activated)

Serial port control

Datum (table or user-definab

Magnetic variation correction

Undulation (table or user-def

Position, height & velocity co

Satellite lockout, elevation cu

Radian IS Features 5

ns are subject to change without notice.

le)

inable)

nstraints

t-off and health control


1.4 Where to Find Information

This manual provides sufficient information to allow you to effectively use the Radian IS. In addition to this manual, several other forms of documentation serve as supporting documents.

Radian IS Jump Start. This document provides general Radian IS setup pshould be able toIS.

Radian IS Quiproviding quickin the field.

Radian IS Advhttp:\\www.sokavailable in electRadian IS cable adocument contai

Planning Refereuse Planning softavailability as wesetting schedules

Spectrum Survdocument providadjusting your co

SDR Level 5 Uprovide informat

1.5 Obtaining TeWhen contacting cus

the firmware ver

a concise descripRADIANIS

rocedures. Using this document, you correctly and quickly setup your Radian

ck Reference Card. This card is a guide information on running the equipment

anced Reference Materials. Located as kia.com\support. This document,

ronic copy over the Internet, lists the nd pinout specifications. As well, this ns an advanced glossary of definitions.nce Manual. This document shows how to ware to help determine satellite ll as information for understanding and and configurations for Radian IS.

ey Suite Reference Manual.This es information for processing and llected data.

ser/Reference Manuals. These documents ion for using the SDR Level 5 software.

chnical Assistance

tomer support, have available:

sion number

tion of the problem


RADIANIS

Technical support for this product is available from the distributor where you purchased it. You also may contact one of the Sokkia subsidiaries listed below.

EuropeSokkia B.V.Businesspark De VaartDamsluisweg 1, 1332 EA AlmereP.O. Box 1292, 1300 BGThe NetherlandsPhone 036-53-22-880Fax 036-53-26-241

New ZealandSokkia New Zealand20 Constellation DriveMairangi Bay, AucklanC.P.O. Box 4464Auckland, New ZealanPhone 64-9-479-3064Fax 64-9-79-3066

Central & South AmerSokkia Central & South1200 NW 78 Avenue, SuMiami, FL, USA 33126Phone 1-305-599-4701Fax 1-305-599-4703

USASokkia Corporation16900 W 118th TerrOlathe, KS, USA 66061Phone 1-800-257-2552Fax 1-913-492-0188

Canada1050 Stacey CourtMississauga, OntarioL4W 2X8 CanadaPhone 1-905-238-5810Fax 1-905-238-9383

AustraliaSokkia Pty. Ltd.Rydalmere Metro CentreUnit 29,38-46 South Street 7

Almere

d 10

d

ica Americaite 109

Rydalmere NSW 2116AustraliaPhone 61-2-9638-0055Fax 61-2-9638-3933

U.K.Sokkia LtdElectra WayCrewe Business ParkCrewe, Cheshire, CW1 1ZTUnited KingdomPhone 01270-250525Fax 01270-250533

Africa265 Von Willich Ave.Centurion, 0157Republic of South AfricaPhone 27 12 6637999Fax 27 12 6637998

AsiaSokkia Singapore Pte. Ltd.401 Commonwealth Drive#06-01 Haw Par TechnocentreSingapore 149598Phone 65-479-3966Fax 65-479-4966


1.6 Notes, Cautions, and WarningsNotes, Cautions, and Warnings stress important information regarding the installation, configuration, and operation of the Radian IS receiver.

Note: Notes outline important information of a general nature.

Cautions inform of pthat may cause dam

Warnings inform of RADIANIS

CAUTION

ossible sources of difficulty or situations age to the product.

WARNING

situations that may cause you harm.


RADIANIS

1.7 Radian IS Usage Cautions

CAUTION

This device incorporates circuitry to absorb most static discharges. However, severe static shock may cause inaccurate operation of the unit. Use anti-static precautions where possible.

This device is a precision instrument. Although it is designed for rugged operating conditions, it performs best when handled with care.

When the access cthe port covers arprotection againsminimize the posdoor closed and lbatteries and keep

Do not eject the dyou may lose par

The Radian IS can+9 to +18 V DC. Tproducts with whRadian IS outside

Drawing more thcombined total) frfuse to interrupt treduce the load aprotection circuitr

We recommend thvehicle. 9

over for Radian IS is closed and latched, and e closed, the enclosure is sealed to provide t adverse environmental conditions. To sibility of damage, always keep the access atched except when exchanging data cards or the ports covered except when in use.

ata card while the Radian IS is logging data, or t of, or your entire, data file. accept an input supply voltage in the range his may not be the same range as other Sokkia ich you are familiar. Do not operate the the specified voltage range.an the specified maximum current (1 amp om the two COM ports will cause an internal he current. If this happens, immediately nd allow the unit to automatically reset its y.at you do not use the Radian IS on a moving

RADIANIS

Chapter 2 Setting-Up The Radian IS

2.1 Getting StartedSetting up the Radianyou are in the field (c(configuring the Radyour PC for post-pro

2.1.1 Setting up atFor information on serefer to the setup step

A typical Radian IS sconnected to the Radpowering the Radianschedule on the Raditransfer collected dat

Perform the followin

1. Place the Radiansurface.

2. Using the PC DaRadian IS.

3. If not already insbatteries to the in

See Section 1.7, Radof items you shouldRadian IS. 10

IS is a straightforward process, whether ollecting data) or back at the office ian IS, or transferring collected data to cessing).

the officetting up your rover or base Radian IS, s in your Radian IS Jump Start.

etup at the office may be when the PC is ian IS COM1 port and internal batteries are IS. An office setup can be used to load a an IS using Planning software, or to a from the Radian IS to a PC.

g steps to setup Radian IS in the office:

IS on a desk or other suitable work

ta cable, connect the PC to COM1 on the

talled, connect the Radian IS internal ternal battery connectors.

CAUTION

ian IS Usage Cautions, on Page 9 for a list be aware of as you set up and use the

Setting-Up The Radian IS Chapter 2

RADIANIS

4. Turn on the Radian IS.

5. Communicate with the Radian IS, using the Planning software (Refer to your Planning Reference Manual), to setup configurations or setup a data-collection schedule. Use any Sokkia software to transfer data to the PC (For example, Spectrum Survey).

The sections of Chapter 3, Radian IS Components, give further details on Steps two Radian IS, will discu

2.1.2 Setting up inThe Radian IS can bebase or rover. This seequipment and setupinformation on settinrefer to the setup step

2.1.2.1 Typical sta

For static survey, the on a traditional tripois operated using thethrough a wireless orusing internal batteri

Figure 1: Il 11

and three, while Chapter 4, Using the ss Step four.

the field used for static or kinematic survey, as a ction will give an overview of the for typical uses of the system, but for g up your Radian IS for field operations, s in your Radian IS Jump Start.

tic setup

Radian IS is put on a fixed height tripod or d with a tribrach and adapter. The system power switch or using a handheld cable connection. The system is powered es or optionally a larger external battery.

lustration of typical static setup

12


2.1.2.2 Typical base setup

An RTK base station setup will typically consist of a standard wood tripod or fixed height aluminum GPS tripod, Radian IS receiver, PDL radio/modem, radio antenna mount/cable, and antenna and radio antenna mounting bracket. The base system is typically powered by a large external battery (SLA battery) that powers both the radio and the Radian IS. Typically the base radio will hook onto the ground.

Figure 2: Il

2.1.2.3 Vehicle bas

Radian IS may be moTypically the Radian onto magnetic mounRadian IS may be povehicle.

While it is convenienvehicle for the base stinto and out of the veconditions can causewhich will translate trover's location. OnlyRADIANIS

the tripod and the base battery will sit on

lustration of typical base setup

e setup

unted on a vehicle and used as a base. IS and the radio antenna may be screwed ts attached to the roof of a vehicle. The wered through the cigarette lighter in the

t to use your Radian IS mounted to a ation, small movements caused by getting hicle, as well as wind and terrain

small or very slow movements to occur, o an error of equal proportion at the mount your Radian IS on your vehicle if

+-

Setting-Up The Radian IS Chapter 2

RADIANIS

you know that you will not be getting in and out of your vehicle, or if the small amount of error caused is acceptable for your purposes.

For a base configuration, you must not move the vehicle during operations.

Figure 3

2.1.2.4 Typical rov

A typical rover RTK radio/modem, whipbracket and controlleon the top of the polethe mid-section of th

We recommend thamoving vehicle. 13

: Illustration of vehicle setup

er setup

setup consists of an adjustable pole, a PDL antenna, Radian IS receiver, controller r.Typically the PDL and Radian IS mount and the handheld bracket will attach near e pole with the handheld controller

CAUTION

t you do not use the Radian IS on a

14


attached. If the system is to remain standing, a bipod can be attached to the pole. The typical rover setup would not require the use of a backpack.

Figure 4: IllusRADIANIS

tration of typical RTK rover setup

RADIANIS

Chapter 3 Radian IS Components

The Radian IS enclosure houses your systems antenna, power supply, memory and GPS card. By incorporating these components into a siwhen using the syste

3.1 Enclosure Fe

The Radian IS encloseasy access to the baton the access door, se

As well, three ports, attached covers, are amore information on22.

Refer to Figure 5 for with covers attached

Figure 5: 15

ngle unit, a backpack is no longer needed m.

ature Overviewure has a single access door, providing teries and data card. For more information e Section 3.2, Access Door, on Page 17.

featuring easy-to-open, permanently ccessible from the side of the unit. For

the ports, see Section 3.3, Ports, on Page

a view of the access door and the ports .

Ports and single access door

16


The underside of the Radian IS enclosure has a standard 5/8 mounting socket for mounting the Radian IS on a tripod or survey pole. Refer to Figure 6 for a view of the mounting socket.

Fig

The top of the Radiana brightly colored rubantenna, see Section

The side of the Radiaturn on and monitor the status of your sysFor more informationDisplay Panel, on Pag

Refer to Figure 7 for

Figure 7RADIANIS

ure 6: Mounting socket

IS is the antenna, and it is surrounded by ber bumper. For more information on the

3.5, GPS Antenna, on Page 25.

n IS has a display panel that enables you to the system. Brightly colored LEDs display tem and alert you to errors when possible. on the display panel, see Section 3.6,

e 26.

a view of the antenna and display panel.

: Display panel and antenna

Radian IS Components Chapter 3

RADIANIS

3.2 Access Door

The Radian IS access door provides easy accessibility, without the use of tools, to the data card and batteries. For information on inserting and removing the data card and batteries, see Section 3.2.2.1, Inserting and removing the data card, on Page 19 and Section 3.2.3.1, Inserting and removing the battery, Page 21. As well, three status indicators providing information about the internal batteries andcompartment (See Se38). Refer to Figure 8compartment.

Fig

# Description1 Battery A stat2 Battery B stat3 Data card eje4 Data card sta

13

8 17

data card are visible from inside this ction 4.3, Internal Status Indicators, on Page for a view of the access door and

ure 8: Access door open

# Descriptionus indicator 5 Battery clip and releaseus indicator 6 Access doorct 7 Latch releasetus indicator 8 Access door handle

6

2

7

45

18


3.2.1 Opening and closing the access doorTo open the access door, simply press down on the grey latch release and let go. The access door will spring open. Lift up on the access door handle to gain access to the two battery compartments and the data card compartment. You now have full access to the Radian IS internal batteries and data card.

To close the access doits closed position. Inaccess door handle inaccess door opening.the space on the outsclick. Your Radian IS and data card are sea

Figure 9 shows the Rposition.

Figure 9:

3.2.2 Data cardData can be stored oncard which you can aThe need for a compaunnecessary when cobecause the Radian Ipre-configured paramSection 4.5.2.2, UsingIn applications whenthe data collector canRADIANIS

or, use the handle to lift the door back to sert the lip of the connector end of the to the slot at the top of the Radian IS

Push the access door handle down into ide of the access door until you hear a access door is now closed and the batteries led into the waterproof compartment.

adian IS access door in its closed and open

Access door closed and open

a CompactFlash data card; a memory ccess, exchange and replace when needed. nion handheld data collector is ntinuous user interaction is not required

S is capable of collecting data according to eters without any user intervention (see

the POWERUP configuration, on Page 47). continuous user interaction is required, be used with Radian IS.


RADIANIS

The access door on the Radian IS provides a dust and waterproof seal around the data card compartment (see Section 3.2, Access Door, on Page 17). The access door handle must be secured snugly in order for the access door to seal properly. When the access door is closed and secured, the enclosure is sealed to provide protection against adverse environmental conditions.

The socket on the Radata card. Only 5 V csupported.

Data cards can be swthat data logging is ncard status, refer to S

The Radian IS is suppyou have the flexibilistorage capacity thatbased on the selectedbeen tested with SanMB, 40 MB and 80 M

3.2.2.1 Inserting a

When the access doothe data card comparsee Section 3.2, Acces

To insert the data carface-up, and the cardinto the slot. When thplace, the eject button

To minimize the poaccess door closed data cards or intern 19

dian IS accommodates one CompactFlash ompliant CompactFlash modules are

apped while the Radian IS is on, providing ot in progress. For information on data ection 4.3.1, Data card indicator, Page 39.

lied with a CompactFlash data card, but ty of choosing the data card with the is the most appropriate for your needs, data collection rate. The Radian IS has Disk ATA-Type CompactFlash 8 MB, 20 B data cards.

nd removing the data card

r is open, you have unobstructed access to tment. For a view of the open access door, s Door, on Page 17.

d, ensure that the logo side of the card is is correctly aligned before gently sliding it e card slides all the way in and locks in , located to the left side of the data card

WARNING

ssibility of damage, always keep the and secured except when exchanging al batteries.

20


compartment, will extend. If you attempt to insert the card incorrectly, the card will not go all the way in, and the eject button will not extend. In this case, do not force the card! Remove it, orient it properly, and then re-insert it. After the card is locked in place, close the access door.

To remove the data card, open the Radian IS access door to gain access to the card. When the door is open, you will see an eject button to the left of thpartially eject the carway out.

The data collection mendure power interruwith minimum loss ominutes of data (priopossible, error messathey arise.

3.2.3 BatteryThe Radian IS incorpbatteries (or equivale

While one of the intethe non-active interndisrupting operationinserting and removiand removing the batte

Ejecting the data carcause data to be lostcompartment is flasrecorded to the cardhowever, it is not neinserting or extractinRADIANIS

e card. You must push this button to d; then grasp the card and pull it all the

echanism is designed to be robust and to ptions (and similar disruptive events) f data. In these situations, less than 5 r to the disruptive event) are lost. When ges are generated to identify problems as

orates two internal Sokkia BDC46 Li-Ion nt).

rnal batteries is powering the Radian IS, al battery can be replaced without of the Radian IS. For information on ng a battery, see Section 3.2.3.1, Inserting ry, on Page 21.

CAUTION

d during a data-recording session will . If the memory LED inside the hing, you know that data is being . When no data is being recorded, cessary to turn the Radian IS off before g a data card.


RADIANIS

The battery located in position A of the battery compartment in the Radian IS is always discharged first before the system will switch to the power supplied by the battery located in position B. Each battery compartment has an associated LED light that indicates if the battery in that compartment is in use (green blinking LED). If the battery is not in use, or the battery is drained, the LED will not illuminate or blink. For more information see Section 4.3.2, Battery indicator, on Page 39.

Note: Before placbattery charger tRadian IS assumbattery compartmfully charged whpanel of the Radiincorrectly.

To recharge an internRadian IS. Follow thecharger.

If you connect the Raas a battery or electribe terminated (dead IS will switch to inter

3.2.3.1 Inserting a

When the access doothe internal battery caccess door, see Secti

To insert a battery intcompartments are locinternal batteries. Betbattery clips that holdcompartments. For aAccess door open, on P 21

ing a battery into the Radian IS, use your o ensure that it is fully charged. The es that when you install a battery into the

ent, it is fully charged. If the battery is not en inserted, the battery gauge on the front an IS will report the battery status

al battery, remove it from within the instructions provided with your battery

dian IS to an external power source such cal outlet, the external power input must battery or power failure) before the Radian nal battery power.

nd removing the battery

r is open, you have unobstructed access to ompartments. For a view of the open on 3.2, Access Door, on Page 17.

o the Radian IS, open the access door. Two ated within the Radian IS for housing ween the two compartments are two the batteries into place within their

view of the battery clips, see Figure 8, age 17.

22


Hold the internal battery curved-side down and with the back of the battery facing the back of the battery compartment (the end of the battery with the metal connectors is the back). Slide the battery into its compartment. When the battery is securely in place, the battery clip will click into place. If you attempt to insert the battery incorrectly, the battery will not go all the way in, and the battery clip will not click. In this case, do not force the battery! Remove it, orient it properly, and then re-insert it. After the battery is lo

To remove the batterlocate the two batterycompartments. Pushwish to remove, awaout of the battery comthe battery and pull i

Note: Ensure thabattery you wishsame time, you w

For a graphical repreRadian IS Jump Start f

3.3 Ports

The Radian IS featurecommunication portsenclosure and are prounless the port is in uthe Radian IS enclosu

The Radian IS ports ecommunication withRADIANIS

cked in place, close the access door.

y, open the Radian IS access door and clips between the two battery

the battery clip, holding the battery you y from the battery. The battery will spring

partment enough to enable you to grasp t all the way out.

t you only push the clip that is holding the to remove. If you squeeze both clips at the ill not be able to remove either battery.

sentation of this process, refer to your or instructions.

s an external power port and two . All ports are located on the side of the tected by covers that should not be open

se. The covers are permanently attached to re.

nable input and output power as well as the system.


RADIANIS

All ports are labeled with icons and text for easy identification. The following is an illustration of the ports and the labeling:

Each Radian IS cablebe inserted in only onRadian IS and the cabare used to mate the mechanism that requObserve the followin

To insert a cable,appropriate cablecable has a differcable).

Line up the red dindex mark on th

Insert the conneclocked in place.

To remove a cabland pull.

Do not pull directly

COM2 23

Figure 10: Ports

port is keyed to ensure that the cable can e way, to prevent damage to both the les. Furthermore, the port connectors that

cables to the Radian IS have a locking ires careful insertion and removal. g when handling the cables.

make certain you are using the for the port (For example, the power

ent connector than the communications

ot on the connector shell with the red e receptacle on the Radian IS.

tor until it seats with a click; it is now

e, grasp the connector by the knurled ring

CAUTION

on the cable.

COM1 PWR

24


For more information on the Radian IS port and cable specifications, refer to the Radian IS Advanced Reference Materials.

3.3.1 Power port and power inputThe Radian IS has one power port for connecting an external power source to the Radian IS.

The power port enabexternal power sourcan alternative to usinSection 3.2.3, Battery, internal batteries.

The operation of the connected to the systpower source connec

For the Radian IS to ominimum operating not be below the minsee Radian IS Specificaon the Radian IS ope

Radian IS is designedreverse-polarity connover-voltage and noi

3.3.2 CommunicatThe Radian IS commcommunicate with acor the radio. As well,battery output for po

Typically, the COM1 with the data collectowith a radio.RADIANIS

les you to power your Radian IS using an e, such as a large external battery. This is g the Radian IS internal batteries. Refer to on Page 20 for more information on the

Radian IS is dependent on a power source em (internal or external). If there is no ted, the Radian IS will not work.

perate with an external power source, the voltage for the external power input can imum Radian IS operating voltage. Please tions on Page 51, for detailed information

rating voltage.

to be protected against the ection of an external supply and against

se from an external source.

ions ports and power outputunication ports enable you to cessory devices, such as the data collector each communication port provides a wering accessory devices.

port of the Radian IS is intended for use r and the COM2 port is intended for use


RADIANIS

The Radian IS provides battery power output through the COM1 and COM2 ports for powering accessories. The power output is approximately the same as the input of the active battery to within ten percent.

If the peripheral devices attached to the Radian IS try to draw too much power from the battery output, the Radian IS will limit the current available to prevent damage to the receiver. Once the excessive looperation of the systerecommended data cnot overload your syattach peripherals th

3.4 Wireless CoThe Radian IS enable6 m (20 ft) from the rcommunications por

3.5 GPS AntennThe Radian IS featureTechnology. This rperformance of a cho 25

ad is removed from the Radian IS, normal m will resume. If you use the Sokkia ollector (SDR Level 5) and radio, you will stem. This possibility only exists if you at have not been tested with the Radian IS.

mmunications

s you to transfer data up to approximately eceiver to the data collector via a wireless t.

a

s an integrated antenna with Pinwheel evolutionary antenna gives the ke ring.

26


Using Pinwheet Technology, the Radian IS can achieve less than 1mm offset between L1 and L2 phase centers without the aid of a choke ring. As a result of such little offset, there is no need to orientate the antenna to one particular direction.

There are several poireceiver where the anwords, a tape measurmeasure can be laid a

The height measuremuse of a Sokkia tape mreference tip) or a typ

3.6 Display PaneThe Radian IS has a dyour system and to adisplay panel feature

Power button Message beeper Four gaugesRADIANIS

Figure 11: Antenna

nts around the circumference of the tenna height can be measured (in other e anchor point or a point which a tape gainst).

ent locations on the enclosure enable the easure (custom tape with offset scale and

ical hardware-store tape measure.

l

isplay panel to provide you with a view of lert you of errors when possible. The s the following:


RADIANIS

The following is an illustration of the panel:

Fi

The display panel prand in the field. As wto quickly identify eaOperations, on Page 3display panel. 27

gure 12: Panel display

ovides optimal visibility for both the office ell, prominently placed icons enable you ch gauge. See Section 4.2, Display Panel 1, for an explanation of the options on the

RADIANIS

Chapter 4 Using the Radian IS

Before using the Radian IS for the first time, ensure that you have followed the set-up instructions in your Radian IS Jump Start and Chapter 2, S

4.1 Power Supp

In this chapter, all diswith the understandipower source (intern

The following sectionRadian IS. As well, thIS to both manually a

4.1.1 Turn system

The Radian IS receivewill turn on or off theperipherals. For moreSection 4.2.1, Power b

4.1.2 System inact

The Radian IS will auperiod of five minuteactivity and no data runless the time arrive

See Section 1.7, Radiitems of which you 28

etting-Up The Radian IS.

ly and Control

cussions about the Radian IS being off are ng that the Radian IS is still connected to a al batteries or external source).

s explain how to supply power to your e sections discuss how to use your Radian nd automatically collect data.

on

r has a power button that, when pushed, Radian IS receiver and system information on the power button see

utton, on Page 31.

ivity

tomatically shut off if left inactive for a s (in other words, if there is no COM port ecording). The Radian IS will remain off s for a scheduled session to begin, if the

CAUTION

an IS Usage Cautions, on Page 9 for a list of should be aware as you use the Radian IS.

Using the Radian IS Chapter 4

RADIANIS

Radian IS detects COM port activity or if the power button is pressed. If either happens, the Radian IS will automatically turn back on.

4.1.3 Scheduled session

If the Radian IS is off, but you scheduled a session for logging, the receiver will indicate that it is aware of the schedule by slowly flashing the bFor more information4.2.3.4, Occupation tim

To better understandreason the GPS receivsessions is because oftime, located inside t52). This clock acts likwords, turn it back obegin.

4.1.4 Data logging

If you press the poweis logging data autondata files before turn

4.1.5 Power source

The Radian IS incorp(or equivalent). For in3.2.3, Battery, on Pageusing an external powinformation on the exPower port and power

The Radian IS providCOM ports. For moreSection 3.3.2, Commu 29

ottom LED of the occupation time gauge. on the occupation time gauge, see Section e gauge, on Page 38.

this concept, you should know that the er can turn off between data-collection a powerful clock, synchronized to GPS

he Radian IS (see Real-Time Clock, on Page e an alarm to wake the Radian IS (in other

n) five minutes before a schedule is to

interruption

r button to turn the Radian IS off while it omously, the Radian IS will save any open ing off.

orates two internal Sokkia Li-Ion batteries formation on the batteries, see Section 20. The Radian IS can also be powered er source such as a car battery. For

ternal power source, see Section 3.3.1, input, on Page 24.

es power to peripheral devices through its information on output peripherals, see

nications ports and power output, on Page 24.

30


4.1.6 Power consumption

In order for the Radian IS to perform some of its important automatic features such as turning on to run schedules and detecting COM port activity, it must be connected to a valid power supply. The automatic features depend on internal components of the Radian IS (such as the internal clock) to be constantly working. As a result, when the Radian IS is off, the receiver will consummaintain automatic o

The Radian IS has bewhich is especially imscheduled data-colledays, using its internthe Radian IS will turis established prior tothe logging session a

Note: Exceptionasatellites beyond

If you turn off your Rbatteries, the system power from the battebe discharged. If thisresume operation.

Tip: If you do nodraw power, youbatteries by remosystem is not in uRADIANIS

e a small amount of power in order to peration.

en designed to minimize its power usage, portant when the system is set to conduct

ction sessions over a period of several al batteries. For automatic data collection, n on early enough so that satellite tracking the scheduled logging session, stay on for nd turn off when the session is complete.

l conditions may delay the acquisition of the start of the logging session.

adian IS, but leave it connected to its will continue to draw a small amount of ries. After several weeks, the batteries will happens, simply recharge the batteries to

t want the Radian IS to monitor its ports or can extend the life of your internal ving them from the Radian IS when the se.


RADIANIS

4.1.7 Insufficient power

If either the internal batteries or the external power input voltage are below minimum operating parameters (in other words, if the Radian IS experiences drained batteries or power failure) the Radian IS will turn off and become inactive.

If this happens, the Radian IS will not be able to turn back on until proper power is

In the event of powerdisabled on both COoperations for COM pressed.

To return to normal oconnect a valid extersufficient power is re(if they did before theautomatically turn onpower button is pres

4.2 Display Pane

The following sectionthe Radian IS display

4.2.1 Power button

The Radian IS may ainput is greater thanRadian IS Usage Cau 31

restored.

failure, the Radian IS power output is M ports and the Radian IS will not resume activity or even if the power button is

peration, charge the internal batteries or nal power input to the Radian IS. When sumed, the COM ports will provide power power failure), and the system will when it detects COM activity or if the

sed.

l Operations

s explain the operation of the options on panel.

CAUTION

lso become inactive if the external power the power specified. See Section 1.7,

tions, Page 9 for more information.

32


The Radian IS power button is used for turning the Radian IS on or off. As well, the power button will enable you to delete all files on your data card or reset the receiver back to factory settings.

The number of seconds that the power button is held depressed determines how the receiver will behave. As well, at each time interval, the receiver will beep to guide you through the process. For more infannunciator, on Page

The power button op

Action # Secon

Turn on 1

Turn off 3

Factory reset 10

Erase memory 20

Disregard 25RADIANIS

ormation see Section 4.2.2, Audible 33.

tions are as follows:

ds Description

Hold button for 1 second and release to turn the Radian IS on. To indicate that the Radian IS is on, the first battery LED will illuminate. During initialization the display panel gauges will all flash. After initialization, the Radian IS will beep once to indicate that the system is operational.

Hold the button for 3 seconds until the Radian IS beeps twice and the middle three internal battery life gauge LEDs illuminate. Release the button to turn the Radian IS off.

With the Radian IS turned on, hold the power button for 10 seconds until the Radian IS beeps twice (for the second time) and the middle LEDs on the internal battery life, satellites visible tracking and data card memory gauges illuminate. Release the button to reset all stored parameters on the receiver to their default values. Note that you must release the button before 15 seconds or the reset will not be activated.

With the Radian IS turned on, hold the button for 20 seconds until the Radian IS beeps twice (for the third time) and the middle data card memory gauge LEDs illuminate. Release the button to delete all the files on the installed data card.

If you hold the button past 25 seconds, nothing will happen, and the receiver will return to normal operations. The receiver will not turn off, the data files will not be erased and the settings will not revert to factory settings.


RADIANIS

4.2.2 Audible annunciator

The Radian IS is equipped with an audible annunciator which issues a series of beeping noises to alert you to the system status and to warn of errors when possible.

The beeps may be for a single duration (means one beep pattern when the condition first occurs) or continuous (means the beep pattern will repeat its

As well, the severity of beeps. Informationyou with one or two beeps, and an error isthree or four beep pa

The annunciator will

# of beeps Duratio

1 single

2 single

2 single

2 single

2 single

3 single

3 continuou

3 continuou

4 continuou

4 continuou 33

elf for as long as the condition persists).

of the situation is indicated by the number that is noteworthy will be presented to beeps. A warning is indicated by three indicated by four beeps. When you hear a ttern, check your system right away.

indicate the following conditions:

n Condition

receiver on and ready for operation, initiated whenever you initially press the power button to turn the receiver on (see Page 28)

receiver is turning off, initiated by pressing power button (see Page 31)

data card erase, initiated by power button pressed (see Page 31)

factory reset, initiated by power button pressed (see Page 31)

acceptable data quality

insufficient data quality

s remaining battery life is below 15 minutes

s the memory card more than 80% full

s memory card error

s power button stuck

34


4.2.3 Gauges

The Radian IS displainformation about yoto display informatio

Internal battery l

Satellites used

Data card memo

Occupation timequality for post-p

Each gauge contains of system operationsbottom LED glows retime gauge which ha

Note: During typeach gauge at an

4.2.3.1 Internal ba

The internal battery lremaining on your inan accuracy of approRADIANIS

y panel features four gauges to provide ur Radian IS. The function of the gauges is n on the following:

ife

ry available

(period of continuous data of sufficient rocessing)

a series of five LEDs that glow to alert you . The top four LEDs glow yellow and the d with the exception of the occupation s all yellow LEDs.

ical operation, only one LED will be on in y one time.

ttery life gauge

ife gauge displays the battery life ternal batteries. Battery life is calculated to ximately 30 minutes.


RADIANIS

If you decide to power your Radian IS using an external battery source, such as a car battery, the top LED in the gauge will blink.

Note: Radian IS will not calculate the remaining battery life of an external power input supply. Battery life is only calculated for internal batteries. As well, it is assumed that you are installingreport battery stabatteries into the

In normal operation,following values, wh

4 hrs T

3 hrs T < 4 hrs

2 hrs T < 3 hrs

1 hrs T < 2 hrs

0 hrs T < 1 hr

When both batteries used any of the interyellow.

When you begin to uassociated with the ayellow. For example,the top LED is illumihours remaining on ythe second to top LEDlonger glow.

The bottom LED is coone illuminated you battery power remain 35

fully charged batteries. For this gauge to tus correctly, always install fully charged Radian IS.

the battery life gauge will have the ere time = T, from top to bottom:

are completely charged, and you have not nal battery power, the top LED will glow

se your internal batteries, the LED mount of remaining battery life will glow when you have full power (four hours), nated, then when you have less than four our battery life, but at least three hours, will glow yellow and the top LED will no

lored red. When the red LED is the only know that you have less than one hour of ing.

36


4.2.3.2 Satellites visible tracking gauge

The satellite usage gaposition of the Radia

For a satellite to be cosignal, be above the eachieved lock (both c

In normal operation,have the following vto bottom:

10, 11 or 12 SU

8 or 9 SU

6 or 7 SU

4 or 5 SU

1, 2 or 3 SU

For the most accurateunless you are using indicates that you aresatellites associated w

The bottom LED is reonly one, two or threnumber of satellites wis red to remind you RADIANIS

uge will display information once the n IS has been fixed.

unted as used, it must have a healthy levation mask and the receiver must have arrier and code).

the satellites usage tracking gauge will alues, where SU = satellites used, from top

survey results, you should not survey a minimum of six satellites. A yellow LED successfully using the number of ith that LED.

d and illuminates if the receiver is using e satellites. Because using such a small

ill not give you accurate results, this LED not to collect data at this time.


RADIANIS

4.2.3.3 Data card memory gauge

The data card memoror space used on you

When your data cardwill glow yellow. As LED associated with illuminate. The bottodata card is almost coyou should consider empty card or delete

In normal operation,following values, whtop:

100% S > 80%

80% S > 60%

60% S > 40%

40% S > 20%

20% S

When a file is openedcompartment LED wLED, see Figure 8, Ac

Note: if a non-recwritten to the damemory gauge w 37

y gauge displays the amount of memory r data card.

has over 80% space available, the top LED you use the space on your data card, the the amount of space left on your card will m LED is red to indicate to you that the mpletely filled. Once the LED glows red,

replacing the current data card with an the files.

the data card memory gauge will have the ere S = space available, from bottom to

on the data card, the data card ill blink green (for a view of the data card cess door open, on Page 17).

overable error occurs when data is being ta card, all the LEDs in the data card ill blink simultaneously.

38


4.2.3.4 Occupation time gauge

The occupation time collected for successfuan LED is illuminated baseline corresponding

The occupation time gaand receiver errors. If ton at a later time, the bthe schedule begins or uAs well, if the Radian Iable to turn on, the bott

In normal operation,following values, fro

30 km baseline

20 km baseline

15 km baseline

10 km baseline

5 km baseline

4.3 Internal Stat

Three LED status indaccess door (See Sectiprovide information internal batteries. Ththe following sectionRADIANIS

gauge displays that sufficient data has been l post-processing for the indicated baseline. If yellow, you can process your data to the to the illuminated LED.

uge also informs you of impending schedules he Radian IS is off, and a schedule is set to turn ottom LED of the gauge will blink slowly until ntil you disconnect power from the Radian IS. S experiences an error resulting in it not being om LED of this gauge will blink quickly.

the occupation time gauge will have the m top to bottom:

us Indicators

icators, visible after opening the Radian IS on 3.2, Access Door, Page 17), glow green to about the status of the data card and the e LED status indicators are explained in s.


RADIANIS

4.3.1 Data card indicator

The LED for the data card is indicated by the disk icon (see Figure 13). When the data card is in use (in other words, when a file has been opened), the LED blinks green; otherwise, it is off. Refer to Figure 8, Access door open, on Page 17, to see the location of this LED.

Figu

4.3.2 Battery indic

There are two batterybattery located on thThe LED associated wbattery icon (see Figuon the right side of thindicated by the batteAccess door open, on P

The battery A LED bbattery B LED blinksLEDs are off.

Fig

4.4 General Ope

Following is a list of IS receiver, data colle

First, apply poweits internal battersupply). Once a Rsupply, it is ready 39

re 13: Data card indicator

ator

LEDs, one for each internal battery. The e left side of the compartment is battery A.

ith battery A is indicated by both the re 14) and the letter A. The battery located e compartment is battery B and is ry icon and the letter B. Refer to Figure 8, age 17, to see the location of these LEDs.

links green if battery A is active, and the green if battery B is active; otherwise, the

ure 14: Battery indicator

rations

general operations when using the Radian ctor and schedules:

r to the Radian IS (in other words, install ies or connect it to an external power adian IS is connected to a proper power to use.

40


Second, turn the system on by simply pressing the power button. The Radian IS will acquire GPS time and then automatically start collecting data based on commands in the POWERUP configuration if it exists (See Section 4.5.2.2, Using the POWERUP configuration, Page 47). At this point, any scheduled sessions you may have transferred to the Radian IS will be ignored because the existence of a POWERUP group overrides all other schedules.

Third, if a POWERadian IS will chinformation on threceiver configuratused the Planningfrom the receivergroup. The seconabsence of a POWif there are any scschedule sessionRadian IS will reuntil later, the Raturning itself off start. To understaturn on for schedControl, on Page

Overview:

The RadPOWERUPOWERU

As long areceiver,

If you wPlanningfrom theRADIANIS

RUP configuration does not exist, the eck for scheduled sessions (For e scheduler, see Section 4.5.2.1, Using

ions, on Page 46). In other words, if you software to delete the POWERUP group

, you will have deleted the default start d default for the system is that in the ERUP group, the Radian IS checks to see

hedules. If a schedule is found, and the is to start within the next five minutes, the main on. If the schedule is not set to start dian IS will conserve battery power by until five minutes before the schedule is to nd more about the Radian ISs ability to ules, see Section 4.1, Power Supply and

28.

ian IS will follow commands in the P group and ignore all schedules if the P group exists on the receiver.

s the POWERUP group exists on the you cannot run a schedule.

ant to run a schedule, you must use the software to delete the POWERUP group receiver.


RADIANIS

Figure 15 explains graphically how the receiver responds to the POWERUP group and schedules.

Figure 15

If you are using a datreceiver on, you will controller takes contrUser Manual.

!

$#

)

$

(

)* 41

: Radian IS general operations

a collector, and you turn the Radian IS disable all schedules when the data ol of the receiver. Refer to your SDR Level 5

"#

!"%&

' !"

#

(

%&

')

%&

(

+

'

42


Note: Receivers are intended to be used as kinematic or static but not both at one time. Run schedules only on Radian IS when it is being used as a static receiver (base station). If you need to enter any data on the base station receiver, do so in the office, using Planning software, before you go into the field. Never communicate with a base station receiver, using the SDR, if the receiver is set to run a schedule. Doing

4.5 Data Collect

The Radian IS receiveenables you to collecof information storedsections explain data

4.5.1 Collecting da

The most basic activiis collecting raw datauninterrupted periodon a data card. This ffor post-processing aSurvey Suite softwar

There is an option tyou require, as soohaving to delete thThis option is to eddata that you requiconfigurations is foPlanning Reference MRADIANIS

so will disable the schedule.

ion Fundamentals

r is an extremely versatile GPS device that t data several ways and to define the type during data collection. The following collection.

ta

ty you will perform using your Radian IS . Each collection session (one of time) is stored in a single, unique file

ile can subsequently be transferred to a PC nd adjustment using Sokkias Spectrum e package.

CAUTION

hat will enable you to collect the data n as the receiver is turned on, without e POWERUP group or create schedules. it the POWERUP group to collect the re instead of what was preset. Editing r advanced users only. Refer to your

anual for instructions.


RADIANIS

Radian IS records raw data in the form of logs, which are written to the data file on a periodic basis. Sokkias software interprets these logs and the data that they contain.

The Radian IS receiver collects data in three ways:

Handheld (SDR Level 5) data collection (see Page 43)

Manual data collection (see Page 44)

Scheduled data c

4.5.1.1 Handheld d

You can use the Radiacontroller to configurconnect the SDR to thestablished and the hreceiver. If you turnebutton, the POWERUthe SDR takes controsystem through the Sas POWERUP, that is4.5.2.2, Using the POW

Use the handheld opdetermine whether d

Note: If you comSDR, any schedube disabled. To obe manually reseholding the powPage 31). If you iRadian IS receivelong as a SDR hatherefore has notsessions will star 43

ollection (see Page 44)

ata collection

n IS receiver with a SDR Level 5 handheld e and initiate data collection. When you e receiver, a communication link is andheld controls the behavior of the d the Radian IS on by pressing its power P configuration, if it exists, will run until

l of the receiver. Commands issued to the DR will supersede any configuration, such resident on the receiver (See Section

ERUP configuration, on Page 47).

tions in the Instrument Setup screen to ata is stored on the receiver or on the SDR.

municate with the Radian IS using the led sessions residing on the Radian IS will verride the SDR, the receiver will have to t to the factory default configuration by er button (See Section 4.2.1, Power button, ntend to transfer scheduled sessions to the r, do not connect a SDR to the system. As s not been connected to the system, and disabled the scheduled sessions, the t when scheduled.

44


4.5.1.2 Manual data collection

You can turn the receiver on by pressing the power button (see Section 4.2.1, Power button, on Page 31). Once the receiver has acquired GPS time, the Radian IS will automatically start collecting data based on the POWERUP definitions (See Section 4.5.2.2, Using the POWERUP configuration, Page 47). If the POWERUP group does not exist, the Radian IS will turn off until it is time to runport activity.

4.5.1.3 Scheduled

A schedule is a sessiospecified time (See Seon Page 46). Scheduldifferent data collecti

Data collection can bschedule that allows day from 15:00 to 17:tomorrow from 10:0018:00).

If a session is predefifile opens and the inipre-configured schedconfigurations, on PagManual.

Note: Schedules powered on if a Preceiver. If you wPlanning softwarfrom the receiverschedules by conRADIANIS

a scheduled session or if it detects COM

data collection

n of configurations that are set to run at a ction 4.5.2.1, Using receiver configurations,

es allow you to quickly and easily setup on sessions to run unattended in the field.

e setup according to a pre-configured both repetitive events (For example, every 00) and custom events (For example, to 11:00 and the day after from 17:00 to

ned or a manual session is started, a new tial file closes. For information on ules, see Section 4.5.2.1, Using receiver e 46 and refer to your Planning Reference

are ignored by the receiver when it is first OWERUP configuration exists on the ant to run a schedule, you must use the

e to delete the POWERUP configuration . You can find out more information on sulting your Planning Reference Manual.


RADIANIS

The following are the guidelines for setting schedules:

You can schedule data collection for up to seven days in a one-week period, with up to 35 sessions per day.

The scheduler operates perpetually (For example, if an event is scheduled to occur on a Monday, this event is serviced every Monday that the system is in operation).

Start and stop timminute.

The minimum timminutes (300 seco

If you do not proname is automatlogs (see Table APage 49).

Only one schedu

If there is sufficiewill power off toSupply and Contro

When setting schtime intervals. Aweek and time re

4.5.2 Defining data

You can define what during a data collectiSokkia Planning softwIS. The following secconfigurations. For mReference Manual. 45

es must be provided with a resolution of 1

e interval per data collection session is 5 nds).

vide file names in advance, a unique file ically generated for each set of recorded uto-Generated File Name Convention, on

le can be active at any time.

nt time between sessions, the Radian IS conserve power (See Section 4.1, Power l, Page 28).

edules, you may not specify overlapping ll scheduled entries rely on day of the ferences.

to be collected

type of information should be collected on session by using tools available in the are to create configurations for the Radian

tions give an overview of using ore information, refer to your Planning

46


4.5.2.1 Using receiver configurations

Receiver configurations are groups or sets of data that tell your receiver what type of information should be stored during a data collection session. A configuration consists of the following:

Logs .............................. a list of what type of data to collect

Destination .......

Interval...............

The configuration caaveraged) and point and elevation mask.

Configurations are pschedule that can be Planning).

You can add configurdata collection methoinformation. Configuthe Planning softwareto your Planning Refeschedules). In short, you want to collect, ayou specify when to to the receiver.

The Planning softwarconfigurations basedcan simply select oneRADIANIS

(For example, ephemeris - rawephem)

.......... where the data should be stored (For example, data card, COM1 or COM2)

.......... when the data should be collected (For example, every 10 seconds - onTIME 10)

n also identify position (none, fixed or information such as the antenna height

art of a session contained within a run manually or automatically (as setup in

ations to the receiver to identify different ds and the associated types of rations are transferred to the receiver from as part of a session inside schedules (refer rence Manual for information on setting up create a configuration of the types of data dd the configuration to a schedule where collect the data and transfer the schedule

e provides several predefined on different data collection methods. You of these predefined configurations (For


RADIANIS

example, Static Survey) for your session, or you can define your own configuration (refer to the Planning Reference Manual for more information).

Schedules transferred to the receiver will be run by the receiver. If the receiver is off when the time approaches the beginning of a scheduled session (See Section 4.1, Power Supply and Control, Page 28), the receiver will power on five minutes prior to the scheduled event, esta

Note: If the receipower, schedules

4.5.2.2 Using the P

The Radian IS receiveconfiguration called configurations, see Seon Page 46 or refer to

The POWERUP confconfiguration, and it you remove it using remove or change thesoftware, resetting thdiscard any changes back to factory settinPage 50).

When you look at theconfiguration, you wrecording intervals. Aconfusing, once you are quite easy to setu 47

blish GPS time and then run the schedule.

ver is inactive because of insufficient will not run.

OWERUP configuration

r initially operates on a default POWERUP (for more information on ction 4.5.2.1, Using receiver configurations, your Planning Reference Manual).

iguration is the Radian IS default is always present on the receiver unless the Planning software. Although you can POWERUP configuration using Planning e receiver back to factory defaults will and revert the POWERUP configuration gs (See Section 4.5.5, Resetting the receiver,

factory setup for the POWERUP ill notice that it consists of log names and lthough configurations may look

understand the meaning of the logs they p.

48


The following is the factory setup for the POWERUP configuration and an explanation of the meaning of each log:

range ontime 10.0 .............. GPS data logged every 10 seconds

rawephem onchanged ...... ephemeris data logged every time it changes

almanac onchanged .......... almanac data logged every time it

rtcaobs ontime 1.0 ...

rtcaref ontime 10.0...

avepos 0.025..............

The first three logs (rtypically used for pocard. The last three (rused for an RTK basetransmitted to the rad

Though some of the lpost-processing and logs work to your adperform as a static/kpresent, or as an RTKincluding all necessarPOWERUP group, yoif your Radian IS is s

4.5.3 Data file nam

Although file name cyou must refer to youinstructions on settinRADIANIS

changes

.......... base station GPS data transmitted every second

.......... base station position transmitted every 10 seconds

.......... the receiver will average its position for 0.025 hours (1.5 minutes) and then fix to this position

ange, rawephem and almanac) are st processing and are logged to the data tcaobs, rtcaref and avepos) are typically station, and rtcaobs and rtcaref are io out of COM port 2.

ogs in the POWERUP group are useful for others are useful for a base RTK system, all vantage because the Radian IS will inematic receiver if a radio/modem is not base if the radio/modem is present. By y logs for either configuration into the one u will not have to change the default logs

witched between static and RTK base.

ing

onventions are explained in this section, r Planning Reference Manual for

g up a schedule.


RADIANIS

When scheduling a single data collection event, you can provide a name for the data file in advance. If you are scheduling a series of events, you must allow Radian IS to generate names automatically.

An acceptable file name consists of up to eight characters, followed by a *.pdc extension. Auto-generated filenames consist of an eight-character base followed by a *.pdc extension. The eight characters

Table 2: Auto

For example, a Radia

If the day is January schedule created that

representation for Janday would have an ename such as:

Should a conflict occua file name specified resolve the conflict byis a tilde (~), follow*.PDC extension. For

####$$$%.pdc#### last 4

$$$ UTC

% sesspres 49

are derived as shown in Table 2.

-Generated File Name Convention

n IS might have a serial number such as:

CGN95450087

25, for example, and this is the 15th day, then, being that the UTC day-of-year

uary 25 is 025, and the 15th schedule of the ntry index of E, this file would have a

0087025E.PDC

r between an auto-generated file name or in a scheduled entry, the Radian IS will creating a file name whose first character ed by a 7-digit random number, and a

example

~9368412.PDC

Comments

digits of the Radian IS serial number

day of the year (001 366)ion ID assigned in sequence (0.. 9, A.. Z) based on the ence of files previously logged on a particular day.

50


4.5.4 Data storage requirements

Based on the POWERUP default settings, Table 3 displays the approximate number of hours of logging available using an 8MB CompactFlash data card at epoch rates ranging from 1-60.

Table 3: 8 MB Data Card Logging Capacity

4.5.5 Resetting the

A POWERUP configuManual for more infocollection. Holding th10-15 seconds will reSection 4.5.2.2, Using

The receiver will beeoccurred. For more inannunciator, on Page

Hou

Epoch

Rate 6 7

1 8 7

2 17 14

5 42 36

10 83 71

15 125 10

30 250 21

60 500 42

Holding the power cause you to lose all4.2.1, Power button, oRADIANIS

receiver

ration (refer to your Planning Reference rmation) is provided for default data e power button down for approximately

store the default factory configuration (See the POWERUP configuration, Page 47).

p twice to indicate that a reset has formation see Section 4.2.2, Audible

33.

rs of Storage on the Radian IS

Average # of Satellites

8 9 10 11 12

6 6 5 5 4

13 11 10 9 8

31 28 25 23 21

63 56 50 45 42

7 94 83 75 68 63

4 188 167 150 136 125

9 375 333 300 273 250

WARNING

button for approximately 20 seconds will data. For more information, see Section n Page 31.

RADIANIS

Appendix A Radian IS Specifications

RADIAN IS SPECIFICATIONS

Size (diameter x height) 2Weight 1

1

Description of Enclosure TwbetfAab

Operating Temperature W(W(

Storage Temperature W(W(

Resistance Characteristics(when the Radian IS access door is closed)

DWSB

Humidity 8(

Altitude S5c

Drop 21 51

Physical

31 mm x 150 mm (0.76 ft x 0.49 ft).75 kg (3.86 lb) - including two batteries.56 kg (3.44 lb) - without batterieshe enclosure is constructed of molded plastic, closed ith mounting screws and encircled by a rubber umper. The Radian IS meets the IPX-7 specification nabling it to operate in wind driven rain and in a emporary submersion of up to approximately three-eet of water. sealed access door on the side of the enclosure llows the insertion and removal of data cards and atteries.

Environmental

ith internal batteries: -20C to +55C-4F to 131F)

ith external power: -40C to +55C-40F to 131F)

ith internal batteries: -30C to +85C-22F to 185F)

ithout internal batteries: -40C to +85C-40F to 185F)ustproofaterproof (to the standards of RTCA/DO-160D ec.10 Cat.R and IPX-7)uoyant

5% RH at +38C (100.4F), 95% RH at +65C 149F) (to the standards of RTCA/DO-160D Cat.C)ea level to 5,000 m (16,404 ft) [may operate above ,000 m in a controlled environment, however is not ertified as such.] m (6.56 ft) survival on hard surface, pole-mounted m (3.28 ft) survival on hard surface, stand-alone

52


Vibration (Random Profile) The Radian IS can acquire and track satellites while undergoing vibration levels as shown below. It assumes that C/No > 45 dB-Hz and that the Radian IS is in high-dynamics mode. Assuming appropriate mounting, the Radian IS conforms to random vibration templates for RTCA/DO-160D, Section 8 (Curve C template), MIL-STD-202F, Test Condition I (Letter A nominal template), and ASAE EP455, Section 5.15.1 nominal template.

Frequency 2000 Hz

80 dB/decade, 0.00125, 0.02, 0.02, 0.005, - 80 dB/ecade

ower Requirements

nternal: 7.2 V DC External: +9 to +18 V DC

4 W (typical while logging), 200 mW (off)ripheral Power Output

supplied voltage

1A

Power Management

wo batteries, it begins using battery A. When battery itches to battery B (if available). Once battery

n IS becomes inactive. Normal operations are xternal power source to the system or when you

Real-Time Clock

the Radian IS to turn off between scheduled data-dian IS is on, this clock is synchronized to GPS time

ubject To GPS System Characteristics)

575.42 MHz (L1) & 1227.60 MHz (L2)/A and P (or Y) codes2 L1/L2 channel pairs

00 s (95% probability)0 s typical (cold start: no initial time or almanac)1: 1 s typical2: 10 s typical

Radian IS Specifications Appendix A

RADIANIS

Performance continued...

Computed Data Update Rate 10 solutions per second (maximum)Measured Data Update Rate 10 data records per second (maximum)PointPositioning

SA On: 40 m (131.2 ft)SA Off: 15 m (49.2 ft)

AccuracyaCarrier PhasePost-Processed

S

R

S

K

AccuracybCarrier PhaseRTK1-sigma

R

R

RTK PR6c

Time Accuracy (relative) 2d

Height Limit Ue

a. Accuracy depends on numb(DOP), occupation time, musurvey procedures, and dat10Km (except for Static sur

b. With Base/Rover sharing at3 min and GDOP < 4. Baseand Rover station using inteionospheric, and troposphelogs, not greater than 1 sec

RADIAN IS SPECIFICATIONS 53

tatic Horizontal: 5mm + 1ppm * DVertical: 10mm + 1ppm * DOccupation: 4SVs, 30sec rate, >1h

apid-Static Horizontal: 5mm + 1ppm * D Vertical: 10mm + 1ppm * D Occupation: 5SVs, 15sec rate, >20min

top-&-Go Horizontal: 10mm + 1ppm * D, D 10km 10mm + 2ppm * D, D > 10km

Vertical: 20mm + 1ppm * Dinematic - Horizontal: 10mm + 1ppm * D, D 10km

10mm + 2ppm * D, D > 10kmVertical: 20mm + 1ppm * D

TK Rapid Logs Horizontal: 3cm + 2ppm Vertical: 5cm + 2ppm Logging Rate: 10 Hz maximum

TK Matched Logs Horizontal: 1cm + 2ppm * D,D 10km

Vertical: 2cm + 2ppm * D, D 10km

Logging Rate: 4 Hz maximum

seudorange & carrier-phase double differencing. ecommended conditions: 12; after 2 minutes onvergence.

50 ns (SA on)oes not include delays due to cable on RF section

p to 18,288 m (60,000 feet), in accordance with xport licensing

er of satellites visible, obstructions, satellite geometry ltipath effects, atmospheric conditions, baseline length, a quality. 95% confidence level. Baseline not exceeding vey type). least 6 common satellites > 14 elevation, lock times > station using integrated pinwheel technology antenna, grated pinwheel technology antenna. Typical multipath, ric errors. Baseline not exceeding 10Km. For RTK rapid . correction latency.

54


Internal Batteries

Model Sokkia BDC46

Capacity 1300 mAh

Chemistry Li-Ion

Operating Time20C

4.5 hours (using two batteries and no peripheral p

Charge Time 5

Model S

Capacity 7

Chemistry S

Operating Time20C

1

Charge Time 5

Inpu

Electrical format E

EIA/TIA-232-E Baud Rate 4d

Signals supported T

I

PPS Output * ATw

Mark Input * Aom

The electrical specifications of th

Output VSS

Input VC

* Additional cable required. Ask your

RADIAN IS SPECIFICATIONSRADIANIS

ower output) hours for two batteries (using Sokkia charger)External Battery

okkia model

200 mAh

ealed lead acid (SLA)8.5 hours (using no peripheral output)

hours (using Sokkia charger)t/Output Data Interface

IA/TIA-232-E

800, 9600, 19200, 57600, 115200 bps (9600 bps efault)X, RX, RTS, CTS, DCD

nput/Output Strobes

one-pulse-per-second time synchronization output. his is a normally high, active low pulse (1 ms 50 ns) here the falling edge is the reference.

n input mark (negative pulse > 55 ns), time tags utput log data to the time of the falling edge of the ark input pulse.

e strobe signals are as follows:

oltage: Standard TTL levelsink Current: 64 mAource Current: 15 mA

oltage: Standard TTL levelsurrent: 5mA

dealer for a Command Descriptions Manual.

RADIANIS

Glossary

Antenna - The antenna is the component of a GPS system that collects the analog signal from the GPS satellite and sends this signal to the GPS rec

Baseline - The three-of stations for which and processed with dGPS result.

Base Station - In diffend of the baseline thThe GPS receiver, whreferred to as the bastransmits messages fposition.

Carrier Phase - The psignal, measured by aknown as integrated

CMR - Compact Meacommunications prosystems to transfer Gfrom a base station to

Coarse Acquisition (Clear/Acquisition) c

Datum - See Geodeti

Differential GPS (Daccuracy that uses psimprove the measurethe same general geo

Dilution of Precisionsatellites is an importThe geometry changethe satellites. An accu 55

eiver for processing.

dimensional vector distance between a pair simultaneous GPS data has been collected ifferential techniques. The most accurate

erential positioning, a base station is the at is assumed known and its position fixed. ich is acting as the stationary reference, is

e receiver, and it has a known position and or the rover receiver to use to calculate its

hase of either the L1 or L2 carrier of a GPS receiver while locked-onto the signal (also Doppler).

surement Record, a standard tocol format used in Real-Time kinematic PS carrier phase and code observations one or more rover stations.

C/A) Code - The Course/Acquisition (or ode modulated onto the GPS L1 signal.

c datum

GPS) - a technique to improve GPS eudorange errors at a known location to ments made by other GPS receivers within graphic area.

(DOP) - The geometry of the visible ant factor in achieving high quality results. s with time due to the relative motion of racy measure for the geometry is the

56

Glossary

Dilution of Precision (DOP) factor. For more information on DOP, refer to the Glossary section of the Radian IS Advanced Reference Materials.

Double-Difference Carrier Phase Ambiguity (or sometimes double difference ambiguity or ambiguity, for short) - carrier phase ambiguities which are differenced between receiver channels and between the base and rover receivers. They are estimated when a double difference mechanism is used for carrier phase position

Elevation - Height abdatum may be an elli(orthometric elevatiodefined reference pla

Elevation mask anglthat specifies a satellidegrees above the hoare to be used. Satelliless) have lower signthus causing noisy so

Ellipsoid - a smooth earths shape and veras a reference surface

Ephemeris - a set of GPS receiver to calcuvelocities. The ephemnavigation solution ato maintain the accur"broadcast ephemeris

Epoch - Same as meawhich a GPS receiverseconds, 30 seconds.

Fixed solution - Procsolutions for the vectof the parameters beiinteger ambiguities. Athe integer ambiguitiRADIANIS

ing.

ove a reference datum. The reference psoid (ellipsoidal elevation), a geoid n), above mean-sea-level, or above a locally ne.

e - An adjustable feature of GPS receivers te must be at least a specified number of rizon before the signals from the satellite tes at low elevation angles (five degrees or al strengths and are prone to loss of lock lutions.

mathematical surface which represents the y closely approximates the geoid. It is used for geodetic surveys.

satellite orbit parameters that is used by a late precise GPS satellite positions and eris is used in the determination of the nd is updated periodically by the satellite acy of GPS receivers. Available as " or as post-processed "precise ephemeris."

surement time epoch. The local time at takes a measurement. For Example, 15

essing of GPS vectors produces many or at different stages of the processing. One ng solved for during the processing is the

fixed solution is a vector solution where es have been correctly determined and

Glossary

RADIANIS

fixed. The fixed solution for a vector is most often the best solution. If for some reason the ambiguities could not be solved, the final solution for the vector will be a float solution.

Float solution - Processing of GPS vectors produces many solutions for the vector at different stages of the processing. One of the parameters being solved for during the processing is the integer ambiguities. A float solution is a vector solution where the integer values for the ambiguities could not be determined, therefore they are nofloat as a whole num

Geodetic Coordinateof a point is defined ugeodetic height.

Geodetic Datum - Acalculations

Geodetic Height (ellabove an ellipsoidal geodetic height and iellipsoid) equals the

Geoidal Separation difference between that a given point on ththe separation betwesurface at a given po

Global Positioning SGlobal Positioning Sysystem which providposition, velocity andrefer to the Glossary Materials.

GPS Time - The timetime is an atomic timAtomic Time in the fInternational Atomic T

GPS Week - GPS timJanuary 6, 1980. The since GPS time zero. 57

t fixed to a specific integer value (left to ber).

s - A coordinate system where the position sing the elements latitude, longitude and

model of the earth used for Geodetic

ipsoidal height) - The height of a point surface. The difference between a point's ts orthometric height (height above geoidal separation.

(or Geoidal Height) - The height e ellipsoidal height and orthometric height e earths surface. Worded differently, it is en the geoid surface and the ellipsoid int on the earths surface.

ystem (GPS) - Full name NAVSTAR stem, a space-based radio positioning es suitably equipped users with accurate time data. For more information on GPS,

section of the Radian IS Advanced Reference

Documents

Gps Radian Sokkia