GPS #8 GPS #9 GPS #10 The Divisions of the North and South
Slide 3
Georgia Performance Standard SSUSH8 The student will explain
the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward
expansion. SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and
individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the
Civil War. SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and
social dimensions of Reconstruction.
Slide 4
Essential Question Why did Slavery become a significant issue
in politics? Westward Expansion = New territory needs to be
settled. After these territories have been settled what becomes the
issue? SLAVERY
Slide 5
Slavery and Abolitionism Abolitionists called for the immediate
end of slavery. Abolitionist spoke out against slavery, wrote
books, published newspapers Name three prominent abolitionist
Grimke Sisters Frederick Douglas William Lloyd Garrison
Slide 6
Views on Slavery Many Northerners came to believe slavery
violated the basic principals of the US and Christian religion all
humans have the right to choose their own destiny and follow Gods
laws Slavery Many Southerners saw slaves as part of one big family
of the plantation owners. He took a special interest in their care,
necessities of life, and provided shelter. Slavery provided the
life blood labor source of the South.
Slide 7
Bank Deposits $207 Million$ 47 Million Population 21.5 Million9
Million Number of factories 110, 10020, 600 Miles of railroad 21,
7009, 000 Cotton Production 4 thousand bales 5 million bales
Differences Between the By the 1850s, the North and the South had
developed into regions with very different economies, societies and
views on slavery. NORTH AND THE SOUTH
Slide 8
Slide 9
The Grimke Sisters Sarah & Angela Grimke were southern
women who spoke out against slavery They grew up on a plantation
and personally witnessed the horrors of slavery
Slide 10
Frederick Douglas William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglass
spoke out against the Fugitive Slave Act by emphasizing the
requirement that citizens help capture runaways. Worked for
Garrison- then started his own newspaper The North Star Published a
biography of about himself William Lloyd Garrison-White
abolitionist Founded the newspaper The Liberator Printed true
stories about the treatment of slaves
Slide 11
Eye Witness Account Look at the following eyewitness account.
What was Douglasss point of view about why slaves were whipped?. A
mere look, word, or motion a mistake, accident, or want of power
are all matters for which a slave may be whipped at any time. Does
a slave look dissatisfied? It is said, he has the devil in him, and
it must be whipped out. Does he forget to pull off his hat at the
approach of a white person? Then he is wanting in reverence, and
shall be whipped for it.
Slide 12
Nat Turner African American preacher believed that Gods mission
for him on earth was to free his people Led a slave rebellion in
Virginia killing 60 whites He was captured and killed, this led to
more restrictive laws against slaves
Slide 13
The Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri applies for statehood the
question rises whether slavery will extend to the western territory
In 1819 there are 11 Free States and 11 Slave states Missouri will
make an uneven # Maine which was once part of Massachusetts also
applies for statehood Congress votes that Missouri will be a slave
state Maine a free state To keep any further argument over the
entry of new states a line was drawn dividing the North and South.
The 36/30 latitude line (Mason Dixon Line) was established by the
great compromise Henry Clay of Ky.
Slide 14
Sectional balance was maintained - with the admission of
Missouri and Maine there were 12 free states and 12 slave states.
This established a precedent that would be followed for the next 30
years concerning the issue of slavery in the West. The Missouri
Compromise- Map
Slide 15
Andrew Jacksons Vice President In 1824 and 1828 States Rights
Nullification South Carolina Friends with Henry Clay Congressman
Sectionalists House of RepresentativesSenate
Slide 16
States Rights Ideology, John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun of
South Carolina wanted to weaken the control of the Federal
government over the States. He believed in Nullification and States
Rights (the States authority over the Federal government) Calhoun
argued that if the federal government does not allow a state to
nullify a law deemed unconstitutional, then that state has the
right to secede from the Union.
Slide 17
The Nullification Crisis The South relied on manufactured goods
from England, since their economy was based on agriculture. Tariffs
made the goods very expensive but benefited the North The Tariff of
1828 the South called it the Tariff of Abominations South Carolina
threatened to succeed (withdraw from the US) John C. Calhoun of
S.C. was President Andrew Jacksons Vice President He put forth the
idea of Nullification (States voiding Federal Law) Jackson was
against it
Slide 18
The Wilmot Proviso 1846 David Wilmot proposed that any
territory gained from the War with Mexico that neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude shall exists. Who would agree with this? Why?
(North/South) Who would disagree? Why? The Senate refused to vote
on the bill but it further divided the North and the South David
Wilmot- Democrat- Pennsylvania Representative
Slide 19
THE BACKGROUND * California applies for statehood as a free
state. * Equal balance between slave states and free states is
threatened. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 California admitted as a free
state. In territories won from Mexico, voters will decide slavery
issue. (Popular sovereignty) Sale of enslaved people outlawed in
Washington DC. Fugitive Slave Act requires citizens to help return
escaped slaves THE EFFECTS Compromise is only temporary: issue of
slavery in territories not resolved Neither Southerners nor
Northerners satisfied Congress failed to settle the issue of
slavery in the West, leading to the formation of new political
parties
Slide 20
Fugitive Slave Act accused runaways arrested; sworn testimony
by a white witness was all a court needed to send the person south
accused fugitives had no rights to a trial and were not allowed to
testify A person who refused to help capture a fugitive slave could
be jailed.
Slide 21
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 These two territories would enter the
Union based on Popular Sovereignty. New territories could choose to
be free or slave states. The result was Bleeding Kansas Armed
clashes between northerners (anti-slavery) and southerners
(pro-slavery) in Kansas. Kansas How did the violence in Kansas
demonstrate that popular sovereignty was a failure?
Slide 22
Slide 23
. Abolitionism. William Lloyd Garrison. Frederick Douglas.
Grimke Sisters. Missouri Compromise of 1820. Nat Turners Rebellion.
Nullification Crisis. John C. Calhoun. Sectionalism. State's
Rights. Wilmot Proviso. Compromise of 1850. Kansas Nebraska Act
Tensions leading up to the Civil War
Slide 24
Dred Scott Scot was taken by his master into the free state of
Illinois, and then later, back into the slave state of Missouri
With the help of an abolitionist group Scott sued for freedom
(1847), claiming that because he had lived in a free state, he
should be free
Slide 25
Dred Scott Scott was eventually freed in May 1857, but died
nine months later* The case went to the Supreme Court where in
1857, the Court ruled against Scott Because slaves were not
citizens of the U.S., Scott could not sue in Federal Court
Slide 26
John Browns Raid 1859 A abolitionist who used violence against
those supporting slavery In 1859, he and his followers tried to
support a slave uprising in Virginia by seizing an arsenal in
Harpers Ferry
Slide 27
John Browns Raid The uprising was quickly put down and after a
trial, Brown was executed Brown was viewed by many in the North as
a martyr for the anti-slavery movement How do you think Brown was
viewed In the South-why?
Slide 28
The Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican candidate
Against the SPREAD of slavery Promised not to stop slavery in the
South where it was already practiced. Said he hoped it would one
day END there, too. No Slavery Beyond This Point Stephen A. Douglas
West should decide for themselves about slavery. States Choice John
Breckinridge Democratic candidate popular with southerners
Government should allow slavery everywhere in the West. Slavery
Everywhere
Slide 29
Lincoln The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to
end. The problem is that slavery is WRONG!
Slide 30
Worried White Southerners Many in the South were afraid if
Lincoln were elected, slavery would be outlawed. Some even said
they would LEAVE the Union if Lincoln was elected.
Slide 31
Inaugural Address Lincoln insisted to southerners that
secession was unconstitutional No State upon its own mere motion
can lawfully get out of the Union Lincoln was bound to enforce the
Constitution in every state How do you think the South reacted to
Lincoln being elected?
Slide 32
Slide 33
The Confederate States of America South Carolina Mississippi
Florida Louisiana Alabama Georgia Texas Virginia Arkansas North
Carolina Tennessee Lincoln was elected November 6, 1860 December
20, 1860 South Carolinas leaders seceded from the Union.
Slide 34
Compare the resources of both the Union and Confederacy?
Slide 35
Advantages North Population Industrial Financial Transportation
More effective civilian leadership National Government already in
place South Fighting a defensive war Better military leadership Men
used to outdoors Superior cavalry Cotton European dependence
Slide 36
civil liberties Suspended civil liberties or parts of the
Constitution writ of habeas corpus: Protects from unfair arrest and
trial by jury. Occupation of Baltimore: Controlled by military----
martial law Arrested over 15,000 civilians: Without probable
cause---suspicious Rebel sympathizers. Closed rebel newspapers:
Violated 1 st amendment rights of free speech and press. First
Income Tax Greenbacks 1 st paper money minted
Slide 37
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A
PROCLAMATION Whereas, it has become necessary to call into service
not only volunteers but also portions of the militia of the States
by draft in order to suppress the insurrection existing in the
United States, and disloyal persons are not adequately restrained
by the ordinary processes of law from hindering this measure and
from giving aid and comfort in various ways to the insurrection;
Now, therefore, be it ordered, first, that during the existing
insurrection and as a necessary measure for suppressing the same,
all Rebels and Insurgents, their aiders and abettors within the
United States, and all persons discouraging volunteer enlistments,
resisting militia drafts, or guilty of any disloyal practice,
affording aid and comfort to Rebels against the authority of United
States, shall be subject to martial law and liable to trial and
punishment by Courts Martial or Military Commission: Second. That
the Writ of Habeas Corpus is suspended in respect to all persons
arrested, or who are now, or hereafter during the rebellion shall
be, imprisoned in any fort, camp, arsenal, military prison, or
other place of confinement by any military authority of by the
sentence of any Court Martial or Military Commission. In witness
whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington this
twenty fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, and of the Independence of
the United States the 87th. ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Slide 38
Fort Sumter Shots fired at Fort Sumter Confederate Soldier
fired the first shot. Some advised Lincoln to Let the states go
Others said, Give in on the slavery question. Still others said,
Use the ARMY to end their revolt!
Slide 39
Urgent! Message from Commander Anderson Supplies at the Fort
are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be
forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy. If I send
suppliesSoutherners might attack. If I send troops.Southerners WILL
attack. If I do nothingthe commander will have to surrender. He
wanted to prevent war. We are not enemies, but friends.
Lincoln
Slide 40
Confederate President Davis Davis decided to take over the fort
BEFORE the supply ships arrived. Demanded them to surrender. NEVER!
The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major Anderson and his
men ran out of ammunition and had to give up. Lincoln decided to
send supply ships And see what the Southerners would do
Slide 41
Slide 42
Overview of Civil War Strategy Anaconda Plan Overview of Civil
War Strategy Anaconda Plan
Slide 43
Slide 44
The Battle of Antietam September 1862 Bloody Lane (Library of
Congress) Bloodiest single day of the war: Union: 12,410
casualties, double those of D-Day (June 6, 1944) Lee lost 10,700
men, 25% of his Army. Tactical draw, strategic victory McClellan
halted Lees invasion. Enabled Lincoln to announce his Preliminary
Emancipation Proclamation 5 days later. Along with the Emancipation
Proclamation, prevented Great Britain and France from recognizing
the C.S.A.
Slide 45
Ulysses S. Grant Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief in
March 1864. Grant directed Sherman to drive through the South while
he himself, with the Army of the Potomac, pinned down Gen. Robert
E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Finally, on April 9, 1865, at
Appomattox Court House, Lee surrendered. Grant wrote out
magnanimous terms of surrender that would prevent treason
trials.
Slide 46
Ulysses S. Grant (Union) Late in the administration of Andrew
Johnson, General Ulysses S. Grant quarreled with the President and
aligned himself with the Radical Republicans. He was, as the symbol
of Union victory during the Civil War, their logical candidate for
President in 1868.
Slide 47
Robert E. Lee (Confederate) Politically, Robert E. Lee was a
Whig. Ironically, he was attached strongly to the Union and to the
Constitution. He entertained no special sympathy for slavery. On
April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at the village
of Appomattox Court House.
Slide 48
Stonewall Jackson (Confederate) Confederate general and
right-hand man to Robert E. Lee. Noted for his ability to use
geography to his advantage. One of his most brilliant moves came at
the battle of Chancellorsville, when he successfully marched his
troops over 12 miles undetected and attacked the unsuspecting Union
forces. Many believe the South would have won the war had he lived
to fight at Gettysburg.
Slide 49
William T. Sherman (Union) Union General who gave Savannah to
President Lincoln as a Christmas gift Shermans March to the Sea
Destroyed railways, supplies, livestock from Atlanta to
Savannah
Slide 50
Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America
Davis failed to raise sufficient money to fight the American Civil
War and could not obtain recognition and help for the Confederacy
from foreign governments. Davis was responsible for the raising of
the formidable Confederate armies. He was also responsible for the
notable appointment of General Robert E. Lee as commander of the
Army of Virginia.
Slide 51
The Civil War April 15, 1861 Lincoln asks for 75,000 volunteers
to put down the rebellion Did not go through Congress, no
declaration of war Four slave states now join the Confederacy
Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia, & North Carolina Confederacy
moves its capital to Richmond VA Four other states decide to stay
in the Union Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, & Missouri They will
be known as Border States The western area of Virginia secedes from
Virginia & formed the state of West Virginia
Slide 52
Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 President Lincoln
lacked the constitutional authority to abolish slavery As commander
in chief of the armed forces he planned to issue a new military
order that freed all slaves living in areas still rebelling against
the United States This would only apply to Confederate and not
border states
Slide 53
It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the
Union. It did not free slaves in border states.
Slide 54
Civil War and African-Americans Thirteenth Amendment passed
-Slavery abolished 54th Massachusetts Infantry
Slide 55
Vicksburg Grant wanted to take control of the Mississippi River
and he knew he would have to take Vicksburg, Mississippi to make
that possible For six weeks General Grant laid siege to the city,
blocking all outside resources Confederate soldiers urged their
commander to surrender July 3, 1863 General Grant and General John
Pemberton met under an oak tree to discuss terms of surrender
Slide 56
Slide 57
Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Decisive Battle of the War
Largest Battle ever in U.S.- 172,000 troops (97,000 in Union Army
of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf. Army of N. Va.) Most casualties of any
battle (51,000 combined) 569 tons of ammunition Over 5,000 dead
horses
Slide 58
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that
cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that
we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain
-- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom
-- and that government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth. Abe Lincoln
Slide 59
Gettysburg Address Describe how President Lincoln was trying to
preserve the Union in his speech
Slide 60
The War in the South, 1863-1865 William T. Sherman Atlanta
(Sept. 1864) March to the Sea Burns 60-mile wide swath of land from
ATL to Savannah Union General William T. Sherman
Slide 61
Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Shermans troops
Slide 62
Atlanta After Atlanta Sherman left for Savannah The fall of
Atlanta boosted President Lincolns re- election campaign Shermans
success renewed republicans lost hope that the war would soon
end
Slide 63
Election of 1864 Abraham Lincoln and son Tad, February 1864
(Library of Congress) George B. McClellan Union Party Lincoln VS.
George B. McClellan Liconln Wins!! Yay
Slide 64
Lincolns Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1865
Slide 65
Surrender at Appomattox Lees Surrender, Appomattox Court House
( April 9, 1865)
Slide 66
Capture of Jefferson Davis, May 10, 1865
Slide 67
After four bloody years of civil war, the South was
defeated.
Slide 68
Casualties on Both Sides
Slide 69
Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars
Slide 70
Abraham Lincoln
Slide 71
Fords Theater (April 14, 1865)
Slide 72
The Assassin John Wilkes Booth
Slide 73
Slide 74
w/o Southerners in fed. gov't, many changes occurred that
benefited the North: 1) Homestead Act passed by Congress in 1862 -
encouraged W. expansion w/o slavery - 165 acres given to anyone who
would farm it 5 yrs. 2) Union-Pacific Railway was authorized -
great trade potential, focused on the Northern States. 3) Tariffs
were put in place to protect Northern industry POLITICAL / ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENTS
Slide 75
4) Congress established a single federal currency - same value
in all states - known as "Greenbacks" 5) to cover war debts, Union
gov't issued war bonds and intro'd income tax 6) in a further
illustration of fed. gov't power, Lincoln's gov't restricted civil
liberties so nothing would detract from Union war effort (suspended
Habeas Corpus) - free press/ speech also interrupted 7) 1864
Election - only in Union - pitted Republican Lincoln against
Democrat General McClellan Lincoln won easily, assuring that war
will continue (N. Democrats wanted an end) POLITICAL / ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENTS
Slide 76
EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR creation of a single unified country
abolition of slavery increased power to fed. gov't killed the issue
of states rights U.S. now an industrial nation a stronger sense of
nationalism w. lands increasingly opened to settlement South was
economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system
crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep
hatred of the North remained...
Slide 77
Slide 78
first 1. Dennis / Alicia 2. Brice / Dejah 3. Leslie / Kiril 4.
Jacob / Lakeel 5. Takoma / Mahogany 6. Randy / Brandy 7. Allen /
Garrett 8. Joanna / Megan 9. Chris / Breyanna 10. Charles /
Cah
Slide 79
Fourth 1. Addison / Courtney 2. Kenneth / Nikki 3. Jacob /
Dennis 4. Jabaree/ Brandyn 5. Paola / Gerardo 6. Colin / Mimi 7.
Keegan/ Christian 8. Daniel / Addison 9. Chris / Breyanna 10. Token
/ Morgan 11. Ryan / Brenden 12. Tashana / Martre 13. Trevor /
Tyasia 14. Six / Austin
Slide 80
Fifth 1. Michael / Caroline 2. Jenny / Ashley 3. MJ / Joe 4.
Chris / Selena 5. Paige / Vincent 6. Christian / Nathan 7. Conrad /
Kalela 8. Joe / Brandi 9. 10. Regina / Khalil 11. Blade / Asmara
12. 13. Shai / Tara 14. 15. Kenneth / Sean
Slide 81
Slide 82
Sixth 1. Chad/ Mark 2. Brittney/ Ian 3. Madison / Kimani 4.
Hannah/ Connor 5. Spencer / Ryan 6. Adeerah / Jess 7. Jack/
Demetrius 8. Kelsey / Brandi 9. Chance / Hailey 10. Zanarian /
Tasha 11. Alexis / Alvin 12. Guy / DiMara 13. Aleena/ Tara 14.
Tahvon / Kandis 15. Josh / JKolby
