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Going Open Source:Migrating EPA’s BASINS to
MapWindow Open Source GIS
Dr. Daniel P. AmesDepartment of Geosciences, Idaho State University
2005 Intermountain GIS Conference Pocatello, Idaho
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Outline
What is BASINS?Why consider open source GIS?What is MapWindow?What is the approach?What are the challenges and
anticipated benefits?
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
What is BASINS?
“Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Non-point Sources”
GIS-based watershed modeling and data analysis software
Built by EPA to support watershed approaches such as TMDL
Includes spatial and temporal data for the United States, analysis tools and models
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005SETAC GIS & WQ Short Course, 2002
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
BASINS 3.1 GIS Interface Ties all software components together through ArcView 3.x and Ties all software components together through ArcView 3.x and extensions.extensions.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
BASINS Spatial Data
• Land use and land cover (shape and grid)
• Urbanized areas
• Populated place locations
• Reach file 1
• Reach file 3
• National Hydrographic Data (NHD)
• Major roads
• USGS hydrologic unit boundaries (accounting and catalog units)
• Drinking water supply sites
• Dam sites
• EPA region boundaries
• State boundaries
• County boundaries
• DEM (shape and grid)
• Ecoregions
• NAQWA study unit boundaries
• Managed area database (Federal and Indian Lands)
• Soil (STATSGO)
Courtesy of Tetra Tech Inc.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
BASINS Utilities and Tools Automatic data downloader and software updater
• Spatial data: NED DEM, NLCD land cover, NHD stream networks.• Temporal data: USGS streamflow, STORET water quality. • Automatic updater for software updates.
Data analysis tools• “Target” to summarize data by watershed in a region• “Assess” to summarize stream quality in a specific watershed• “Data Mining” to link stations to water quality and monitoring records
Watershed delineation tools to identify watershed boundaries and contributing areas• Manual - heads-up digitizing based on elevation polygons• Automatic – raster DEM based algorithms for finding watersheds
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Data Extractor
Web-linked tool to set up a new BASINS Project Web-linked tool to set up a new BASINS Project
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Downloading BASINS Core DataOnce a watershed HUC is selected, the Once a watershed HUC is selected, the software downloads all of the base GIS and software downloads all of the base GIS and observation data forobservation data forthat watershed.that watershed.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Web Data Download Tool
Additional data can Additional data can be automatically be automatically downloaded from downloaded from various web-sites various web-sites and integrated with and integrated with the base dataset. the base dataset.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Automatic Software Updates
A software updater checks for software A software updater checks for software updates which can include bug fixes as well updates which can include bug fixes as well as new analysis tools as new analysis tools and models. and models.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Multiple Objectives• Source assessment • Receiving water evaluation
Various Scales• Local scale• Watersheds• Basins
Various Levels of Complexity• Screening • Detailed
Courtesy of Tetra Tech Inc.
Models in BASINS
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Models in BASINS PLOAD – export coefficient based lumped model
• Steady state, spatial, fit, deterministic.
• “Screening level” model for looking for spatial trends in water quality based on land cover type
SWAT – soil water accounting tool• Dynamic, spatio-temporal, process, deterministic.
• Agriculture-centered watershed model HSPF – hydrologic simulation program FORTRAN
• Dynamic, spatio-temporal, process, deterministic.
• Primarily hydrologic process model with water quality components.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Simple Models in BASINSPLOAD Export Coef. Model
LP = U(LPU * AU)
Where: LP = Pollutant load, lbs;
LPU = Pollutant loading rate for land use type u,
lbs/acre/year; andAU = Area of land use type u, acres
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Total pollutant loads by watershed – map and table
Pollutant loads per acre by watershed – map and table
Event Mean Concentration (EMC) by watershed – map and table
PLOAD Output Options
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Complex Models in BASINS
MeteorologicalData
GIS
Landuse and pollutantspecific Data
HSPFHSPF
LanduseDistribution
StreamData
Point Sources
Core Model
Post Processing
Windows interface
Landscape dataA
B
D
E
F
C
Courtesy of Tetra Tech Inc.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
BASINS Architecture
GIS-based main user interface• Currently ArcView 3.x
• Spatial data stored as shapefiles
• Temporal data stored in binary “wdm” files All key functions exist in dynamic link libraries
(DLLs) and executables• Tight integration – ArcView extension provides the
GUI and calls functions in a DLL
• Loose integration – ArcView extension prepares input files and launches external executable
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
BASINS 4.0
Due Spring 2006 (prime contractor: Aqua Terra Consultants)
Builds off BASINS 3.1 Significant restructuring No third party dependencies or purchase
requirements MapWindow Application and Plug-in
Architecture
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Why Open Source GIS?
Original intent of EPA was to provide all software and data freely because it is a federally financed project.
However… No PC-based free or open source GIS alternatives in 1996.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Why Open Source GIS?
Software code licensed under the Mozilla Public License can be used for both commercial and non-commercial applications.
Allows user-developers to access update and improve core GIS and model functionality.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Why Open Source GIS? Increased distribution and
use of BASINS – including internationally.
Since MapWindow was released as open source in January 2005, download bandwidth from www.MapWindow.com has increased from 1 GB per month to about 15 GB per month.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Open Source GIS Options
www.OpenSourceGIS.org lists 189 projects (not MapWindow!!).
www.FreeGIS.org lists 235 projects (yes MapWindow )
Mostly data conversion, reading and writing libraries, specific viewers, web tools and Linux/Unix tools.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
What is MapWindow? A “Programmable
Geographic Information System” that supports:• Manipulation and viewing
of GIS data
• Analysis of GIS data and attributes
• Custom GIS modeling
• Custom GIS application development
http://www.MapWindow.com/
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Why MapWindow?
We needed a spatial component for our modeling and data analysis projects to support:• Manipulation and editing of spatial data sets• Manipulation and editing of attribute data• Development of custom models using GIS
We couldn’t find a freely distributable GIS that was functional enough to support the functions and types of analysis we needed
So...with help from several funding sources including the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) we built MapWindow
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Data DistributionOption 1:
Build a MapWindow Project and distribute it with the free MapWindow GIS application
The MapWindow application is a stand alone software that is freely distributable along with your data
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Base MapWindow Functionality
Map area for displaying data Legend and editor for creating custom color schemes for
layers Toolbar and buttons to create, save, and open
MapWindow Project files Toolbar buttons for adding and removing layers from the
map Toolbar button for selecting features Toolbar buttons for navigating the map (zoom in, zoom
out, zoom to a layer, pan, etc.) Toolbar button to Print the current map Preview Map
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Custom MapWindow Plug-insDistribute data analysis functionality with your data
•Water Quality Analyst
•Streamflow Analyst
•PhotoViewer
•TIN Builder/Viewer
•Grid Wizard
•Model Manager
•Terrain AnalysisUsing DEMs (TAUDEM)
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
For Example: Watershed Information System
VB Plug-in
Plug-in List
Legend
Map Area
MapWindow App
Launch button
Plug-in Functions
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Data Distribution Option 2
Use the MapWinGIS ActiveX control to create your own custom tool
The core MapWindow component is a programming object that can be added to a form in Visual Basic or other languages supporting ActiveX
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
MapWinGIS ActiveX Control
Open, create, and save geo-referenced image, grid, shapefile, triangular irregular network, and dbf attribute data
View, label, color, highlight, shapefile data on the map Perform spatial queries on the data Search for features with specific attributes Dynamically edit the spatial data and immediately see the
changes in the map Interact with the data through the map Build TINs from Grids, Images from Grids, Shape files
from TINs and Grids, Grids from Shape files, etc.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Watershed Tools at USU “Pre-BASINS”
Nooksack River DSS, WA Virgin River DSS, UT Big Lost River DSS, ID Watershed Information
Systems• Newton Reservoir, UT
• Otter Creek, UT
• Echo Reservoir, UT
• Strawberry Reservoir, UT Others
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Open Source MapWindow
ESRIArcView 3.x/9.x
ESRIArcExplorer
Basic GIS Data Vis. Yes Yes Yes
Edit GIS Data Yes Yes No
Create Custom Plug-ins? Yes Yes No
Programming Language VB.NET, C# Avenue/VB None
Free Viewer? Yes No Yes
Developer price Free Free to write extensions, users must purchase ArcView license
N/A
Source Code Available? Yes No No
Plug-in Development Comparison
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Open SourceMapWinGIS
ESRIMapObjects LT 2
Blue Marble GeoObjects 3.1
View GIS Data Yes Yes Yes
Edit Attribute Data Yes No No
Edit Spatial Data Yes No No
Includes TIN objects Yes No No
Smooth Redrawing Yes No No
Price Free $1,000
per developer
$999per developer
Royalty Structure None Negotiated $200 per CD or download
Source Code Available?
Yes No No
ActiveX Control Comparison
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
The Approach
Customize the MapWindow application interface using
the XML configuration file
Build BASINS functionality as MapWindow plug-ins
Link to external DLL’s and EXE’s as needed (i.e.
models).
Embed MapWinGIS ActiveX in some of these as needed
to provide support maps in specific tools.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
XML Configuration File
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
BASINS MapWindow Plug-ins
BASINS plug-ins will include• Project management
• Software updater
• Data downloader
• Data analysis
• Models
All functions that were previously contained in ArcView 3.x extensions
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
MapWindow Plug-ins Interface
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Challenges
Although BASINS only uses a relatively small number of GIS functions, not all have not been implemented in MapWindow (i.e. clip, mosaic)
Use existing free and open source libraries where possible…• General Polygon Clipper (GPC)
• TAUDEM for watershed delineation
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Challenges
Projections – Love ‘em or leave ‘em?• Read and write ESRI .prj files
• Projection libraries – proj4
Data formats – Personal Geodatabase? MrSid? GeoTiff? JPEG2000?• Use other open source and free libraries.
• GDAL
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Anticipated Benefits
Finally realize the original goal of EPA in the development and distribution of a fully open and free modeling and data analysis system.
User community will add and share new functions, models, analyses, data viewers, etc.
Ames – Intermountain GIS 2005
Acknowledgements Paul B. Duda, John L. Kittle, Jr., Mark H. Gray, Paul R. Hummel –
Aqua Terra Consultants
Russell S. Kinerson, Paul Cocca, David Wells, Marjorie Wellman, Ed Partington, Lauren MacWilliams – EPA Office of Science and Technology
Kurt Wolfe – EPA Ecosystems Research Division – Athens, GA
Shane Cherry, Ron Rope – Idaho National Laboratory
David Tarboton, Jeff Horsburgh – Utah State University
What’s next?