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Goal 11 Part 3
JFK Presidency 1960-1963
Election of 1960
John F. Kennedy (DEM.)
defeated Richard M. Nixon (REP)
Reasons:
(1) JFK supported Civil Rights Movement
(2) First televised debates
1960 election: Closest in History
Kennedy’s Domestic / Foreign Policy
***************** New Frontier ****************** - programs to (1) improve the economy, (2) assist the poor (3)
advance the American space program and (4) international aid
Best and the Brightest – JFK's advisors
Flexible response: Kennedy’s plan to take money out of Nuclear warheads and put it in military = Green Berets(Downsizing nuclear warfare)Complete opposite of Eisenhower
Crisis in Cuba
Fidel Castro –
was openly a communist and
welcomed support from the Soviet Union How Castro take over in Cuba Promise of democracy
to the Cuban people/ could
end poverty and many other
problems Leads a revolution over Batista (1959)
***** THE BAY OF PIGS ****** (1961) - Kennedy A “FAILED” / “Miscalculated” invasion of
Cuba to overthrow Castro Effect: made America look BAD!!!
CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS
Situation: Soviet Union had missiles stationed in Cuba Result: AMERICAN HYSTERIA / PANIC Response: America put missiles in Turkey*2 Countries that were “directly” connected to
the Cuban Missile Crisis(1) Soviet Union(2) U.S. NOT CUBA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Foreign problems with JFK
Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis*Berlin Wall = 1961 increased tensions in Europe (physical Iron curtain?)Purpose: to stop “refugees” from EAST Berlin fleeing into WEST Berlin
(East Berliners wanted to be free of Communism)*Ugly symbol of Communism – Berlin Wall is
destroyed in 1989
Ways to ease the tension in the Cold War / Kennedy and Khrushchev (1) Hot Line
direct phone line between S.U. and U.S.
(2) Limited Test Ban Treaty
banning above-ground testing of nuclear weapons (U.S. and S.U.)
New Frontier (Space program)Space Program
- NASA-
* Created as a result of the launching of SPUTNIK
Yuri Gagarin = (1st human in space) – S.U.
Alan Shepard (1st American in space)
RACE to the MOON
- U.S. wins = Neil Armstrong (1st man on the moon)
MAJOR RESULT: Colleges and universities all over America increased their emphasis on science and other courses that could advance America (in that nature)
Kennedy’s New Frontier (International Aid)
Point: to address POVERTY abroad(1) Peace Corps
- a program of volunteer assistance to the developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (HUGE SUCCESS)
(2) Alliance for Progress - another foreign aid program PURPOSE: Improve relations with Latin America*BOTH = THINK John F. Kennedy
Tragedy in Dallas
November 22, 1963 (JFK is assassinated) Lee Harvey Oswald
Communist living in Cuba, was arrested
Oswald = shot and killed by Jack Ruby (nightclub owner) while he was being transferred to prison
*** Warren Commission ***
- investigative agency on the JFK assassination
(ton of conspiracies)
Explain “ONE” major result of each event listed below:(Keep it simply accurate)
Kennedy election in 1960Kennedy’s “New Frontier”Bay of Pigs invasionCuban Missile CrisisBerlin Wall constructionPeace Corps / Alliance for ProgressU.S. Victory in Race to the MoonJohnson’s Great Society