Slide 1

Goal 4.01: The Unity and DiversityRoots:Di = twoPro = beforeUni = oneMulti = many Proto = firstPseudo = falseCon = togetherIn = not/withoutSeptum = fold/divisionArthro = jointedAppend = to joinExo = outerMorph = shapeEcto = outsideDorm = sleepGymno = nakedAngio = flowerd1Lesson 24: Classification SystemsClassification = systematic grouping of organisms based on common characteristics

Taxonomist = scientists who study how to classify organisms.http://www.simpletruths.tv/store/videos/EENPvideo.html

Aristotledeveloped earliest classification system

LinneausDeveloped the binomial nomenclature (named for Genus species) system:DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus species

(Did King Phillip Come Over For Good spaghetti?)DOMAINBACTERIAARCHAEAEUKARYAKINGDOMEubacteriaArachaeaBacteriaProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimaliaCELL TYPEProkaryoteProkaryoteEukaryote EukaryoteEukaryoteEukaryoteCELL STRUCTURECell wall, peptidoCell wall,NO peptidoMixedCell wallCell wall, celluloseNo cell wallBODY FORMUnicellularUnicellularUnicell and MulticellUnicell and MulticellMulticellmulticellNUTRITIONAutotroph and heteroAutotroph and heteroAutotroph and heteroHeterotropAutotrophicheterotropDOMAINS AND KINGDOMSGuess which belongs to which!

Where does it belong?Dichotomous Key Activityhttp://www.lnhs.org/hayhurst/ips/dichot/Lesson 25: Classifying Using KeysDichotomous Key = uses pairs of statements/questionsSteps for using a dichotomous key:Observe organism.Select one option from a set of two descriptive statements.Go to the next set of statements as directed depending on your answer to the previous set.Continue in this manner until you reach the identification name of the organism.Classification Level Keys = compare organisms according to their levels of classification.

Organism

DOMAIN EUKARYAEUKARYA EUKARYA

KINGDOM ANIMALANIMAL PLANT

PHYLUM CHORDATE ARTHROPODMAGNOLIOPHYTE

CLASS MAMMAL INSECTMAGNOLIOPSID

ORDER PRIMATE ODONATE ASTERALE

FAMILY HOMINID AESHNIDAE ASTERACEAE

GENUS HOMO AESHNA HELIANTHUS

species sapiens eremita agrestusWhich two organisms are most closely related?L24-L25 QUIZCLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS1. The systematic grouping of organisms based on common characteristics is calleda. Taxonomyb. Classificationc. Systematics2. Scientists who study how to classify organisms are calleda. Taxonomistsb. Classificationistsc. Systematists3. Who developed the earliest classification system?a. Linneausb. Aristotlec. Darwin4. Which of the following is the correct order of classification?a. Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, speciesb. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, speciesc. Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, speciesWhich is more closely related to humans?a. An insectb. A plantc. A reptileDOMAINBACTERIAARCHAEAEUKARYAKINGDOM6.ArachaeaBacteria7.8.9.10.CELL TYPEProkaryoteProkaryoteEukaryote EukaryoteEukaryoteEukaryoteCELL STRUCTURECell wall, peptidoCell wall,NO peptidoMixedCell wallCell wall, celluloseNo cell wallBODY FORMUnicellularUnicellularUnicell and MulticellUnicell and MulticellMulticellmulticellNUTRITIONAutotroph and heteroAutotroph and heteroAutotroph and heteroHeterotropAutotrophicheterotropWord bank:AnimaliaPlantaeProtozoaEubacteriaProtistaFungi 11. A key that uses a system of asking two questions at a time to lead the user to identify a specific organism is called a a. taxonomic keyb. classification levels keyc. dichotomous key12. A key that compares organisms according to their levels of classification is called aa. taxonomic keyb. classification levels keyc. dichotomous key

13.-20. List in order the classification of humans.

Word bank: AnimaliasapiensHomoChordateHominidPrimateEukaryaMammal

Life Functions of BacteriaAll bacteria are unicellular.

Capsule, Cell wall & Membrane. One long circular DNA Plasmids = small circular DNA Flagellum on some. NO Nucleus. Ribosomes

Plasmid Shapes of Bacteria: coccus spirillum bacillus

www.ynet.co.il

biology.touchspin.com

www.madrimasd.org

BINARY FISSION = asexual reproduction of bacteria

CONJUGATION= sexual reproduction of bacteria

Pili are extended and link.Bacteria are pulled together and fuse.Plasmid DNA is replicated.Copy of Plasmid DNA is transferred to recipientbacteria.RecipientLesson 26: Life Functions in ProtistsProtozoans = animal-like

flagellates = use flagella amoebas = use pseudopods ciliates = use cilia two nuclei (macro and micro) conjugation = swapping genes

CONJUGATION

sporozoans = reproduce with sporesProtozoans = animal-like

MALARIAsporessporessporesAlgae = plant-like

diatoms = silicon dinoflagellates = use flagella euglenoids = use flagella and have chloroplasts red algae = live deep oceandangerous algal blooms brown algae = seaweed green algae = chloroplasts, alternation of generations

DIATOMS

flagellumchloroplast

Alternation of GenerationsAlternates between diploid and haploid.SexualAsexualMolds = fungus-like

slime molds = colorful blobs water molds = tiny threads

Bacteria (11:06) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3500E1AE-5D3A-4F0C-A14C-162B698EF6E6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=USProtista and Fungi (20:00) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=11289F0B-4605-4523-8CFC-F04D79F7750F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=USL26 QUIZBACTERIA AND PROTOZOAList all of the following that are characteristics of bacteria.Cell wall but no membrane. One long circular DNA. Plasmids = small circular DNA. Flagellum on some. NO Nucleus. Ribosomes are present. All are multicellular.

2-8. Match the labeled bacterial cell structures to the words below.a. Pilib. Flagellumc. Cell membraneRibosomes CapsuleCell wallCytoplasm

2.3.4.5.6.7.8.What is the asexual reproduction of bacteria called?a. Conjugationb. Binary fissionc. Duplication

10a. What do we call the sexual reproduction of bacteria?a. Conjugationb. Binary fissionc. Duplication

Place the following steps of bacterial conjugation in the correct sequence.

Bacteria are pulled together and fuse.Copy of Plasmid DNA is transferred to recipientbacteria. C. Pili are extended and link. D. Plasmid DNA is replicated.

11. What is the primary difference between bacterial conjugation and bacterial binary fission?a. Conjugation is asexual and binary fission is sexual.b. Conjugation is sexual and binary fission is asexual.c. Conjugation transfers DNA and binary fission transfers RNA.d. Conjugation transfers RNA and binary fission transfers DNA.

12. Which of the following is NOT true of Protozoans?a. Protozoans are unicellular.b. Protozoans are animal-like organisms.c. All protozoans have flagella.d. Some protozoans reproduce sexually.

Which of the following is NOT true of protozoan locomotion?a. Flagellates use flagella.b. Cilliates use cilia.c. Amoebas use amoebia.

Which of the following is NOT true of protozoans?a. Ciliates have two nuclei.b. Sporozoan gametes are called spores.c. Malaria is a sporozoan that is transferred by mosquitoes.

What does Alternation of Generations mean?a. An organism spends part of its life in a haploid state and part in a diploid state.b. An organism spends part of its life as a spore and part as a seed.c. An organism spends part of its life as a flower and part as a plant.

Mark the following as TRUE or FALSE.

16. Diatoms are made of silicon.17. Dinoflagellates use flagella.18. Euglenoids use flagella and have mitochondria.19. Red algae live deep ocean and produce dangerous algal blooms.20. Brown algae is also called seaweed.21. Green algae has chloroplasts and alternation of generations.

Which of the following would you most likely find in a damp basement?a. Slime moldb. Water mold

Matching:

Coccusa. Rod-shapedSpirillum b. Spherical Bacillus c. SpiralLesson 27: Life Functions in Annelid WormsInvertebrate = no backboneSepta = walls that separate body into segmentsClosed circulatory system = blood runs through vesselsMovement = alternately contracting muscles

Earthworm Movement http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=F46DA587-8F6E-4D48-94C5-CE5A7B2F63E5&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=USOligochaetes = earthwormsLeeches = parasitesPolychaetes = oceanicLesson 28: Life Functions of Insects

(all legs are attached to the thorax)Exoskeleton = outside skeletonMouthparts = sucking, bitingSensory = antennae, compound eyes, chemical receptorsCirculation = open circulatory systemhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6133-incredible-insects-bees-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/384-how-bees-work-video.htmCOMPLETE Metamorphosis = egg larva pupa adult

INCOMPLETE Metamorphosis = egg nymph adult Metamorphosishttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=89CB6B53-4AAE-4F1C-BBA3-E1B133B7A3D4&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Lesson 29: Life Functions in AmphibiansMetamorphosis = egg larva - adult

Lungs 3-chambered heart 2 loops for blood

Ectothermic = cold-blooded Dormant in winter or drought

Anura = frogs/toads Caudata = salamanders Caecilians = snake-like

Frog from fertilized cell to tadpoleFrog development video

Reptiles and Amphibians (43:31) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=9AF59819-F781-462B-822B-8FDA4BEB534D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=USAbout Reptiles Dry scaly skin. Cold-blooded. Some lay eggs, other have live births.

www.furiouscylon.com

pricklypalace.com

blog.desertcanyonreptiles.comL27-L29 QUIZAnnelid Worms, Insects, and Reptiles/AmphibiansTrue or False:

1. Invertebrates have no backbone.2. Walls that separate an earthworms body into segments are called septa.3. Annelid worms have an open circulatory system.4. Annelid worms move by alternately contracting muscles.Matching:

5. Oligochaetesa. Oceanic annelid worms6. Polychaetes b. Parasites 7. Leeches c. Earthworms

8.9.10.11.12.13.14.Label the illustration using the following words:

LegsThoraxMouthpartsHeadAntennaeAbdomenWings True or False:

In an insect all of the legs are attached to the abdomen.Insects have a closed circulatory system.Insects have an exoskeleton and therefore do not have a backbone.Insects have compound eyes that are made of multiple visual parts.

Label the illustration using the following words:

PupaLarvaeAdultEgg Incomplete metamorphosisComplete metamorphosis19.20.21.22.23.Which of the following represents the life cycle of an amphibian?

a. Egg, larva, pupa, adultb. Egg, larva, adultc. Egg, nymph, adultd. Egg, larva, tadpole, adult

True or False:

Amphibians have a closed circulatory system.Adult amphibians respiratory system includes lungs.Amphibians are ectothermic, meaning they warm their bodies using outside sources.In a drought, amphibians will hibernate.

Matching: List all that apply.

Snake-like amphibiansa. AnuraSlimy skinb. CaudataSalamandersc. CaeciliansToads/frogsd. ReptilesScaly skinLay eggsEctothermic Endothermic

www.2kiwis.co.ukLife Functions in FishLateral Line System = sensory line that runs along the sides of fish allowing them to sense when other organisms are nearby.

Lateral Line Systembss.sfsu.edubioweb.uwlax.eduLesson 30: Life Functions in MammalsMammary glands = specialized glands that produce milk for young.

Diaphragm = large muscle at bottom of ribs that forces air into and out of the lungs.

Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals4-Chambered Heart

Closed Circulatory System(blood is in vessels)Endotherms(make our own heat)

MovementBRAINhttp://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/

Lesson 30: Life Functions in MammalsREPRODUCTION:Umbilical Cord = connection between baby and mother through which nutrients, oxygen and wastes are exchanged.

Placenta = sac that the baby is in

Marsupials = early development of baby in a pouch

Monotremes = mammals that layeggsMiniature horse foalinghttp://www.bitoblue.com/video.html

Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals

EmbryoFetusmhhe.com

Human Embryos

www.sciencemuseum.org.uk

www.odec.ca

octopusmom.wordpress.com

www.digitaljournal.comHuman Fetuses

www.sideshowworld.com

moniquemonicat.files.wordpress.com

missinglink.ucsf.edu

www.prolifeforum.orgLesson 31: Life Functions in PlantsVascular Plants: All other plantsNonVascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts

Mosses

Liverworts

Hornworts

Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants

GametophyteSporophyte

Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants

Angiosperms flower plantsGymnosperms cone plants

Male/Pollen

Female/OvuleLesson 31: Life Functions in Plants

Pollination = when the pollen falls into the female part of the plant.Fertilization = when the sperm and egg are united to form a zygote.

Seed Plants Angiosperms and Gymnosperms http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=481451C7-6051-4E46-9564-A6C08F3FC552&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=USLesson 31: Life Functions in Plants

Cotyledon = seed leaf;provides nutrients for young growthMonocotyledon = One seed leafDicotyledon =Two seed leavesPlant Movement? Sure!Tropism = responses of plants to external stimuli

Gravitropism = movement of plants in response to gravity.

Roots growing downwardwww.clubkayak.comPlant Movement? Sure!Phototropism = movement of plants in response to light.

Sunflowers following the sun

iprojectideas.blogspot.compixalo.com

Plant Movement? Sure!Thigmotropism = movement of plants in response to touch.Vines climbing a treefarm1.static.flickr.comWhich of the following is true of mammals?Mammals feed their young with regurgitated foods.Mammals feed their young with mammary glands.Mammals do not feed their young, the young forage for food themselves.

L30-L31 QUIZMammals and PlantsMammals breathe with a muscle called theLungsDiaphragmAbdomen

True or False:3. Mammals have a 3-chambered heart like amphibians. 4. Mammals are mobile.5. Mammals are endothermic.True or False:6. Mammal fetuses are receive nutrients, oxygen and remove waste through a structure called the umbilical cord.7. Mammal fetuses are enclosed in a protective sack called the placenta.8. In Monotremes, early development occurs in a pouch following actual birth.9. Marsupials are mammals that lay eggs.Which of the following are vascular plants?LiverwortsHornwortsTomato plantsMosses Which of the following is not true of non-vascular plants?They exhibit alternation of generations.They live part of their lives as diploid organisms and part as haploid organisms.They produce sporophytes and gametophytes.They produce seeds and flowering parts. Which of the following is not an angiosperm?Dogwood treeRose bushChristmas tree Tomato plant

Matching:

a. Pollinationb. Fertilization

Transfer of pollen from one angiosperm to another.When pollen and ovule join to create the zygote.

Study for a Quiz on Flower StructuresUse the following list of terms to identify the parts of the flower below.AntherSepalPetalStamenOvaryFilamentStyleStigmaPeduncleCarpel

22.21.20.18.15.17.16.24.23.19.The sensory organ in fish that allows them to remain in a large group, turning and moving together without bumping into each other is called theDorsal finLateral finVentral lineLateral line

Which of the following best describes a dicot?A vascular plant in which the seed has only one cotyledon.A vascular plant in which the seed has two cotyledons.A nonvascular plant in which the spores have only one cotyledon.A nonvascular plant in which the spores have two cotyledons.

Lesson 32: AdaptationsPlant AdaptationsAnimal AdaptationsWhy do plants and animals need adaptations?

To survive!

Vascular tissue allows plant to live on land.

Roots allow plants to remain in place.

Shoots allow plants to grow toward more sun.

Leaves are broadened to catch more sunlight.

Stems are adapted to hold water.

Flowers are adapted to catch dinner!

Moth wings have fake eyes to scare off predators.

Some animals produce toxins to keep predators from eating them.

Some animals adapted speed to catch food.

Jellyfish sting and paralyze their prey.

Bats use sound waves to move in the dark and catch dinner!

Camouflage = blending in

Mimicry = copying something that increases chances of survival.

Camouflage = ability to hide by blending into the surroundings.Coevolution = when two species develop adaptations as a response to each other.

Mimicry = adaptation that enables some animals to look like more dangerous animals.

Red and Yellow, kill a fellow.Red and Black, take it back.Snake Fun! Is it safe?

Camouflage = ability to blend in with their surroundings

Flash: Exploring the Diversity of Life: Not What They Seem [10:00]