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6C. 2 x 3C. -2 NAD. NAD. GAPDH. NADH + H +. ADP. +4 ATP. ATP. PEP. ADP. 2 x 3C. ATP. Pyruvate. -2 NAD. CoASH + NAD. -2 CoASH. PDHC. CO 2 + NADH + H +. 2x 2C. Acetyl- CoA. Glycolysis. Glucose. ATP. ADP. -2 ATP. ATP. ADP. T3P. Glycolysis simplified. Glucose. 2 NAD. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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GlucoseATPADP
ATPADP
PDHC
Acetyl-CoA
CoASH + NAD
CO2 + NADH + H+
T3P
PEP
Pyruvate
ADP
ATP
ADPATP
NAD
NADH + H+GAPDH
-2 ATP
+4 ATP
-2 NAD
-2 NAD
-2 CoASH
6C
2 x 3C
2 x 3C
2x 2C
Glycolysis
Glycolysissimplified
Glucose
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CoASH + 2 NAD
2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
Malate
Fumarate
Succinate
Succinyl-CoA
OAA
2-KG
Citrate
Acetyl-CoA
CO2
Isocitrate
4C
2C
6C
4C
CoASH + NAD
NADH + H+
NAD
NADH + H+
CoASH
ADPATP
CoASH
FAD
FADH2
NAD
NADH + H+
FAD + 2 ATP
NAD + 3 ATP
3 ATP + NAD
3 ATP + NAD
CO2
+ O2TCA / Respiration
2 Acetyl-CoA
6 NADH + 6 H+
2 FADH2 + 2 H+
2 ATP
2 CoASH
TCA / Respirationsimplified
18 ATP + 6 NAD
4 ATP + 2 FAD
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 Acetate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 CoASH
2 Acetyl~P
Pi
Acetate Fermentation
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 Acetate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 CoASH
simplified
An alternative
Glucose
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CoASH + 2 NAD
2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
Respiration
6 NADH + 6 H+
2 FADH2 + 2 H+
2 ATP
18 ATP + 6 NAD
4 ATP + 2 FAD
6 ATP + 2 NAD
6 ATP + 2 NAD
2 CoASH
38 ATP
Glucose
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CoASH + 2 NAD
2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
Fermentationversus
2 Acetate
2 ADP
2 ATP
< 4 ATP
2 CoASH
Glucose
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CoASH + 2 NAD
2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
To recycle NADsacrifice energy (ATP)
4 ATP
2 Lactate
2 NAD2 NADH+ 2 H+
2 ATP
2 ATP2 NAD + 2 CoASH
2 NADH + 2 H+
2 NAD
2 Ethanol
2 NADH + 2H+
2 CoASH
2 Pi
2 Acetate
2 ADP
2 ATP
Glucose
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
To recycle NADsacrifice energy (ATP)
Lactate
NADNADH+ H+
Acetyl-CoA
CoASH + NAD
CO2 + NADH + H+
3 ATP
CoASH
Pi
Acetate
ADP
ATP
GlucitolGlucoseGlucuronic acid
oxidized reduced
To generate ATP or to recycle NADRedox state of the carbon source matters
NAD + CoASH
NADH + H+
NAD
Ethanol
NADH + H+
CoASH
Pi
Acetate
ADP
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Glucuronic acidHighly oxidized
NADNADH + H+
GlucitolHighly reduced
NADNADH + H+
To generate ATP or to recycle NADRedox state of the carbon source matters
EIIC
Glucose
CM
Glucose-6-P
EIIB
EIIB
EIIA
EIIA
HPr
HPr
EI
EI
PEP
Pyr
P
P
P
P
Getting Glucose InPhosphosugar Transferase System
PTS
Glucose
ATPADP
PDHC
Acetyl-CoA
CoASH + NAD
CO2 + NADH + H+
2 T3P
2 PEP
Pyruvate
ADP
ATP
2 ADP2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+GAPDH
Glycolysis + PTS
pyruvate
PTS
Glucose
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CoASH + 2 NAD
2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
6 NADH + 6 H+
2 FADH2 + 2 H+
2 ATP
18 ATP + 6 NAD
4 ATP + 2 FAD
6 ATP + 2 NAD
6 ATP + 2 NAD
2 CoASH
38 ATP
Low glucoseSufficient oxygen
CO2 + NADH + H+
Glucose
Acetyl-CoA
CoASH + NAD
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
High glucoseSufficient oxygen
Aerobic fermentationBacterial Crabtree Effect
Overflow metabolismMixed acid fermentation
Acetate
ADP
ATP
CoASH
Lactate
NADNADH+ H+
Consequences of the PTS
EIIC
Glucose
CM
Glucose-6-P
EIIB
EIIB
EIIA
EIIA
HPr
HPr
EI
EI
PEP
Pyr
P
P
P
P
6 NADH + 6 H+
2 FADH2 + 2 H+
2 ATP
Consequences of the PTSmechanism
EIIC
Glucose
CM
Glucose-6-P
EIIB
EIIB
EIIA
EIIA
HPr
HPr
EI
EI
PEP
Pyr
P
P
P
P
CMAC
ATP cAMP CRP lac
Inducer exclusion
Lactose
More consequences of the PTS
Acetyl-CoA
Acetate
ADP
ATP
CoASH
Acetyl~P
Pi
Signaling by Acetate Fermentation
PTA
ACKRRRR~P
CellularProcesses
Acetyl-CoA
Acetate
ADP
ATP
CoASH
Acetyl~P
Pi
Signaling by Acetate Fermentation
An example
RcsBRcsB~P
Flagella
Capsule
Acetyl~P helps regulate the transition from free-swimming individual = planktonic
to sessile community = biofilms
Acetyl-CoA
Acetate
ADP
ATP
CoASH
Acetyl~P
Pi
Signaling by Acetate Fermentation
Another example
NtrCNtrC~P
Acetyl~P helps regulate the transition from free-swimming individual = planktonic
to sessile community = biofilms
glnAp2 Liao
Acetate Switch
Glucose
Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 NAD
2 NADH + 2 H+
Acetyl-CoA
CoASH + NAD
CO2 + NADH + H+
CoASH
Pi
Acetate
ADP
ATP
Acetyl~P Acetyl-AMPPPi
ATP
CoASH
AMPACS
ACS
ACS = acetyl-CoA synthetase
CoASH
Ac~AMP
Acetyl-CoA
AMP
Acs
ATP
PPi
AcsAcsAc ~
Inactive
PAT
glc
NAD+ NADH
GAPDH
TCANAD+
NADH
MDH
Must regenerate NAD – How?
NAD+ NADHCobB
CobB = Sir2
Acs activitydepends on NAD
Acetate
Acetyl-CoA
NAD+ NADH
glcGAPDH
Lactate
Regenerating NAD
Pyr
LDH
Lactate
LDH
The Whole Shebang
Acetyl-CoAglc
NAD+ NADH
T3PGAPDH
TCANAD+
NADHMDH
NAD+
CobBNADH
crabtree
Ac~AMP
CoASH
AMP
Acs
ATP
PPi
AcsAcsAcsAc ~
Inactive
PAT
CoASH
AMP
ATP
PPi
Ac~AMP
Acs
Ace
Pta-AckA pathway
ADP
ATP
