Globalisation & Architecture

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Moscow 17 Oct 2010

Architecture:“rethinking sustainability”

Gaëtan Siew UIA Imm P President

The World : Three attitudes

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Sustainable development?

Why ? Why?•Awareness•Economic reasons•Survival

The World : Three attitudes

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The World : Three attitudes

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N Stern reportN Stern report•It’s not too late•Climate change has serious impacts over growth & development•Stabilising costs are manageable•Delay can be more costly and dangerous•Action must be global – from all countries

Bonaire, Netherland Antilles

Economic reasonsKYOTOKYOTO•Right to emit•Joint implementation•Clean development mechanism

1 Hectare of coral reef=

•80 000 to 1 million US$/year revenue in leisure and tourism

=•25 000 to 34 000 US$ for protection

The World : Three attitudes

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Climate refugeesBangladesh

Survival

•2010 25 m•2050 250 m

NIMBY?• N ot• I n• M y• B ack• Y ard

China•30% of health costs from environmental diseases

The World : Contrasting Territories

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The world•2007 : > 50% urban population•Monster or sustainable cities ?

Sao Paulo, Brazil

An Urban World

Population m•Tokyo 35.2•Mexico 19.2•New York 18.7•Sao Paulo 18.3•Bombay 18.2•Delhi 15.0•Shanghai 14.5•Calcutta 14.3•Jakarta 13.2•Buenos Aires 12.5

GUP b €•Tokyo 1 191 •New York 1 133•Los Angeles 639•Paris 460•Chicago 460•Londres 452•Osaka-Kobe 341•Mexico 315•Philadelphia 312•Washington 299

The World : Contrasting Territories

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•3 % The world Population – 2005•2020 : 15% of EU population from Africa•Delocalisation v/s immigration

Nomades , Mali

A Mobile World

The World : Contrasting Territories

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•2,8 billions poor in 2008•Inequalities•North- South

Jodhpur, India

Rich / Poor

The World : Contrasting Territories

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Young / OldGlobal illnesses •90 % of 15-25 y old

in developing countriesin 2025

•Young and poor•Old and rich•India: 140 m old and poor•North : Diabetes – Heart•South: Aids - Malaria

ChattingHangzhou

ChattingNew York

The World : Contrasting Territories

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•Tertiary Education•Competing cities•Braindrain

KnowledgeCompetition

The World : Contrasting Territories

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•6,5 billions population•5,2 billions mobiles•4,5 billions radios•3,5 billions tv•1,6 billion computers•0,5 billion facebook

Digital Fracture

World Regionalisation

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Refuge Blocks: Sovereignty – Free Trade

DiversityRegionalisation

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Emerging nations•BRIC•2008 : FDI 65 000 billions US$

MultinationalsWorld FinanceCivil SocietyNGOs

Global Players : Networks Power

Global Entreprises•Exxon – BP – Toyota - Nokia•Vectors of norms

Global Players : Networks Power

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•Identity v/s Globalisation•Territories•Fusion•Transnational

Integrate diversityReligion politics

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•6700 Languages in the world•Universality of essential values•Diversity of cultural expressions

Individual and Culture

Global Players : Networks Power

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•2008 :World Heritage and Sites•Cultural Exception – UNESCO v/s WTO

Machu Pichu, Peru

Individual and Culture

Global Players : Networks Power

The past is not a monument but an art of living

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Sensitivity and Representation•2008: 3187 au UN - ECOSOC

Plural NGOs

Global Players : Networks Power

Sensitivity and Representation•OXFAM : 120 countries – 3000 partners•Greenpeace: 2,9 m members•WWF: 97 countries – 4,7 m members•Amnesty Int’l : 150 countries – 2,2 members•UIA: 125 countries – 1,5 m architects

Fez , Morocco

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Real time information•CNN – Al Jazeera – France 24 ?

Valencia, Spain

Technology powerGlobal Medias

Global Players : Networks Power

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies

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•2007: 923 millions hungry•Obesity and Famine

Produce and/or Eat

Nations buying land overseas especially for agriculture•Saudi Arabia in Tchad•S Korea in Ethiopia

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies

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•Fossil energy dependency•Energy use

•Transport almost solely dependent on petrol (air and sea)•Consumption stabilised in Europe and Japan•Still increasing in USA, India and Brazil•Exploded in China

Renewable energies

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies

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•Access to water and desalination•1,5 b – No access to potable water•9 countries = 60 % water world reserve

Environment Degradation

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies

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•Carbon emissions•Kyoto Protocol

Climate Challenges

CO2 Emissions tons/person•Qatar 48.3•Bahrein 27.0•Emirates 25.9•Koweit 25.7•Luxembourg 23.6

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies

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•WTO : 2008 - 153 member states•USA + EU = 40% of World Trade

World Trade Regulation

Fair Trade?

Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies

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United Nations•Global issues – Global solutions•Protection of Collective Assets

United Nations

World Governance

New political vision

to embrace all aspects of the profession

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Future Lessons

•Work•Science & Technology•Culture•Environment

•When wealth and world assets are shared•Forced or natural•Depending on our desire of solidarity

Stability – Water finds its own level

Globalisation/Crisis = Danger + Opportunity 危 机

•Reconcile•Unite•Adopt•Tame•Pacify

are signs and acts of civilisation

Learning to live together.

•Reconcile•Unite•Adopt•Tame•Pacify

are signs and acts of civilisation

Learning to live together.

Shi SheiGratias

ObrigadoMerci

SpasibaThank youShoukran

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS

Gaëtan Siew Imm P President