GLOBAL WARMING Prepared by: Maryam Ejaz BBA PART 2 BUSINESS ENGLISH MAM ROSHNA Global Warming an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth s surface and in the troposphere1, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth s surface and in the troposphere1, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns Causes Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) Power plants generate electricity Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil) kerosene, fuel oil) Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of cement, steel, aluminium) cement, steel, aluminium) Causes Other greenhouse gases emission Other greenhouse gases emission Agriculture Forestry Other land uses Waste management Example : Using natural gas to cook CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O Besides carbon dioxide, other gases such as methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides and ozone also contribute to the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Some infrared radiation is trapped Greenhouse effect Serious greenhouse effect Global Warming How serious the problem is?... Increase in greenhouse gases Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities Leads to the increasing seriousness of global warming Global surface temperatures increased about 0.6C/century since the late19th century increased to 2C/century over the past 25 years Sea level rising rising at an average rate of mm/year over the past 100 years rising at an average rate of mm/year over the past 100 years NOT globally uniform warming Warming parts: Warming parts: North America Eurasia Cooling parts: Cooling parts: parts of the southeastern U.S. Regional Temperatures Environmental and Human Effects Extreme Effects Extreme Events: Extreme Events: Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Global warming An increase in the frequency of extreme events More event-related deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders Extreme Events: Extreme Events: Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and Droughts Global warming An increase in the frequency of extreme events More event-related deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders UV Exposure (Australia) Skin Cancer Skin Cancer an abnormal growth of skin tissues. Premature aging Premature aging make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery Cataracts Cataracts No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes UV Exposure (Australia) Other Eye Damages Other Eye Damages Skin cancer around the eyes Degeneration of the yellow spot Suppression of Immunity Suppression of Immunity Overexposure to UV radiation suppress proper functioning of the body's immune system and natural defenses of skin UV-B radiation weakens the immune system increases the chance of infection and disease Measures on controlling the problem Government Government * set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories * set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories * develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy * develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy * encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution * encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution * carry out energy saving scheme reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels * carry out energy saving scheme reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels * build more plants reduce the pollutants e.g. CO 2 * build more plants reduce the pollutants e.g. CO 2 Measures on controlling the problem Citizens Citizens * reduce the use of plastic bags as burning plastic emit CH4 * reduce the use of plastic bags as burning plastic emit CH4 * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic * reduce the use of sprays as CFCs would be emitted out * reduce the use of sprays as CFCs would be emitted out Measures on controlling the problem * reduce the use of air-conditioner, which will emit CFCs * use public transportation instead of private cars reduce the pollutants emitted by cars Sources ed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htmed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htmed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htmed/text/globalissue/e_m2_2_6.htm GMsg5.htmGMsg5.htmGMsg5.htmGMsg5.htmming.htmlming.htmlming.htmlming.html