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REACTIONS PUBLISHING GROUPNestor HousePlayhouse YardLondon EC4V 5EXUnited Kingdomtel: +44 (0)20 7779 8184fax:+44 (0)20 7779 8200e-mail: [email protected]: www.reactionsnet.com
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-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 GMT +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 +11 +12
Negligible risk
TERRORISM RISK
High risk
CITY TERRORISM RISK
Low risk
Medium risk
High risk
Extreme risk
Marxist / Leftist
TERRORIST THREAT
Far right / Anarchist / Single interest
Nationalist / Separatist
Narco / Organised crime
Islamic Fundamentalist
Scale 1:500,000. Rated by Aon Special Risks Counter Terrorism as at Feb 2003. The Terrorism Risk ratings are compiled from various sources and may be affected by general perceptions of the terrorism risk insurance market and insurance capacity issues. Reactions and Aon Limited accept no responsibility for the completeness or accuracy of the information contained herein.
KEY TO SYMBOLS
GLOBAL TERRORISM RISK 2003
© Aon Limited 2003
Special Risks Counter Terrorisma division of Aon Crisis Management
8 Devonshire SquareLondon EC2M 4PL
United Kingdomtel: +44 (0)20 7623 5500fax: +44 (0)20 7301 4151
e-mail: [email protected]: www.terrorism.co.ukwww.terrorism.co.uk
Special Risks Counter Terrorisma division of Aon Crisis ManagementIn association with:
www.euromoney.com
MAJOR ACTS OF TERRORISM WORLDWIDEDeaths/Serious Property Damage /Economic Loss
Date Location Event Perpetrator Injuries US$ (est indexed to 2002)10 Feb 03 Bogota, Car bomb inside nightclub building FARC 33 fatalities
Colombia 168 injured27 Dec 02 Grozny, Two car/truck bombs outside Chechen Rebels 80 fatalities
Chechnya headquarters of ruling Russian party Over 150 injured28 Nov 02 Mombasa, Car bomb attack on Paradise Hotel. Al Qaeda 18 fatalities Serious impact on Kenyan tourism
Kenya Failed missile attack on Israeli aircraft Over 80 injured industry – US$ amount uncertain12 Oct 02 Bali, Indonesia Car bomb outside nightclub frequented by Islamic militants 190 fatalities
tourists (pos Al Qaeda links) Over 300 injured11 Oct 02 Yemen offshore French oil tanker “Limburg” attacked by Al Qaeda 1 fatality US$85m plus oil clean up costs
waters suicide bombers using a small speedboat11 Sep 01 New York & Terror attacks against WTC and Pentagon Al Qaeda 3,030 fatalities US$20bn insured property damage
Washington DC by hijacked airliners 2,337 injured US$100bn economic loss24 Jul 01 Colombo Int’l Rebels destroy 3 airliners, 8 military aircraft Tamil Tigers 20 fatalities US$398m insured property damage
Airport, Sri Lanka and heavily damage 3 civilian aircraft 15 injured13 Sep 99 Moscow, Russia Bomb explosion destroys apartment building Alleged Chechen Rebels 118 fatalities15 Aug 98 Omagh, Car bomb The ‘Real IRA’ – 28 fatalities Major damage to Omagh covered
N. Ireland, UK IRA splinter group Over 200 injured by UK Government indemnity07 Aug 98 Nairobi, Kenya Two simultaneous truck bomb attacks Al Qaeda 253 fatalities Major damage to US Gov property
Dar es-Salaam, trigger damage in and around US embassy 5,075 injured US$175m est economic lossTanzania
23 Nov 96 Comoros Islands, Hi-jacked Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767-260 Ethiopian hijackers 127 fatalities US$45m insured property damageIndian Ocean ditched at sea (pos Islamic extremists
links)25 Jun 96 Dharan, Tanker truck bomb at Khobar Towers Saudi dissidents 19 fatalities Major damage to US Gov property
Saudi Arabia building housing US military personnel (pos Al Qaeda links) 64 injured15 Jun 96 Manchester, UK Explosion of IRA van bomb near shopping Irish Republican 228 injured US$744m insured property damage
mall Army (IRA) Economic loss > US$1,000m09 Feb 96 London, UK IRA truck bomb attack in South Key, Provisional Irish 2 fatalities US$259m insured property damage
Docklands Rep Army (PIRA) 100 injured31 Jan 96 Colombo, Truck Bomb attack on Colombo City Centre Tamil Tigers 91 fatalities US$6m insured property damage
Sri Lanka 1,500 injured13 Nov 95 Riyadh, Bomb at US offices of Saudi National Guard Saudi dissidents 7 fatalities Major damage to US Gov property
Saudi Arabia Military HQ (pos Al Qaeda links) 60 injured19 Apr 95 Oklahoma City, Truck bomb attack on Government building Right wing militia 166 Fatalities US$150m insured property damage
USA in Oklahoma City 467 Injured20 Mar 95 Tokyo Subway, Sarin nerve agent attack on subway Aum Shinrikyo 12 fatalities
Japan (Doomsday) cult Over 50 injured 18 Jul 94 Buenos Aires Bomb attack on building of Jewish Hizbollah with pos 95 fatalities
organisation local activists 147 injured 24 Apr 93 London, UK Bomb explodes near Nat West Tower Provisional Irish 1 fatality US$907m insured property damage
– London Financial District Republican Army (PIRA) 54 injured US$2,000m est economic loss12 Mar 93 Bombay, India Series of 13 bomb attacks Criminal gangs / 300 fatalities US$6m insured property damage
Islamic militants 1,100 injured26 Feb 93 New York, USA Van bomb explodes in garage of World Al Qaeda linked 6 fatalities US$725m insured property damage
Trade Center 1,000 injured US$1,500m est economic loss10 Apr 92 London, UK Truck bomb explodes near Baltic Exchange / Provisional Irish 3 fatalities US$671m insured property damage
CU Tower – London Financial District Republican Army (PIRA) 91 injured US$3,000m est economic loss21 Dec 88 Lockerbie, UK Pan Am Boeing 747 destroyed by bomb in Libyan agents 270 fatalities US$145m insured property damage
baggage hold – wreckage lands on houses23 Jun 85 North Atlantic Air India B-747 destroyed by bomb in Sikh extremists 329 fatalities US$156m insured property damage
Ocean baggage hold23 Oct 83 Beirut, Lebanon Suicide truck bombing of US Marine Lebanese Islamic Jihad 300 fatalities
barracks and French paratrooper base 100 injured Data from various sources including Swiss Re
TERRORIST METHODSType TANKER TRUCK BOMBCharge 5,000kg to 10,000kg of high explosiveDetonation Triggered by mobile phone/pager,
electronic timer or suicide driverPotential Destruction and collapse of multiple
high rise buildings. Serious structural damage within 1000 metre radius. 1000s of casualties, fire and damage to utilities
Used by Al Qaeda – Khobar Towers bomb, Dharan, 25 Jun 96
Type SUICIDE ‘HIGH SPEED’ BOATCharge 100kg to 200kg of plastic explosive
in ‘shaped charge’Detonation Triggered electronically by boat driverPotential Critical damage to large vessel at
waterline, multiple casualties andpossible sinking. Environmental pollution catastrophe
Used by Al Qaeda – USS Cole, Aden, Yemen, 12 Oct 99, and “Limburg” attack, offshore Yemen, 11 Oct 02
Type SHOULDER FIRED ‘SURFACE TO AIR’ MISSILE
Charge Approx 2kg of high explosiveDetonation Heat seeking missile explodes upon
impact with aircraft enginePotential Low cost weapon (US$5,000 to
US$20,000) and easily obtainable. Destruction of civil airliner
Used by Al Qaeda – Dar es Salaam Airport, Tanzania, 28 Nov 02
Type VAN BOMBCharge 500kg to 1,000kg of high explosiveDetonation Triggered remotely by mobile phonePotential Destruction and collapse of adjacent buildings. Serious structural damage within
400 metre radius. 100s of casualties, fire and damage to utilitiesUsed by Al Qaeda – Bali nightclub bomb, 12 Oct 02
Explosive embedded with detonator cord linked to firing mechanism in truck cab
Plastic explosivepacked under seat
Sights
Launcher
Trigger
TERRORIST METHODSType AEROSOL DEVICECharge Anthrax spores or other biological
agentRelease Triggered by timer or remotely.
Compressed air forces agent/vapourthrough fine nozzles
Potential Widespread death and disease. Evacuation and long term quarantine of properties/metropolitan areas. Mass panic
Used by Intelligence sources have found evidence of terrorist group interest and research
Type BURSTER DEVICECharge Sarin nerve gas or other chemical
agent contained in small cylinder(in brief case or small bag/box)
Detonation Detonator cord triggered by simpletimer. Small explosion disperses agent
Potential Localised poisoning causing death and injury. Evacuation and quarantine of properties/transit systems. Mass panic
Used by Aum Shinrikyo (Doomsday) Cult, Tokyo Subway, 20 Mar 95
Type IMPROVISED MORTARCharge Approx 2kg of high explosiveDetonation 50-1000 metre range with detonation
upon impactPotential Home made weapon that can be fired
from outside security cordon at highvalue/security targets. Localised property damage and multiple casualties
Used by IRA, FARC, ETA and many other terrorist groups worldwide. Over 100 recordedattacks in 2002
Nozzles
Timer
Valve
Compressed air cylinder
Car battery
Biologicalagent
Timer
9vbattery
Trigger
Cylinder containing chemical agent
Detonator taped to cylinder
Mortar bomb launched from simple welded pipe