Terrorism

Terrorism

Act

Terrorism

Act Agent

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent Must be non-state?

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent Must be non-state? Civilians

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent Must be non-state? Civilians

Military?

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent Must be non-state? Civilians

Military?

Property, or just people?

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent Must be non-state? Civilians Political change

Military?

Property, or just people?

Terrorism

Act Agent Victim Purpose

Violent Must be non-state? Civilians Political change

Military?

Property, or just people?

UNSC:

any act "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians

or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population

or compelling a government or an international organization to do or

abstain from doing any act".

Justifications Last resort

Justifications Last resort Only effective strategy

Justifications Last resort Only effective strategy Revenge

bin-Laden

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples:

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel. U.S. attacks on Muslims in Somalia (Mogadishu, 1993), support for the Russian war against Muslim separatists in Chechnya, support for Indian security forces fighting mujahadeen in Kashmir, support for Israeli invasions of Lebanon.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel. U.S. attacks on Muslims in Somalia (Mogadishu, 1993), support for the Russian war against Muslim separatists in Chechnya, support for Indian security forces fighting mujahadeen in Kashmir, support for Israeli invasions of Lebanon. Maintenance and control of oppressive non-Islamic governments in Muslim countries.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel. U.S. attacks on Muslims in Somalia (Mogadishu, 1993), support for the Russian war against Muslim separatists in Chechnya, support for Indian security forces fighting mujahadeen in Kashmir, support for Israeli invasions of Lebanon. Maintenance and control of oppressive non-Islamic governments in Muslim countries. Extortion of Muslim oil through military threats.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel. U.S. attacks on Muslims in Somalia (Mogadishu, 1993), support for the Russian war against Muslim separatists in Chechnya, support for Indian security forces fighting mujahadeen in Kashmir, support for Israeli invasions of Lebanon. Maintenance and control of oppressive non-Islamic governments in Muslim countries. Extortion of Muslim oil through military threats. U.S. military bases in Muslim countries.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel. U.S. attacks on Muslims in Somalia (Mogadishu, 1993), support for the Russian war against Muslim separatists in Chechnya, support for Indian security forces fighting mujahadeen in Kashmir, support for Israeli invasions of Lebanon. Maintenance and control of oppressive non-Islamic governments in Muslim countries. Extortion of Muslim oil through military threats. U.S. military bases in Muslim countries. Imposition of economic sanctions on Iraq, resulting in the deaths of a million children.

bin-LadenThe Muslim world (ummah) is the victim of acts of aggression by the U.S. Examples: The taking of land from Palestine for the creation of Israel. U.S. attacks on Muslims in Somalia (Mogadishu, 1993), support for the Russian war against Muslim separatists in Chechnya, support for Indian security forces fighting mujahadeen in Kashmir, support for Israeli invasions of Lebanon. Maintenance and control of oppressive non-Islamic governments in Muslim countries. Extortion of Muslim oil through military threats. U.S. military bases in Muslim countries. Imposition of economic sanctions on Iraq, resulting in the deaths of a million children.

"The oppressed have a right to return the aggression" and to exact revenge.

Since the U.S. is a democracy, the people have chosen to commit aggression through their government.

Since the U.S. is a democracy, the people have chosen to commit aggression through their government. U.S. citizens willingly give financial support (taxes) to their own and Israel's armed forces which commit aggression against the ummah.

Since the U.S. is a democracy, the people have chosen to commit aggression through their government. U.S. citizens willingly give financial support (taxes) to their own and Israel's armed forces which commit aggression against the ummah. Therefore, we are justified in attacking civilians.

Since the U.S. is a democracy, the people have chosen to commit aggression through their government. U.S. citizens willingly give financial support (taxes) to their own and Israel's armed forces which commit aggression against the ummah. Therefore, we are justified in attacking civilians.

Just cause

Since the U.S. is a democracy, the people have chosen to commit aggression through their government. U.S. citizens willingly give financial support (taxes) to their own and Israel's armed forces which commit aggression against the ummah. Therefore, we are justified in attacking civilians.

Just causeLegitimate authority

Since the U.S. is a democracy, the people have chosen to commit aggression through their government. U.S. citizens willingly give financial support (taxes) to their own and Israel's armed forces which commit aggression against the ummah. Therefore, we are justified in attacking civilians.

Just causeLegitimate authorityDiscrimination