Global Positioning Systems

Global Positioning SystemsGlobal Positioning Systems

Jessie FowlsJessie FowlsBoise State UniversityBoise State UniversityOperations Management – 345Operations Management – 345

Topics That Will Be Topics That Will Be CoveredCovered

• GPS definitionGPS definition• Brainstorming ExerciseBrainstorming Exercise• GPS basic breakdownGPS basic breakdown• How GPS worksHow GPS works• Real World ExampleReal World Example• Application ExerciseApplication Exercise• SummarySummary

GPS DefinitionGPS Definition

• Worldwide space-based radio Worldwide space-based radio navigation system consisting of as navigation system consisting of as constellation of 24 satellites and constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations.their ground stations.11

Brainstorming ExerciseBrainstorming Exercise

• How could GPS be used in your How could GPS be used in your company?company?

• What areas of your company would What areas of your company would benefit most from GPS?benefit most from GPS?

GPS Basic BreakdownGPS Basic Breakdown

• Consists of 24 Earth-orbiting Consists of 24 Earth-orbiting satellitessatellites

• Solar cells power each satelliteSolar cells power each satellite• Antennas transmit timing info.Antennas transmit timing info.• Operated and maintained by U.S. Operated and maintained by U.S.

Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense


• GPS Satellite FactsGPS Satellite Facts22

– Name: NavstarName: Navstar– Altitude: 10,900 Nautical Miles (12,660 Altitude: 10,900 Nautical Miles (12,660

Miles)Miles)– Weight: 1900 lbs (in orbit)Weight: 1900 lbs (in orbit)– Size: 17ft. with solar panels extendedSize: 17ft. with solar panels extended– Orbital Period: 12 hoursOrbital Period: 12 hours


• Three componentsThree components

1)1) Space: SatellitesSpace: Satellites

2)2) Control: Master Control StationControl: Master Control Station

3)3) User Segments: ReceiversUser Segments: Receivers

How GPS WorksHow GPS Works

• Five Logical StepsFive Logical Steps33

1)1) Triangulating or TrilateratingTriangulating or Trilaterating

2)2) Measuring DistanceMeasuring Distance

3)3) Getting Perfect TimingGetting Perfect Timing

4)4) Satellite PositionsSatellite Positions

5)5) Error CorrectionError Correction


• Triangulation or TrilaterationTriangulation or Trilateration

– Using the distance of 3 satellites Using the distance of 3 satellites measured from your position measured from your position anywhere on the planetanywhere on the planet


• Trilateration IllustrationTrilateration Illustration

Suppose you knew you wereSuppose you knew you were• 625 miles from Boise625 miles from Boise• 690 miles from Minneapolis690 miles from Minneapolis• 615 miles from Tucson615 miles from Tucson


• Determines your location to be Determines your location to be somewhere near Denver.somewhere near Denver.44

Boise Minneapolis

Tucson

625 miles

615 miles

690 miles

Denver


• Measuring Distance - Coordinates Measuring Distance - Coordinates of your locationof your location

– Longitude and LatitudeLongitude and Latitude

– AltitudeAltitude


• Getting Perfect TimingGetting Perfect Timing

– Radio SignalRadio Signal

– Atomic ClockAtomic Clock


• Satellite PositionsSatellite Positions

– High OrbitsHigh Orbits

– Careful MonitoringCareful Monitoring


• Error CorrectionError Correction

– Types of error (slows signal)Types of error (slows signal)

• Charged particles in ionosphereCharged particles in ionosphere• Water vapor in troposphereWater vapor in troposphere• Ground obstructionsGround obstructions


• Error CorrectionError Correction

– Minimizing ErrorMinimizing Error

• Predicting delayPredicting delay• Comparing signal speedsComparing signal speeds• ““Dual frequency”Dual frequency”

Real World ExampleReal World Example

• U.K. Coastal ErosionU.K. Coastal Erosion55

– Problem in past and presentProblem in past and present

– GPS is used to prevent GPS is used to prevent destruction of structuresdestruction of structures

Real World ExampleReal World Example

– Monitor coastline with GPSMonitor coastline with GPS

– Technology used to predict risky areasTechnology used to predict risky areas

– Information used for future shoreline Information used for future shoreline management planningmanagement planning

ExerciseExercise

• List some possible uses for GPS in List some possible uses for GPS in general.general.

• More specifically, for what types of More specifically, for what types of things might your company use things might your company use GPS?GPS?

SummarySummary

• GPS: Global Positioning SystemsGPS: Global Positioning Systems

– Determines precise location anywhere on EarthDetermines precise location anywhere on Earth

• Uses advanced technology and an easily Uses advanced technology and an easily understandable method for calculating understandable method for calculating location.location.

• Can be used in nearly every aspect of business, Can be used in nearly every aspect of business, environment, recreation, education, etc…environment, recreation, education, etc…

SummarySummary

““GPS is to position GPS is to position what the clock was what the clock was

to time”to time”66

BibliographyBibliography

• ““All About GPS” All About GPS” http://http://www.trimble.com/gpswww.trimble.com/gps• ““Global Positioning System.” Global Positioning System.” Microsoft Microsoft

Encarta EncyclopediaEncarta Encyclopedia. 2002 ed.. 2002 ed.• Hartman, Julie. “Combination of Hartman, Julie. “Combination of

technologies improves coastal erosion technologies improves coastal erosion measurements.” measurements.” Civil EngineeringCivil Engineering Oct. Oct. 2001: 2001: 33-35.33-35.

• ““How GPS Receivers Work” How GPS Receivers Work” http://www.howstuffworks.com/gps.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/gps.htm

• Kaplan, Elliott D. ed. Kaplan, Elliott D. ed. Understanding GPS: Understanding GPS: Principles and ApplicationsPrinciples and Applications 1st ed. 1st ed. Boston: Boston: Artech House, 1996. 487.Artech House, 1996. 487.

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Global Positioning Systems