Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Progress through Cooperation

Jason Y. Kim, Senior Advisor

13th IAIN World CongressStockholm, Sweden -- October 28, 2009

GPS is a Critical Component of the Global Information Infrastructure

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SatelliteOperationsSatellite

Operations

Power GridsPower Grids

Personal NavigationPersonal

Navigation

Communications

Communications

AviationAviation

Fishing & BoatingFishing & BoatingOil ExplorationOil Exploration

Trucking & Shipping

Trucking & Shipping

Surveying & MappingSurveying & Mapping

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture

Disease ControlDisease Control

Keys to the Global Success of GPS

• Program Stability and Performance

• Policy Stability and Transparency

• Private Sector Entrepreneurship and Investment

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The Global Positioning System

• Baseline 24 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit

• Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions

• Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies

• Two types of service:– Standard (free of direct user fees)– Precise (U.S. and Allied military)

• Three segments: – Space– Ground control– User equipment

GPS Constellation Status

• 12 Block IIA• 12 Block IIR• 7 Block IIR-M

– Transmitting new second civil signal

• U.S. Government continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need– Newest IIR-M satellites launched

• IIR-20 (M) 24 March 2009• IIR-21 (M) 17 August 2009

– Next launch: IIF ~ June 20105

31 Operational SatellitesAs of Oct 27, 2009 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

31 Operational SatellitesAs of Oct 27, 2009 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

GPS Modernization Program

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Block IIA/IIR Block IIIBlock IIR-M, IIF• Backward compatibility

• 4th civil signal (L1C)• Increased accuracy• Increased anti-jam power

• Assured availability• Navigation surety• Controlled integrity• Increased security• System survivability

IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus• 2nd civil signal (L2C)•M-Code (L1M & L2M)

IIF: IIR-M capability plus• 3rd civil signal (L5)• Anti-jam flex power

Basic GPS• Standard Service– Single frequency (L1)– Coarse acquisition

(C/A) code navigation• Precise Service– Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y)– Y-Code navigation

Increasing System Capabilities Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit

Recent GPS Accomplishments

• Second civil signal (L2C)– Designed to meet commercial needs– Higher accuracy through ionospheric

correction– IIR-20(M) is broadcasting signal now

• Third civil signal (L5)– Designed to meet demanding

requirements for safety-of-life transportation

– Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band

– IIR-20(M) is broadcasting L5 demo now

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U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology

• No direct user fees for civil GPS services– Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis

• Open, public signal structures for all civil services– Promotes equal access for user equipment

manufacturing, applications development, and value-added services

– Encourages open, market-driven competition

• Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS

• Service improvements for civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide

• Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference

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U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure

WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE

Host: Commerce

NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE

Host: Commerce

GPS International Working Group

Chair: State

GPS International Working Group

Chair: State

Engineering Forum

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

Engineering Forum

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

Ad HocWorking Groups

Ad HocWorking Groups

DefenseDefense

TransportationTransportation

StateState

InteriorInterior

AgricultureAgriculture

CommerceCommerce

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff

NASANASA

2009 Leadership & Personnel

• National Executive Committee Co-Chairs– Deputy Secretary of Defense: William J. Lynn, III– Deputy Secretary of Transportation: John D. Porcari

• National Coordination Office Staff– Director: Vacant– Deputy Director: Robert Hessin– Defense: Scott Boushell– Transportation: Ken Alexander– State: Maureen Walker – Commerce: Jason Kim, Knute Berstis– NASA: Brian Ramsay– Homeland Security: John Merrill*– Interior and Agriculture: Vacant– Contractors: David Vaughn, Steve Sidorek

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National Space-Based PNT Advisory Board

• Independent experts from outside the U.S. Government– Including five international members

• Conducts assessments and makes recommendations in support of national policy goals and objectives

• Meetings open to the public; minutes published online• Next meeting: November 5-6, 2009 (Alexandria, VA)

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U.S. Objectives in Working with Other GNSS Service Providers

• Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal– Radio frequency compatibility– Spectral separation between M-code and other signals

• Achieve interoperability ― ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used together to provide the user better capabilities than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal– Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals

• Promote a level playing field in the global marketplace

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U.S. pursuing through public sector cooperation, both bilateral and multilateral

U.S. pursuing through public sector cooperation, both bilateral and multilateral

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International Public Sector Cooperation

• Bilateral– Europe– Russia – Japan– India– Others

• Multilateral– International Committee on GNSS– Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation– ICAO, IMO, ITU

U.S.–Europe Cooperation

• GPS-Galileo cooperation agreement signed in 2004

• Four working groups established:– Compatibility/Interoperability– Trade– Next-Generation GNSS– Security

• Improved civil signal (“MBOC”) jointly adopted in 2007

• Plenary meeting held Oct 2008• U.S. seeking EC authorization of

commercial Galileo simulator sales

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Other U.S. Bilateral Cooperation

• U.S.–Japan Joint Statement on GPS cooperation signed in 1998– Established foundation for stable policy leading to Japan as a

global leader in commercial GPS/GNSS markets– Japan’s Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) designed to be

fully compatible and highly interoperable with GPS– U.S. working with Japan to set up QZSS monitoring stations in

Hawaii and Guam in exchange for data access• U.S.–Russia Joint Statement issued in 2004

– Negotiations for a U.S.–Russia Agreement on satellite navigation cooperation underway since late 2005

– Considering new civil CDMA signals to be interoperable with GPS/Galileo

• U.S.–India Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation in 2007– Important topic is ionospheric distortion/solutions to this

phenomena – Technical meetings focused on GPS-IRNSS compatibility and

interoperability held in 2008

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International Committee on GNSS

• Promotes GNSS use and integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries

• Encourages system compatibility, interoperability• Membership: GNSS providers, international

organizations and associations• Providers Forum

– United States, Europe, Russia, China, India, Japan– Focused discussions on compatibility, interoperability

• Next meeting: May 2010 in Turin, Italy

Private Sector Competition

• U.S. encourages fair private sector competition in GNSS receiver and application markets– Leads to greater innovation, lower costs

• Fair competition means no preferential treatment for any particular company(s)– Equal (if not open) access to information and

markets

• Freedom of choice desired for end users– Standards and other governmental measures

should not effectively mandate use of one GNSS over another

• U.S. agreements with other GNSS providers include language on fair trade/open markets (non-discriminatory)

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Summary

• GPS is highly dependable and its performance continues to improve

• U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations– Space-based PNT policy implementation

continues to progress

• Policy stability and transparency improve industry confidence and investment

• As new systems emerge globally, public sector cooperation is the key to success for all

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For Additional Information…

GPS.gov PNT.gov

6822 Herbert C. Hoover Building14th & Constitution Ave., NWWashington, D.C. 20230

Tel: +1 (202) 482-5809Email: PNT.office@PNT.gov