Global Indicators related to Maternal and Child Health Database User’s Manual

Created By

Cheryl T. Young, BHSc. (C), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Marcelo L. Urquia, PhD., St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Keenan Research Summer Student Program of St. Michael’s Hospital and by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (IHD-126791). We also thank the following people for their input on the development of this database: Donald Cole, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Anita Gagnon, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Patricia O’Campo, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada Joel Ray, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada

Rhonda Small, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Susitha Wanigaratne, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Why this Database?

There are wide geographic variations in health indicators of maternal, newborn and child

health (MNCH) worldwide. These variations are determined by the characteristics of the populations and the social environment of the different countries in which they live.

Ecologic studies (i.e., using countries as units of analysis) are helpful in establishing associations between health indicators and potential determinants of global health. This database, although not exhaustive, compiles many of the most relevant MNCH indicators and their determinants at the country level.

This database can also be used to explore whether the characteristics of the different countries of the world are related to the characteristics and health outcomes of their migrants settling in different destination countries. Using the Database

For an overview of the indicators in the database, open the Legends tab, where you will find the indicator codes used, a quick description of each indicator, the data source, the number of countries with a value for each indicator, and the hyperlinks to the original data source.

On each data sheet of the database, each indicator is displayed using its code. The first part of the code refers to the data source (i.e. UN, WHO, etc.), and the last part of each code refers to, if applicable, the year the data for that particular variable was taken. Otherwise, all data was retrieved by their respective sources in 2013.

Indicators were chosen on the basis of its potential relevance to MNCH for immigrant populations in Canada.

Abbreviations

CIA Central Intelligence Agency HDI Human Development Index IEP Institute for Economics and Peace INSCR Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation SC Statistics Canada TI Transparency International UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UN United Nations WB World Bank WEF World Economic Forum WHO World Health Organization

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Indicator Table of Contents

Data Sheet 1 3

1. Classifications ........................................................................................................... 3 2. Population Demographics and Health ..................................................................... 5 3. Life Expectancy ......................................................................................................... 9 4. Infrastructure and Health Care System ................................................................. 10 5. Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health ................................................................... 13

Data Sheet 2 18

6. Education ............................................................................................................... 18 7. Women’s and Gender-Related Indicators ............................................................. 21 8. Migration ................................................................................................................ 24 9. Economic, Political, and Human Development ...................................................... 25

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1. Classifications

UN_NAME United Nations (UN) Country Names The names of each country as used by the UN, as of 2013. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm SC_START_DATE Name Start Date The year the name of the country was officiated. SC_END_DATE Name End Date If applicable, the year the country’s name was changed. SC_NEW_NAME New Name

If applicable, the country’s new name and any additional notes. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subjects-sujets/standard-norme/sccai-ctpzi/scountry-rpays-2009-desc-eng.htm

UN_REG_YYYY United Nations Country Classification

For both 1990 and 2000, developing countries are classified by region, and other countries may be classified as “Industrialized countries” in 1990 and “OECD” in 2000. For 2013, all countries are classified by region.

Years Availabe: UN_REG_1990, UN_REG_2000, UN_REG_2013 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_1990_en_definitions.pdf http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2000_EN.pdf http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm UN_SREG United Nations Subregion UN_SREG_CODE United Nations Subregion Code

The subregions used by the UN, as of 2013. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm UN_NUM_CODE United Nations Numerical Country Code

The 3-digit numerical country code ascribed to each member country by the UN, as of 2013.

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm UN_ISOA3 United Nations Alpha 3 Country Code

The 3-lettered country code ascribed to each member country by the UN, as of 2013.

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradekb/Knowledgebase/Country-Code UCF_REG United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Region Classification

The regions used by UNICEF, as of 2013. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ WB_REG_YYYY World Bank (WB) Classification of Economies by Region

The regions used by WB. For 1990 and 2013, region classifications are available for developing countries only. For 2000, all countries are classified by region.

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Years Available: WB_REG_1990, WB_REG_2000, WB_REG_2013 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1990/01/01/000009265_3980217140819/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups#East_Asia_and_Pacific http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/beyond/global/classification.html

WB_INC_YYYY World Bank Classification of Economies by Income Level

Classification of countries by income by WB: Low; Lower Middle; Upper Middle; High OECD; and High Non-OECD. Years Available: WB_INC_2000, WB_INC_2013 http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups#East_Asia_and_Pacific http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/beyond/global/classification.html

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2. Population Demographics and Health

WB_POP_YYYY Total Population

Total population. Years Available: WB_POP_1985, WB_POP_1990, WB_POP_1995, WB_POP_2000, WB_POP_2005, WB_POP_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL

WB_CBR_YYYY Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Years Available: WB_CBR_1985, WB_CBR_1990, WB_CBR_1995, WB_CBR_2000, WB_CBR_2005, WB_CBR_2010

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN WB_CDR_YYYY Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Years Available: WB_CDR_1985, WB_CDR_1990, WB_CDR_1995, WB_CDR_2000, WB_CDR_2005, WB_CDR_2010

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CDRT.IN UCF_TFR_YYYY Total Fertility Rate

Number of children who would be born per woman if she lived to the end of her childbearing years and bore children at each age in accordance with prevailing age-specific fertility rates. Years Available: UNICEF_TFR_2009, UNICEF_TFR_2010 http://www.unicef.org/sowc2011/pdfs/SOWC-2011-Statistical-tables_12082010.pdf http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 6)

UN_POPGRO_YYYY Population growth rate

Average annual exponential growth rate, expressed as a percentage of the population at the start of the year. Years Available: UN_POPGROW_1990, UN_POPGROW_2000, UN_POPGROW_2005, UN_POPGROW_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/47506.html

UN_HI_YYYY Health Index

Life expectancy at birth expressed as an index using a minimum value of 20 years and observed maximum value over 1980-2010. Years Available: UN_HI_1990, UN_HI_2000, UN_HI_2005, UN_HI_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/72206.html

UN_PUN_YYYYYY Percent population undernourished

Percent of population whose food intake is chronically insufficient to meet their minimum energy requirements.

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Years Available: UN_MAL_199092, UN_MAL_200204 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_NCD_M_2008 Non-communicable deaths for males in 2008 WHO_NCD_F_2008 Non-communicable deaths for females in 2008

The total number of deaths in thousands for the year indicated. Death rates and age-standardized death rates are reported per 100,000 population per year. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A860

UN_URB_YYYY Urbanicity

Percent of population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each area or country. Years Available: UN_URB_1990, UN_URB_2000, UN_URB_2005, UN_URB_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/45106.html

UN_SP_2001 Slum population in 2001

Population living in slums (1000s) in 2001. http://ww2.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/documents/Table1.pdf

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3. Life Expectancy

UN_LEI_YYYY Life Expectancy Index

The relative achievement of a country in life expectancy at birth, which is the number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life. This indicator is one of the three dimensions of the Human Development Index composite. Years Available: UN_LEI_1998, UN_LEI_2000, UN_LEI_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_IA_LEI_YYYY Inequality-Adjusted Life Expectancy Index

The life expectancy index adjusted for inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables listed in Main data sources. This indicator is one of the three dimensions of the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index composite. Years Available: UN_IA_LEI_2010, UN_IA_LEI_2012 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Tables_reprint.pdf http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/71506.html

UN_LE_YYYY Life Expectancy

Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life. Years Available: UN_LE_1998, UN_LE_2000, UN_LE_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_LE_M_2000 Life Expectancy for males in 2000 WHO_LE_F_2000 Life Expectancy for females in 2000 WHO_LEL_M_2000 Total life expectancy lost for males in 2000 WHO_LEL_F_2000 Total life expectancy lost for females in 2000

See “Life Expectancy” above. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper38.pdf

WHO_HB_2000 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth in 2000 WHO_HB_M_2000 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth for males in 2000 WHO_HB_F_2000 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth for females in 2000 WHO_H60_M_2000 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at 60 for males in 2000 WHO_H60_F_2000 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at 60 for females in 2000

Health-adjusted life expectancy at birth for the total population, males, and females, and at age 60 for males and females in 2000. It measures the number of healthy years an individual is expected to live at birth by subtracting the years of ill health – weighted according to severity – from overall life expectancy. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper38.pdf

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WHO_LHY_M_2000 Expected lost healthy years at birth for males in 2000 WHO_LHY_F_2000 Expected lost healthy years at birth for females in 2000

“Life Expectancy” minus “Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth”, which is the expected equivalent number of years of full health lost through living in health states of less than full health.

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper38.pdf WHO_DB_1999 Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth in 1999 WHO_DB_M_1999 Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth for males in 1999 WHO_DB_F_1999 Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth for females in 1999 WHO_D60_M_1999 Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy at 60 for males in 1999 WHO_D60_F_1999 Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy at 60 for females in 1999

Disability-adjusted life expectancy at birth for the total population, males, and females, and at age 60 for males and females in 1999. It measures the equivalent number of years of life expected to be lived in full health, or healthy life expectancy. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper16.pdf

WHO_YLD_M_1999 Expected years lost to disability at birth for males in 1999 WHO_YLD_F_1999 Expected years lost to disability at birth for females in 1999

The number of incident cases in that year, each multiplied by the weight factor that reflects the severity of the disease on a scale from 0 (perfect health) to 1 (dead), and multiplied by the average duration of the disease. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper16.pdf

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4. Infrastructure and Health Care System

UN_SAN_YYYY Percent Population with Access to Improved Sanitation, UN

The percentage of the population using adequate sanitation facilities, such as a connection to a sewer or septic tank system, a pour-flush latrine, a simple pit latrine or a ventilated improved pit latrine. An excreta disposal system is considered adequate if it is private or shared (but not public) and if it hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. Years Available: UN_SAN_1990, UN_SAN_2000, UN_SAN_2004 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_SAN_YYYY Percent Population with Access to Improved Sanitation, World Health

Organization (WHO) The percentage of population using an improved sanitation facility. Improved sanitation facilities include: flush or pour-flush to piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab and composting toilet. Sanitation facilities are not considered improved when shared with other households, or open to public use. Years Available: WHO_SAN_1990, WHO_SAN_1995, WHO_SAN_2000, WHO_SAN_2005, WHO_SAN_2011 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.606

UN_WAT_YYYY Percent Population with Access to Improved Water, UN

The proportion of the population using any of the following types of water supply for drinking: piped water, a public tap, a borehole with a pump, a protected well, a protected spring or rainwater. Years Available: UN_WAT_1990, UN_WAT_2000, UN_WAT_2004 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_WAT_YYYY Percent Population with Access to Improved Water, WHO

The percentage of population using an improved drinking water source. Improved drinking water sources include: Piped water into dwelling, plot or yard, public tap/stand pipe, tube well/borehole, protected dug well, protected spring and rainwater collection. Years Available: WHO_WAT_1995, WHO_WAT_2000, WHO_WAT_2005, WHO_WAT_2011 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.606

UN_DRUG_2000 Percent Population with Access to Essential Drugs in 2000

The percentage of the population for whom a minimum of 20 of the most essential drugs are continuously and affordably available at public or private health facilities or drug outlets within one hour’s travel from home. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

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UN_ORT_199500 Percent Oral Rehydration Therapy Use, 1995-1999

The percentage of all cases of diarrhoea in children under age five treated with oral rehydration salts or recommended home fluids, or both. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_PHYS_199099 Physicians per 100,000 population, 1995-1999

The number of physicians, which includes graduates of a faculty or school of medicine who are working in any medical field such as teaching, research and administration, per 100,000 population. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_GDPPUB_1998 GDP Spent on Public Health in 1998

The percent of GDP that is the sum of total recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and non-governmental organizations) and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_GDPPRI_1998 GDP Spent on Private Health in 1998

The percent of GDP that is the sum of total direct household (out of pocket) spending, private insurance, charitable donations and direct service payments by private corporations. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_GDPPCH_1998 GDP Per Capita Spent on Health

The sum of public and private expenditure (in GDP per capita US$), divided by the population. Health expenditure includes the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities and emergency aid designated for health (but does not include provision of water and sanitation). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_GHEPC_YYYY Per Capita Government Expenditure on Health

The per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate in US dollars. Years Available: WHO_GGHE_PC_1995, WHO_GGHE_PC_2000, WHO_GGHE_PC_2005, WHO_GGHE_PC_2010 http://apps.who.int/gho/indicatorregistry/App_Main/view_indicator.aspx?iid=109

WHO_THEPC_YYYY Per Capita Total Expenditure on Health

The per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate in US dollars. Years Available: WHO_THE_PC_1995, WHO_THE_PC_2000, WHO_THE_PC_2005, WHO_THE_PC_2010

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http://apps.who.int/gho/indicatorregistry/App_Main/view_indicator.aspx?iid=111 OECD_CC_2005 Percent of Net National Income spent on childcare in 2005

The percent of Net National Income spent on childcare. Childcare enrolment for 0-2 year-olds includes enrolment in formal arrangements such as childcare centres, registered child minders, as well as care provided by someone who is not a family member. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/soc_glance-2008-en/05/03/index.html?contentType=&itemId=/content/chapter/soc_glance-2008-11-en&containerItemId=/content/serial/19991290&accessItemIds=/content/book/soc_glance-2008-en&mimeType=text/html

OECD_PPC_2005 Percent of Net National Income spent on pre-primary care in 2005

The percent of Net National Income spent on pre-primary care. For 3-5 year-olds, pre-primary care refers to those enrolled in formal pre-school services, and in some countries for 4- and 5-year olds in primary schools. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/soc_glance-2008-en/05/03/index.html?contentType=&itemId=/content/chapter/soc_glance-2008-11-en&containerItemId=/content/serial/19991290&accessItemIds=/content/book/soc_glance-2008-en&mimeType=text/html

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5. Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health

UN_MMR_YYYY Maternal Mortality Ratio

The ratio of the number of maternal deaths to the number of live births in a given year, expressed per 100,000 live births. Years Available: UN_MMR_1990, UN_MMR_2000, UN_MMR_2005, UN_MMR_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/89006.html

WHO_ANCC_1_YR Year that WHO_ANCC_1 was taken WHO_ANCC_1 Percent Antenatal Care Coverage (1 visit)

The percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in a given time period that received antenatal care provided by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses, or midwives) at least once during pregnancy. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.REPWOMEN39?lang=en

WHO_ANCC_4_YR Year that WHO_ANCC_4 was taken WHO_ANCC_4 Percent Antenatal Care Coverage (4 visits)

The percentage of women aged 15-49 with a live birth in a given time period that received antenatal care provided by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses, or midwives) at least four times during pregnancy. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.REPWOMEN39?lang=en

WHO_AFR_YR Year that WHO_AFR was taken WHO_AFR Adolescent Fertility Rate

The annual number of births to women aged 15-19 years per 1,000 women in that age group. It is also referred to as the age-specific fertility rate for women aged 15-19. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.REPADO39?lang=en

WHO_UFP_YR Year that WHO_UFP was taken WHO_UFP Percent Unmet Family Planning

The proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who are married or in union and who have an unmet need for family planning, i.e. who do not want any more children or want to wait at least two years before having a baby, and yet are not using contraception. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.REPWOMEN39?lang=en

WHO_CONU_YR Year that WHO_CONU was taken WHO_CONU Percent Contraceptive Use, WHO

The percentage of women aged 15-49 years, married or in-union, who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is using, at least one method of contraception, regardless of the method used. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.REPWOMEN39?lang=en

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UN_CONU_199500 Percent Contraceptive Use 1995-2000, UN The percentage of women aged 15-49 years, married or in-union, who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is using, at least one method of contraception, regardless of the method used, between 1995 and 2000. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_SBA_199500 Percent Skilled Birth Attendance 1995-2000

The proportion of total births attended by skilled health personnel between 1995 and 2000. Skilled health personnel are doctors, nurses or midwives trained in providing life saving obstetric care, including giving the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, childbirth and the post-partum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UCF_ID_200610 Percent Institutional Delivery 2006-2010

The percentage of women (aged 15–49) who gave birth during the two years preceding the survey and delivered in a health facility. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 8)

UCF_CB_200610 Percent C-section births 2006-2010

The percentage of births delivered by Caesarean section. (C-section rates between 5 per cent and 15 per cent expected with adequate levels of emergency obstetric care.) http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 8)

UCF_BF_200610 Percent Early Initiation of Breastfeeding 2006-2010

The percentage of infants who are put to the breast within one hour of birth. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 2)

UCF_EBF_200610 Percent Exclusive Breastfeeding 2006-2010

The percentage of children aged < 6 months who were fed exclusively with breast milk in the past 24 hours. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 2)

WHO_ANEM_P_YR Year that WHO_ANEM_P was taken WHO_ANEM_P Percent Anemia in Pregnant Women

The percentage of pregnant women whose hemoglobin level is less than 110 grams per liter at sea level. http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/indicators/SH.PRG.ANEM/rankings

WHO_ANEM_C_YR Year that WHO_ANEM_C was taken WHO_ANEM_C Percent Anemia in Children Under Age 5

The percentage of children under age 5 whose hemoglobin level is less than 110 grams per liter at sea level. http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/indicators/SH.ANM.CHLD.ZS/rankings

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UN_ITB_1998 Percent Tuberculosis Immunization in 1998

The percentage of 1-year-olds immunized against tuberculosis. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_IME_1998 Percent Measles Immunization in 1998, UN

The percentage of 1-year-olds immunized against measles. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_IME_1_YYYY Percent Measles Immunization, WHO

The percentage of children under one year of age who have received at least one dose of measles-containing vaccine in a given year. For countries recommending the first dose of measles vaccine in children over 12 months of age, the indicator is calculated as the proportion of children less than 12-23 months of age receiving one dose of measles-containing vaccine. Years Available: WHO_IMM_1YR_1985, WHO_IMM_1YR_1990, WHO_IMM_1YR_1995, WHO_IMM_1YR_2000, WHO_IMM_1YR_2005, WHO_IMM_1YR_2010 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A826

UN_UWEI_199605 Percent Underweight Children 1996-2005, UN

The percentage of moderate and severe underweight children. Percentage moderate underweight (defined as between two and three standard deviations below the median weight-forage of the reference population), and severe underweight (defined as more than three standard deviations below the median weight-for-age of the reference population). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_UHEI_199605 Percent Underheight Children 1996-2005, UN

The percentage of moderate and severe stunting in children. Percent moderate stunting (defined as between two and three standard deviations below the median height-for-age of the reference population) and severe stunting (defined as more than three standard deviations below the median height-for-age of the reference population). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

WHO_UW_YYYY Percent Underweight Children, WHO

The percent underweight (weight-for-age less than -2 standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median) among children aged 0-5 years. Years Available: WHO_UW_TOT_1995, WHO_UW_TOT_2000, WHO_UW_TOT_2005 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.522

WHO_UW_M_YYYY Percent Underweight Male Children

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WHO_UW_F_YYYY Percent Underweight Female Children The percentage underweight (weight-for-age less than -2 standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median) among children aged 0-5 years, by sex. Years Available: WHO_UW_M_1995, WHO_UW_M_2000, WHO_UW_M_2005, WHO_UW_F_1995, WHO_UW_F_2000, WHO_UW_F_2005 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.522

WB_IMR_YYYY Infant Mortality Rate

The number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Years Available: WB_INFMORT_1985, WB_INFMORT_1990, WB_INFMORT_1995, WB_INFMORT_2000, WB_INFMORT_2005, WB_INFMORT_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN/countries?display=default

UN_IMR_M_YYYY Infant Mortality for males UN_IMR_F_YYYY Infant Mortality for females

The number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year, by sex. Years Available: UNECE_INFMORT_F_1990, UNECE_INFMORT_F_1995, UNECE_INFMORT_F_2000, UNECE_INFMORT_F_2005, UNECE_INFMORT_M_1990, UNECE_INFMORT_M_1995, UNECE_INFMORT_M_2000, UNECE_INFMORT_M_2005 http://w3.unece.org/pxweb/dialog/varval.asp?ma=003_GEHEInfantDeath_r&path=../database/STAT/30-GE/06-Health/&lang=1&ti=Infant+mortality+rate+by+sex

WB_NMR_YYYY Neonatal Mortality Rate

The number of neonates dying before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Years Available: WB_NEOMORT_1990, WB_NEOMORT_1995, WB_NEOMORT_2000, WB_NEOMORT_2005, WB_NEOMORT_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.NMRT

UN_U5M_YYYY Under 5 Mortality Rate, UN

The probability of dying between birth and exactly age 5, expressed per 1,000 live births. Years Available: UN_U5MORT_1990, UN_U5MORT_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/57506.html

WHO_U5M_YYYY Under 5 Mortality Rate, WHO

The probability of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching the age of five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of that period, expressed per 1,000 live births. Here it is strictly speaking not a rate (i.e. the number of deaths divided by the number of population at

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risk during a certain period of time) but a probability of death derived from a life table and expressed as rate per 1,000 live births. Years Available: WHO_U5MORT_1990, WHO_U5MORT_1995, WHO_U5MORT_2000, WHO_U5MORT_2005, WHO_U5MORT_2010 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.525?lang=en

WHO_U5M_M_YYYY Under 5 Male Mortality Rate WHO_U5M_F_YYYY Under 5 Female Mortality Rate

See above. Years Available: WHO_U5MORT_M_1990, WHO_U5MORT_M_1995, WHO_U5MORT_M_2000, WHO_U5MORT_M_2005, WHO_U5MORT_M_2010, WHO_U5MORT_F_1990, WHO_U5MORT_F_1995, WHO_U5MORT_F_2000, WHO_U5MORT_F_2005, WHO_U5MORT_F_2010 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.525?lang=en

UCF_LBW_YR Year that UCF_LBW and UCF_LBW_200610 were taken UCF_LBW Percent Low Birth Weight UCF_LBW_200610 Percent Low Birth Weight 2006-2010

The estimated percent of low birthweight infants born that year. Low birth weight is defined as weighing less than 2.5 kg. http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_24840.html

WHO_U5W_200610 Percent Under-5 Wasting 2006-2010

The percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median weight-for-height of the WHO Child Growth Standards – Moderate and severe wasting. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 2)

WHO_U5S_200610 Percent Under-5 Stunting 2006-2010

The percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median height-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards – Moderate and severe stunting. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 2)

WHO_CDAP_2004 Child Deaths by Air Pollution in 2004

The burden of disease attributable to indoor smoke resulting from solid fuels for cooking can be expressed by the number of deaths. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.125?lang=en

WHO_APD_C_2004 Air Pollution DALYs for Children in 2004

The burden of disease attributable to indoor smoke resulting from solid fuels for cooking can be expressed as expressed by the number of DALYs. Disability -Adusted Life Years (or DALYs) are a summary measure of population health that combine (i) the years of life lost as a result of premature death and (ii) the years lived with a disease. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.125?lang=en

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UCF_CL_200010 Percent Child Labour 2000-2010 UCF_CLM_200010 Percent Male Child Labour 2000-2010 UCF_CLF_200010 Percent Female Child Labour 2000-2010

The percentage of children 5–14 years old involved in child labour at the moment of the survey, by sex. A child is considered to be involved in child labour under the following conditions: children 5–11 years old who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or children 12–14 years old who, during the reference week, did at least 14 hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 9)

UCF_CD_200010 Percent Child Discipline 2000-2010 UCF_CDM_200010 Percent Male Child Discipline 2000-2010 UCF_CDF_200010 Percent Female Child Discipline 2000-2010

The percentage of children 2–14 years old who experience any violent discipline, whether psychological aggression and/or physical punishment. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 9)

UCF_RB_200010 Percent Registered Births 2000-2010

The percentage of children less than 5 years old who were registered at the moment of the survey. The numerator of this indicator includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer or whose mother or caretaker says the birth has been registered. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 9)

UCF_ORPH_2009 Orphans in thousands in 2009 Total children aged 0-17 orphaned due to all causes, in thousands.

http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 4)

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6. Education

UN_EI_YYYY Education Index

The index is based on the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio and the adult literacy rate. This indicator is one of the three dimensions of the Human Development Index composite. Years Available: UN_EI_1998, UN_EI_2000, UN_EI_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2000_EN.pdf

UN_IA_EI_YYYY Inequality-Adjusted Education Index

The HDI education index adjusted for inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources. This indicator is one of the three dimensions of the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index composite. Years Availabe: UN_IA_EI_2010, UN_IA_EI_2012 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Tables_reprint.pdf http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/71406.html

UN_LIT_YYYY Literacy Rate

The number of literate persons aged 15 and above, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that group. Estimates and projections from UNESCO’s literary assessment. Years Available: UN_LIT_1998, UN_LIT_2000, UN_LIT_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_LIT_YR Year that UN_LIT, UN_LIT_M, UN_LIT_F, UN_LIT_Y, UN_LIT_Y_M, and

UN_LIT_Y_F were taken UN_LIT Adult literacy rate UN_LIT_M Adult male literacy rate UN_LIT_F Adult female literacy rate

The number of literate persons aged 15 and above, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that group. Estimates and projections from UNESCO’s literary assessment. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 4a)

UN_LIT_Y Youth literacy rate UN_LIT_Y_M Youth male literacy rate UN_LIT_Y_F Youth female literacy rate

The number of literate persons aged 15–24 years, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that group. Estimates and projections from UNESCO’s literary assessment. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 4a)

UN_EDU_YYYY Enrolment Ratio in Education

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The combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio (%). Primary education provides basic elements of education at establishments such as primary or elementary schools. Secondary education is based on at least four years of previous instruction at the first level at institutions such as middle schools, secondary schools, high school, etc. Tertiary education refers to education at universities, colleges, and other higher-level professional schools, requiring a minimum condition of admission the successful completeion of education at the secondary level. Years Available: UN_EDU_1998, UN_EDU_2000, UN_EDU_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2000_EN.pdf

UCF_PPM_200710 Pre-primary school gross enrolment ratio for males 2007-2010 UCF_PPF_200710 Pre-primary school gross enrolment ratio for females 2007-2010

The number of children enrolled in pre-primary school, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official pre-primary school age. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5)

UCF_PEM_200710 Primary school net enrolment ratio for males 2007-2010 UCF_PEF_200710 Primary school net enrolment ratio for females 2007-2010

The number of children enrolled in primary or secondary school who are of official primary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official primary school age. Because of the inclusion of primary-school-aged children enrolled in secondary school, this indicator can also be referred to as a primary adjusted net enrolment ratio. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5)

UCF_PAM_200510 Primary school net attendance ratio for males 2005-2010 UCF_PAF_200510 Primary school net attendance ratio for females 2005-2010

The number of children attending primary or secondary school who are of official primary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official primary school age. Because of the inclusion of primary-school-aged children attending secondary school, this indicator can also be referred to as a primary adjusted net attendance ratio. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5)

UCF_SEM_200710 Secondary school net enrolment ratio for males 2007-2010 UCF_SEF_200710 Secondary school net enrolment ratio for females 2007-2010

The number of children enrolled in secondary school who are of official secondary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official secondary school age. Secondary net enrolment ratio does not include secondary-school-aged children enrolled in tertiary education owing to challenges in age reporting and recording at that level.

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http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5) UCF_SAM_200710 Secondary school net attendance ratio for males 2007-2010 UCF_SAF_200710 Secondary school net attendance ratio for females 2007-2010

The number of children attending secondary or tertiary school who are of official secondary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official secondary school age. Because of the inclusion of secondary-school-aged children attending tertiary school, this indicator can also be referred to as a secondary adjusted net attendance ratio. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5)

UN_TE_YR Year that UN_TE_M and UN_TE_F were taken UN_TE_M Tertiary School Enrolment Rate for males UN_TE_F Tertiary School Enrolment Rate for males

The enrolment at the third level (e.g. occupationally specific programs), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the theoretical school age group corresponding to this level of education. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 4d)

UN_EDU_FM_YYYY Female to Male Secondary Education Ratio

The ratio of female to male rates of the percentage of the population ages 25 and older that has attained a secondary or higher level of education. Years Available: UN_EDU_FM_1990, UN_EDU_FM_2000, UN_EDU_FM_2005, UN_EDU_FM_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/24806.html

UN_EXPSCH_YYYY Expected Years of Education

The number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life. Years Available: UN_EXPSCH_1990, UN_EXPSCH_2000, UN_EXPSCH_2005, UN_EXPSCH_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/69706.html

OECD_PE_YYYY Percent children aged 3 to 5 in pre-school

The enrolment rates for 3-5-year-olds in formal pre-school services, and in some countres for 4-5-year-olds in primary school. Years available: OECD_PE_2000, OECD_PE_2005 http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/soc_glance-2008-en/05/03/index.html?contentType=&itemId=/content/chapter/soc_glance-2008-11-en&containerItemId=/content/serial/19991290&accessItemIds=/content/book/soc_glance-2008-en&mimeType=text/html

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7. Women’s and Gender-Related Indicators

UN_GII_YYYY Gender Inequality Index

A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. Years Available: UN_GII_2000, UN_GII_2005, UN_GII_2010 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/68606.html

WEF_GG_YYYY Gender Gap Index

The level of equality between women and men. A score of 1 represents no gender gap. Thus, the closer the score to 1, the smaller the gender gap, and the greater the gender equality. Years Available: WEF_GENGAP_2006, WEF_GENGAP_2007, WEF_GENGAP_2008, WEF_GENGAP_2009, WEF_GENGAP_2010, WEF_GENGAP_2011 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2012.pdf

WEF_GG_EC_2011 Gender Gap in Economic Participation and Opportunity in 2011 WEF_GG_ED_2011 Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in 2011 WEF_GG_HS_2011 Gender Gap in Health and Survival in 2011 WEF_GG_P_2011 Gender Gap in Political Empowerment in 2011

The gender gaps in four fundamental categories. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2012.pdf

UCF_M15_200010 Percent Marriage for females under 15 2000-2010 UCF_M18_200010 Percent Marriage for females under 18 2000-2010

The percentage of women 20–24 years old who were first married or in union before they were 15 years old and percentage of women 20–24 years old who were first married or in union before they were 18 years old. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 9)

UN_MMIN_YR Year that UN_MMIN_NP_F, UN_MMIN_NP_M, UN_MMIN_P_F, and

UN_MMIN_P_M were taken UN_MMIN_NP_F Legal age for marriage for females without parental consent UN_MMIN_NP_M Legal age for marriage for males without parental consent UN_MMIN_P_F Legal age for marriage for females with parental consent UN_MMIN_P_M Legal age for marriage for males with parental consent

The legal age for marriage with parental consent, by sex. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 3a)

UN_M1519_YR Year that UN_M1519_F and UN_M1519_M were taken UN_M1519_F Percent Females 15-19 years old who have ever been married UN_M1519_M Percent Males 15-19 years old who have ever been married

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The percentage of population aged 15 to 19 years ever married, by sex. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 3b)

UCF_FGM_200010 Percent Female Genital Mutilation

The percentage of women 15–49 years old who have been mutilated/cut 2000-2010.

UCF_FD_200010 Percent Female Genital Mutilation in daughters The percentage of women 15–49 years old with at least one mutilated/cut daughter 2000-2010.

UCF_FC_200010 Percent women who believe in the continuation of Female Genital Mutilation The percentage of women 15–49 years old who believe that the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting should continue 2000-2010. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 9)

UCF_WBM_200010 Percent men who justify beating a wife UCF_WBF_200010 Percent women who justify beating a wife

The percentage of men and percentage of women 15–49 years old who consider a husband to be justified in hitting or beating his wife for at least one of the specified reasons: if his wife burns the food, argues with him, goes out without telling him, neglects the children or refuses sexual relations. Data for 2000-2010. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 9)

WHO_TU_F_YYYY Percent Female Tobacco Use

The prevalence of current tobacco use among female adults aged ≥ 15 years expressed as a percentage. Years Available: WHO_F_TOBB_2006, WHO_F_TOBB_2009 http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.229?lang=en

WHO_O_F_2008 Percent Female obesity in 2008

The percentage of defined population with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.229?lang=en

UN_WAG_MF_YR Year that UN_WAG_MF was taken UN_WAG_MF Women’s wages in manufacturing as a percentage of men’s wages

The ratio of female wages to male wages in manufacturing, expressed as a percentage. In general, the wage statistics from which the indicator has been calculated refer to average earnings per month per employee (i.e. wage earners and salaried employees). http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5e)

UN_ML Length of maternity leave in days

The minimum number of days of maternity leave allowed by law. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5g) UN_ML_WAG Percent of wages paid during maternity leave

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The minimum percentage of wages paid during maternity leave by provider of benefits. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5g)

UN_ML_PROV Provider of maternal leave benefits System(s) that provide maternal leave benefits. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5g) UN_LF_F_2011 Share of women in the adult labour force in 2011

The percentage of the economically active who are women aged 15 and older. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5a)

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8. Migration

WB_RP_O_YYYY Refugee Population by Country of Origin

Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Years Available: WB_REFUPOP_ORIG_1990, WB_REFUPOP_ORIG_1995, WB_REFUPOP_ORIG_2000, WB_REFUPOP_ORIG_2005, WB_REFUPOP_ORIG_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.REFG.OR

WB_RP_A_YYYY Refugee Population by Country of Asylum

The country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted. Years Available: WB_REFUPOP_ASYL_1990, WB_REFUPOP_ASYL_1995, WB_REFUPOP_ASYL_2000, WB_REFUPOP_ASYL_2005, WB_REFUPOP_ASYL_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.REFG

CIA_NMIR_2010 Net Migration Rate in 1000s in 2013

The difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year 2013 per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (a positive value/1000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (a negative value/1000 population). https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2112rank.html

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9. Economic, Political, and Human Development

WB_GDP_2000 GDP Total in 2000

The sum gross value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced by all residents of the country. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars, meaning that dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD

WB_GDPPC_2000 GDP Per Capita in 2000

The sum gross value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced by all residents of the country divided by the midyear population. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars, meaning that dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using 2000 official exchange rates. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD

UN_GDPI_YYYY GDP lndex

One of the three indices on which the HDI is built. It is based on GDP per capita (PPP US$) Years Available: UN_GDPI_1998, UN_GDPI_2000, UN_GDPI_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf

WB_GINI_YYYY GINI Index

A measurement of the extent to which the distribution of income or consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. Years Available: WB_GINI_2000, WB_GINI_2005, WB_GINI_2009 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/countries?display=default

UN_IGINI_2000 Income Gini coefficient

A measure of the deviation of the distribution of income (or consumption) among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality. http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/67106.html

UN_IA_INC_2010 Inequality-Adjusted Income Index

The HDI income index adjusted for inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources. This indicator is one of the three dimensions of the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index composite. http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/71606.html

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WB_ISQL20_YYYY Income Share Quintile lowest 20% The percentage share of income or consumption by the lowest 20%. Percentage share of income is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding. Years Available: WB_INCLOW20_1996, WB_INCLOW20_2000, WB_INCLOW20_2005, WB_INCLOW20_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.DST.FRST.20

WB_ISQH20_YYYY Income Share Quintile highest 20%

The percentage share of income or consumption by the highest 20%. See above. Years Available: WB_INCHIGH20_1996, WB_INCHIGH20_2000, WB_INCHIGH20_2005, WB_INCHIGH20_2010 http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.DST.05TH.20

INSCR_SFI_YYYY State Fragility Index

The level of fragility in both effectiveness and legitimacy across four distinct dimensions: security, governance, economic development, and social development. Years Available: INSCR_SFI_1995, INSCR_SFI_2000, INSCR_SFI_2005, INSCR_SFI_2010 http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm

TI_CPI_YYYY Corruption Perceptions Index

The perceived levels of public sector corruption to form the Corruption Perception Index. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 - 100, where 0 means that a country is perceived as highly corrupt and 100 means it is perceived as very clean. A country's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories included in the index. Years Available: TI_CPI_2001, TI_CPI_2005, TI_CPI_2010 http://www.transparency.org/research/cpi/overview

IEP_GPI_YYYY Global Peace Index

A composite index comprised of 22 qualitative and quantitative indicators. Peace is defined as: “the absence of violence and the absence of the fear of violence”, which is commonly understood as negative peace. Years Available: IEP_GPI_2007, IEP_GPI_2010, IEP_GPI_2011 http://economicsandpeace.org/research/iep-indices-data/global-peace-index

UN_HOM_2010 Homicide rate in 2010

The number of intentional homicides—that is, unlawful deaths purposefully inflicted on a person by another person—expressed per 100,000 people. http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/61006.html

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UN_HOM_M_2008 Male homicide rate in 2008 UN_HOM_F_2008 Female homicide rate in 2008

See above. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/homicide.html

UCF_CELL_2010 Mobile phone use in 2010

The number of active subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service, including the number of prepaid SIM cards active during the past three months. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5)

UCF_WEB_2010 Internet users in 2010

The estimated number of Internet users out of the total population. This includes those using the Internet from any device (including mobile phones) in the last 12 months. http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php (Table 5)

UN_UNEM_YR Year that UN_UNEM_M and UN_UNEM_F was taken UN_UNEM_M Male adult unemployment rate UN_UNEM_F Female adult unemployment rate

The proportion of the adult (aged 15 years and older) labour force that is unemployed, unless otherwise specified. The unemployed are persons who are currently without work, who are currently available for work, and who are seeking or have sought work recently. The base for these statistics is the labour force (that is, the economically active portion of the population), not the total population. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5d)

UN_EAR_M_2011 Employment activity rate for males in 2011 UN_EAR_F_2011 Employment activity rate for females in 2011

The percentage of the population aged 15 and over, unless otherwise specified, which is economically active. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5a)

UN_PTE_YR Year that UN_PTE_M, UN_PTE_F, and UN_PTE_WS were taken UN_PTE_M Total male labour force comprised of part-time workers UN_PTE_F Total female labour force comprised of part-time workers UN_PTE_WS Percentage of the total part-time employment that is comprised by

women Part-time workers are employed persons whose normal hours of work are less than those of comparable “full-time” workers. The percentage of the female and male employment that is part-time refers, respectively, to the proportion of the total female and total male adult (aged 15 and above) labour force comprised of part-time workers. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/ (Table 5b)

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UN_HDI_YYYY Human Development Index (HDI) A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development—life expectancy, educational attainment, and income. The HDI sets a minimum and a maximum for each dimension, called goalposts, and then shows where each country stands in relation to these goalposts, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. Years Available: UN_HDI_1998, UN_HDI_2000, UN_HDI_2005 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/89006.html

UN_HDI_R_YYYY Human Development Index Rank

HDI ranking. Years Available: UN_HDI_RANK_1998, UN_HDI_RANK_2000, UN_HDI_RANK_2005 http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/89006.html

UN_GRMHR_YYYY GDP Per Capita Rank Minus Human Development Index Rank

Years Available: UN_GRMHR_1998, UN_GRMHR_2000, UN_GRMHR_2005 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2000_EN.pdf http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf

UN_IA_HDI_YYYY Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index

The HDI value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development. Years Available: UN_IA_HDI_2010, UN_IA_HDI_2012 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Tables_reprint.pdf http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/73206.html