Global Horticulture-in the (2014 Pink of Health 2018) Pink ...3.10 Bangladesh 3.10.1 Major Horticulture Crops 3.10.2 Export-Import Scenario ... Commodity-wise Share of Exports of Horticultural

Disclaimer: All information contained in this report has been obtained from sources believed to be accurate by Gyan Research and Analytics

(Gyan). While reasonable care has been taken in its preparation, Gyan makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the

accuracy, timeliness or completeness of any such information. The information contained herein may be changed without notice. All

information should be considered solely as statements of opinion and Gyan will not be liable for any loss incurred by users from any use of

the publication or contents

Global Horticulture-in the

Pink of Health

Disclaimer: All information contained in this report has been obtained from sources believed to be accurate by Gyan Research and Analytics

(Gyan). While reasonable care has been taken in its preparation, Gyan makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the

accuracy, timeliness or completeness of any such information. The information contained herein may be changed without notice. All

information should be considered solely as statements of opinion and Gyan will not be liable for any loss incurred by users from any use of

the publication or contents

Global Horticulture (2014 –

2018) – Pink and Healthy

Global Horticulture (2014 – 2018) – Pink and Healthy

2 | P a g e © Gyan Research and Analytics Pvt. Ltd., 2014

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Overview

2.1 Fruit and Vegetables

2.1.1 Export and Import of Fruits and Vegetables

2.2 Flower

2.2.1 Export and Import

3. Country-wise Perspective

3.1 India

3.1.1 Fruits

3.1.2 Vegetables

3.1.3 Flowers

3.1.4 Spices

3.1.5 Plantation Crops

3.1.6 India’s Export- Import Scenario

3.1.7 Issues and Challenges

3.1.8 Opportunities in Indian Horticulture

3.1.9 Horticulture Allied Sector in India

3.2 Vietnam

3.2.1 Main Horticultural Products in Vietnam

3.2.2 Export - Import Scenario of Vietnam’s Horticulture Industry


3.2.4 Opportunities in Vietnamese Horticulture

3.2.5 Allied Sectors of Horticulture in Vietnam

3.3 China

3.3.1 Export and Import Scenario of China




3.3.3 Opportunities in Chinese Horticulture

3.3.4 Allied Sector of Horticulture

3.4 Kenya



3.4.3 Opportunities in Kenyan Horticulture

3.5 Iran

3.5.1 Main Horticulture Products of Iran



3.5.4 Opportunities in Iran’s Horticulture

3.6 Indonesia

3.6.1 Main Horticulture Produce in Indonesia

3.6.2 Allied Sector of Horticulture



3.6.5 Opportunities in Indonesia’s Horticulture

3.7 Myanmar



3.7.3 Opportunities in Myanmar Horticulture

3.8 Nigeria

3.8.1 Export-Import Scenario


3.8.3 Opportunities in Nigerian Horticulture



3.9 The Netherlands



3.9.3 Opportunities in the Netherlands’ Horticulture

3.10 Bangladesh

3.10.1 Major Horticulture Crops

3.10.2 Export-Import Scenario


3.10.4 Opportunities in Bangladesh’s Horticultural Industry

3.11 The United Kingdom




3.12 Canada



4. Industry Overview

4.1. Growth Drivers

4.2. Critical Success Factors

5. SWOT Analysis

6. Global Issues & Challenges

7. Company Profiles

7.1 Titan Biotech Limited

7.2 J K Agri Genetics Limited

7.3 Viet Star Import Export Co. Ltd

7.4 Vegetexco Hochiminh City

7.5 Sunshine Horticulture Company Limited

7.6 Zhangzhou Xiangcheng Greenhome Horticulture Co. Ltd



7.7 Woni Veg-Fru Exporters & Importers Ltd

7.8 Greenlands Agro Producers Ltd

7.9 Kenya Fresh produce Exporters Limited

7.10 Green Goods Co

7.11 Jade Fresh Limited

7.12 E.L.O Ngodo Enterprises Limited

7.13 Khamar Agro Tech

7.14 Sun Gro Horticulture, Inc

7.15 Ball Horticultural Company

7.16 Ammerlaan Construction B.V.

7.17 Agriculture Solutions LLC

7.18 Danziger - "Dan" Flower Farm

7.19 VB Greenhouses BV

7.20 James Finlay Limited

7.21 ADAMA Agricultural Solutions Ltd.

7.22 Sapec SA

7.23 DLV Plant B.V.

7.24 Fresh Dynamics Asia

7.25 Horticoop international

7.26 Neha International Ltd

7.27 HRB Floriculture Ltd.

7.28 Advance Agro Ripe Pvt. Ltd.

7.29 Elegant Floriculture & Agrotech (India) Limited

7.30 Sandha & Company

8. Outlook



List of Charts

Chart 1 - Global Vegetable Production, 2009-2013

Chart 2 – Outlook - Global Vegetable Production, 2014 - 2018

Chart 3 - Percentage Share of Different Vegetables, 2011

Chart 4 - Global Fruit Production, 2009-2013

Chart 5 – Outlook - Global Fruit Production, 2014 - 2018

Chart 6 - Percentage Share of Various Fruits, 2011

Chart 7 - Top 10 Exporters of Edible Fruits, 2013

Chart 8 - Top 10 Importers of Edible Fruits, 2013

Chart 9 - Top 10 Exporters of Edible Vegetables, Certain Roots and Tubers, 2013

Chart 10 - Top 10 Importers of Edible Vegetables, Certain Roots and Tubers, 2013

Chart 11 - Global Export-Import Scenario of Fruits, (2009-2013)

Chart 12 - Global Export-Import Scenario of Vegetables, (2009-2013)

Chart 13 - Global Export Import Scenario for Flowers, (2009-2013)

Chart 14 - Top 10 Exporters of Flowers, 2013

Chart 15 - Top 10 Importers of Flowers, 2013

Chart 16 - Area under Horticulture Production in India (FY2009 - FY2013)

Chart 17 - Total Horticulture Production in India (FY2009 - FY2013)

Chart 18 - Area under Production of Fruits in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 19 - Production of Fruits in India (FY2009 - FY2013)

Chart 20 - Leading Fruit Producing States in India in Terms of Area (2012 - 13)

Chart 21 - Leading Fruit Producing States in India in Terms of Production (2012-13)



Chart 22 - Percentage Share of Major Fruits in India (2012-13)

Chart 23 - Area under Production of Vegetables in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 24 - Production of Vegetables in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 25 - Leading Vegetable Producing States of India in Terms of Area (2012-13)

Chart 26 - Leading Vegetables Producing States of India in Terms of Productions (2012-13)

Chart 27 - Production Share of Major Vegetable Crops in India (2012-13)

Chart 28- Area under Production of Flowers in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 29 - Production of Flowers (Loose) – in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 30 - Leading Cut Flower Producing States of India (2012-13)

Chart 31 - Leading Loose Flower Producing States of India (2012-13)

Chart 32 - Area under Production of Spices in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 33 - Production of Spices in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 34 - Production Share of Major Spices in India (2012-13)

Chart 35 - Leading Spices Producing States in India (2012-13)

Chart 36 - Area under Production-Plantation Crops in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 37 - Production of Plantation Crops in India (FY2009-FY2013)

Chart 38 - Production of Various Varieties of Plantation Crops in India (FY2011-FY2013)

Chart 39 - Area under Production for Various Varieties of Plantation Crops in India (FY2011-FY2013)

Chart 40 – Commodity-wise Share of Exports of Horticultural Products from India (2012-13)

Chart 41 – Total Area for Horticulture-Kenya (2008-2012)

Chart 42 – Total Horticultural Production-Kenya (2008-2012)

Chart 43 – Total Fruit Production-Kenya (2008-2012)



Chart 44 – Total Vegetable Production-Kenya (2008-2012)

Chart 45 – Total Flower production-Kenya, 2008-2012

Chart 46 – Net Sales - Titan BioTech, FY2009-FY2013

Chart 47 – Net Profit - Titan BioTech, FY2009-FY2013

Chart 48 – Total Revenue - JK Agri Genetics Limited, FY2009-FY2013

Chart 49 – Net Profit - JK Agri Genetics Limited, FY2009-FY2013

Chart 50 – Total Revenue - Sapec SA, 2009 - 2013

Chart 51 – Net Profit - Sapec SA, 2009 - 2013

Chart 52 – Total Revenue - Neha International Ltd, FY2009 - FY2013

Chart 53 – Net Profit - Neha International Ltd, FY2009 - FY2013

Chart 54 – Total Revenue - HRB Floriculture Ltd, FY2009 - FY2013

Chart 55 – Net Profit - HRB Floriculture Ltd, FY2009 - FY2013

Chart 56 – Total Revenue - Elegant Floriculture & Agrotech (India) Ltd, FY2009 - FY2013

Chart 57 – Net Profit - Elegant Floriculture & Agrotech (India) Ltd, FY2009 - FY2013

List of Tables

Table 1 - Top-10 Fruit Producing Countries in World – FY2013

Table 2 - Top-10 Vegetable Producing Countries in World – FY2013

Table 3 - Area and Production of Fruits and Vegetables - All India Figures (FY2013)

Table 4 - Total Area and Production of Flowers in FY2013

Table 5 - Total Area and Production of Spices-Variety-wise, FY2013

Table 6 – Export/Import of Horticulture Products from/to India - values in USD million

Table 7 - Fruit and Vegetable Production in Vietnam (‘000 MT) (2008-2012)



Table 8 - Production Value of Fruits and Vegetables (USD Billion) (2008-2012)

Table 9 - Export & Import of Horticultural Products in Vietnam (2009-2013)

Table 10 - Vietnam’s Packaged Food Industry (by category - in USD million) – (2010-2014)

Table 11 - China’s Fruit and Vegetable Production (‘000 MT) (2008-2012)

Table12 Export-Import Scenario of China’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 13 - Export-Import Scenario of Kenya’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 14 - Iran’s Fruit and Vegetable Production (‘000MT) (2008-2012)

Table 15 - Export-Import Scenario of Iran’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 16 - Vegetable and Fruit Production in Indonesia (2009-2013) (MT)

Table 17 – Market-size of Indonesia’s Processed Foods with Sub-categories (in USD million) (2008-2011)

Table 18 - Export-Import Scenario of Indonesia’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 19 - Vegetable and Fruit Production in Myanmar – (MT) (2008-2012)

Table 20 - Export-Import Scenario of Myanmar’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 21 Fruit and Vegetable Production in Nigeria (MT) (2008-2012)

Table 22 Export-Import Scenario of Nigeria’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 23 - Area and Horticultural Production in The Netherlands (2010-2012)

Table 24 - Export-Import Scenario of The Netherlands’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 25 - Vegetable and Fruit Production in Bangladesh-(MT) (2008-2012)

Table 26 - Export-Import Scenario of Bangladesh’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 27 Total Vegetable and Fruit Production Marketed in the UK (‘000 MT) (2009-2012)

Table 28 - Value of Home Production Marketed in the UK (in USD thousand) (2009-2012)

Table 29 - Export-Import Scenario of the UK’s Horticulture (2009-2013)



Table 30 - Area under Production (in thousand hectares)/ Production (in thousand tonnes) (2008-2012)

Table 31 - Canadian Horticultural Farm Cash Receipts by Sector (USD Million) (2007-2011)

Table 32 - Export-Import Scenario of Canada’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Table 33 – SWOT Analysis



Executive Summary

The horticulture industry consists of the production of fruits, vegetables and flowers. In today’s world,

people are very conscious about their diet and eating habits. A busy lifestyle and stressful work culture has

pushed up the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Consequently, the sector is flourishing and opening

up new prospects of employment and research, thereby introducing a new dimension into the agriculture

sector across the world. As a matter of fact, horticulture is currently considered as a separate industry.

Further, the floriculture industry is picking up pace due to the increasing demand for fresh flowers and

several associated products. This has generated new income prospects for farmers and others working in

the allied sectors of this industry. The processing, transportation, distribution and packing sectors

associated with the horticulture industry have also been greatly benefitted.

Global fruit production in 2013 was estimated at xx million tonnes against an estimated xx million tonnes in

2012. The global fruit industry consists of the production and trade of bananas, semi-tropical fruits, citrus

fruit, soft fruit, pommes and stone fruits.

Global vegetable production, including the production of melons, was estimated at xx million tonnes in

2013. China and India were amongst the highest producing countries for the year. Among all vegetables,

potato was the most popular; other widespread vegetables were sweet potato, tomato, onions and

cabbage.

The leading fruit producing countries in the world in 2013 were China, India, Brazil, United States of

America (USA) and Indonesia. China and India also made it to the top-10 vegetable producing countries of

the world in the same year.

The global export of fruits was USD xx billion in 2009 which increased to USD xx billion in 2013. The import

of fruits globally also registered an increase from USD xx billion in 2009 to USD xx billion in 2013. India was

placed 10th in the import of vegetables, valued at USD xx million, and the import of fruits was valued at

USD xx million in 2013, placing the country in 14th position.

In 2011, land area under flower production worldwide was 400,000 hectares. Asia-Pacific with an area of

xx ha accounted for nearly xx percent of the total area under production, with China and India dominating

this space.

Global annual consumption of flowers was estimated in the range of USD xx billion in 2011. On the demand

side, major flower consuming countries in the world are concentrated in Western Europe. Germany, the



USA, the UK, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland consumed around xx percent of the total global

flower production. Of the world’s ten largest domestic markets for cut flowers, six are in the EU, namely

Germany, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Other important markets are the US and Japan,

accounting for around 20 percent each. Recently, Russia and the Middle East have also become important

markets, demonstrating rapid market growth.

Over the last few years, the market for the flower industry has advanced and the demand for newer

products has augmented. For instance, currently, the Russian market preference is for very large flower

buds. Globalization, trade liberalization and transformation in consumer demand are generating new

market opportunities for producers and laborers of the horticulture industry. This has thrown up a wide

range of economic prospects for the industry in the tropical and sub-tropical zones. Consequently, many

farmers who earlier produce cereals have changed a portion of their production into high value

horticultural crops.

Many countries across the globe have been undertaking measures to support this industry, due to the fact

that it is a significant contributor to the domestic economy. A case in point is the Netherlands that tops the

charts in the export of flowers. The country’s economy is largely influenced by this industry. So, despite

various issues of soil degradation and erosion, the country is still commissioning measures to increase soil

fertility and to implement new technology into the production of the flowers.



Global Overview

The global fruits and vegetables production

industry has been on an upswing in recent

times. The fast pace of modern life has not only

made people busy, but has also made them

health conscious and increased the urge for a

healthy lifestyle. This trend is predominantly

manifested through the consumption of fruits

and vegetables, which in turn is greatly fuelling

the horticulture industry.

Fruit and vegetable production is a labour

intensive industry, which employs more people

across its value chain than some other

agricultural product like cereals.

In 2011, global vegetable production amounted to xx million tonnes. Global vegetable production is

estimated to be xx million tonnes in 2013. China

and India were among the highest vegetable

producing countries in the world in FY2013, with

the former producing xx million MT of

vegetables and the latter xx million MT. The

productivity of China in FY2013 was xx MT per

hectare, while India’s productivity stood at xx

MT per hectare. Among vegetables, potato was

the most popular - grown across all regions -

followed by tomatoes, onions, cabbages,

cucumbers and aubergines, which together

comprised around 45 percent of the total global

vegetable production. Around 3-4 percent of the

global production of major vegetables varieties was traded internationally in 2011.

xxxx

xx

xx

xx

2009 2010 2011 2012E 2013E

Global Vegetable Production (including melons)

2009-2013

Source: FAOSTAT, Gyan Research and Analytics

xx

xx

xx

xxxx

xx

Percentage Share of Different Vegetables, 2011

Tomatoes

Watermelons

Onions, dry

Cabbage and other brassicas

Cucumbers and gherkins

Other

Source: FAOSTAT



Global fruit production stood at xx million

tonnes in 2011, compared to the production in

2010 which was xx million tonnes, indicating a

growth of xx percent. Global fruit production

was estimated to be xx million tonnes in 2013.

The global fruit industry consists of the

production and trade of various kinds of fruits

like tropical and semi-tropical fruits, citrus

fruits, soft fruits, berries, exotics, pommes,

stone fruits and such like. Key citrus fruits

include oranges and lemons; semitropical fruits

include pineapples and avocados; and pommes

and stone fruits comprise apples, pears,

peaches and grapes.

Melons are the most commonly produced fruit,

followed by bananas. China and India were also

among the highest fruit producing countries in

the world in FY2013, with the former producing

137 million MT of fruits and the latter xx million

MT. The productivity of China and India both

stood at xx MT per hectare in FY2013.

xxxx

xx

xx

xx

2009 2010 2011 2012E 2013E

Global Fruit Production2009-2013

Source: FAOSTAT, Gyan Research and Analytics

xx

xx

xx

xxxx

xx

Percentage Share of Various Fruits, 2011

Bananas

Apples

Oranges

Grapes

Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas

Other

Source: FAOSTAT



Country-wise Perspective

India

India has been expanding its space in the

horticulture industry at a steady rate of xx

percent in the last five years. The total

horticultural produce increased from xx

Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) to xx MMT

during the five year span of FY2009 to FY2012.

The country was the largest producer of fruits

and the second largest producer of vegetables

in the world in 2011. It was ranked 12th in the

export of vegetables, which was valued at

USD xx million in 2013, and 16th in the export

of fruits (including nuts), which was valued

USD xx million. The country’s highest

exported products in the fruits and nuts

category were Brazil nuts, cashew nuts and

coconuts, which together were valued at USD

xx million in 2013. In the vegetable category,

India exported onions, garlic and leeks worth

USD xx million, the highest in the segment.

The country was placed 10th in the import of

vegetables valued at USD xx million and 14th

in the import of fruits valued at USD xx million

in 2013. For the year, India imported dried

shelled vegetables worth USD xx million and

Brazil nuts, cashew nuts and coconuts worth

USD xx million.

xxxx

xx

xx23,694

FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013

Area under Horticulture Production in IndiaFY2009-FY2013

Source: Indian Horticulture Database, National Horticulture

Board, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI

xx xxxx

xxxx

FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013

Total Horticulture Production in IndiaFY2009-FY2013

Source: Indian Horticulture Database, National Horticulture

Board, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI



China

China is ranked third in the list of the top-10 largest fruit producing countries, globally. Fruit production in

China grew at a CAGR of xx percent in the period 2006-2010. The country was ranked first in vegetable

production in the world in 2010, even though the produced amount was less than 2009. The reason behind

the fall in vegetable production in China in 2010 was natural calamities. The country was struck by

earthquakes, floods, droughts, freezing temperatures, snowstorms and tough winds during that year. In

the first half of 2010, xx million hectares of Chinese farmland were affected and xx million hectares of crop

were destroyed.

Export and Import Scenario of China

The export scenario in China of all the three categories namely fruits, vegetables and flowers improved in

the five-year span of 2009-2013. Export of fruits, including nuts, citrus fruits and melons increased by

almost 75 percent, rising to USD xx million in 2013 from USD xx million in 2009. Apples, pears and fresh

Table 12

Export-Import Scenario of China’s Horticulture (2009-2013)

Export (in USD million)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Fruits xx xx xx xx xx

Vegetables xx xx xx xx xx

Flowers xx xx xx xx xx

Import (in USD million)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Fruits xx xx xx xx xx


Flowers xx xx xx xx xx

Source: International Trade Centre



quinces were the highest exported products valued at USD xx million in 2013. These fruits were mainly

exported to Thailand. The total value of edible fruits and nuts exported to Indonesia was USD xx million;

the highest exported products to Indonesia were fresh and dried grapes, fresh apples, pears, quinces and

fresh citrus fruits.

Kenya

The horticulture industry of Kenya holds the

record of being the most efficient producer of

flowers and fresh produce in the Sub-Saharan

Africa region and among other countries of the

continent. The Kenyan horticulture industry is

growing at an estimated 15 - 20 percent per

annum. This has had a positive impact on

poverty alleviation, by increasing income

especially in the rural areas. Apart from

generating employment opportunities for the

rural people, the industry has increased the

foreign exchange earnings of the country. Thus,

the horticulture industry has contributed

significantly to the economy of Kenya.

The sector employs around xx million people

directly - in production, processing, and

marketing. Another xx million people have

benefitted indirectly through trade and other

activities associated with horticultural products.

xx xx

xx xxxx

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total Area under Horticulture (2008-2012)

Source: Horticulture Crops Development Authority, Kenya

xx xx

xxxx

xx

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total Horticultural Production (2008-2012)




In 2012, the total domestic value of Kenya’s

horticulture sector amounted to USD xx billion

and occupied an area of xx ha. It had a total

production quantity of xx million tonnes. As

compared to 2011, the total value, area and

production increased by xx percent, xx percent

and xx percent, respectively, in 2012. This was

because of favourable weather conditions that

saw increased production and therefore, value.

The major contributors of the increased value

were bananas and potatoes. Some of the sub-

sectors with significant contributions to the total

value in 2012 were vegetables, fruits, flowers,

nuts, and medicinal and aromatic plants.

xx

xxxx xx

xx

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total Fruit Production-Kenya2008-2012


xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total Vegetable Production-Kenya2008-2012




The United Kingdom

In the UK, the total area under vegetable

production decreased slightly by 2 percent in

2012, while total fruit areas remained unchanged.

For the year, overall quantity of vegetable

production fell by xx percent and fruit production

also came down by xx percent as compared to

2011. While the total value of vegetables

production showed an overall increase of x

percent in 2012 from 2011, the value of fruit

production decreased by xx percent. Fruit and

vegetables were collectively valued at almost USD

xx billion in 2012, almost in line with that for

2011. Home production as a percentage of total supply for 2012 for all vegetables was xx percent,

compared to an average of xx percent for the last five years.

Total Vegetable and Fruit Production Marketed in UK

Fruits Vegetables

2012 xx xx

2011 xx xx

2010 xx xx

2009 xx xx

Source: Department for Environment, Food and

Rural Affairs, the UK

Table 28

Value of Home Production Marketed in the United Kingdom

Vegetables Fruits

2009 xx xx

2010 xx xx

2011 xx xx

2012 xx xx

Source: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the UK



Canada

As a business sector, the horticulture industry in Canada, including nursery growers, landscape contractors

and garden centres, touches every community, enhancing beauty as well as the economy. Most of these

enterprises are small businesses, many family-owned. Collectively, they contributed over USD xx-billion

annually to Canada's economy in 2009, according to Deloitte & Touche. This figure represents USD xx-

billion in direct output and USD xx-billion in value-added impacts, based on multipliers generated by

Statistics Canada.

The area under production for vegetables was almost constant at around xx thousand hectares from 2009

to 2013 and that for fruits hovered around 80 thousand hectares during the same period.

Area under Production

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012


Fruits (excluding melons) xx xx xx xx xx

Production

Vegetable xx xx xx xx xx

Fruits (excluding melons) xx xx xx xx xx

Source: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT)



Canadian Horticultural Farm Cash Receipts by Sector

Vegetables Fruits

Floriculture and Nursery

2007 xx xx xx

2008 xx xx xx

2009 xx xx xx

2010 xx xx xx

2011 xx xx xx

Source: Horticulture and Cross Sectoral Division Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,



Outlook

The dilemma of whether or not to plant a crop and when to plant has been faced by farmers ever since

crops were first planted. In the present global scenario, the duty of feeding a hungry world stretches out

far beyond the responsibilities of growers, but farmers have risen to the challenge of increasing demand

and natural disasters of all kinds, and enhanced the supply of food. Horticulture provides a new and

profitable medium of income for farmers. Farmers engaged in the production of fruits and vegetables earn

higher revenues than those engaged only in cereal production. For instance, in India, a farmer who

produces fruits and vegetables earns five to eight times more than a cereal producer. In Kenya, the export

of fruits, vegetables and flowers has given farmers six to twenty times more profit than others. Since

horticultural crops are well suited for small holdings and family enterprises, these crops are particularly

complementary for small-scale farming.

Globalization, trade liberalization and transformation in consumer demand are generating new market

opportunities for players in the horticulture industry. This has thrown up a wide range of economic

prospects in the tropical and sub-tropical zones. A case in point is that many farmers who are involved in

the production of cereals are changing a portion of their production into high value horticultural crops.

Interestingly, opportunities for horticulture arise from a number of challenges faced by the industry. It is

important that horticultural farmers and marketers understand the basis of consumer decision, as

availability and price are not the only criteria for such decisions. Changes in consumer behavior influenced

by change in income levels and social influences affect the propensity to buy and these changes in

consumer behavior should be realized while taking decisions regarding production.

In 2013, global fruit production was estimated at xx million tonnes as against an estimated xx million

tonnes in 2012. Meanwhile, vegetable production, including the production of melons, was approximately

xx million tonnes. For the year, China and India were amongst the top producing countries. Potato was the

most popular vegetable followed closely by sweet potato, tomato, onions and cabbage.

Food loss and food waste are major misuse of resources, including water, land, energy, labour, capital and

infrastructure. Developing countries need to realize that given the limited availability of natural resources,

it is more effective to reduce food losses than to increase food production to feed a growing world. This

realization will inevitably lead to a stronger commitment toward improving food quality at the production

point, improving grading methods and standards, and improving cool-chain distribution facilities.



Implemented successfully, the net gain of available food will be huge. In developed countries where food

wastage is a high proportion of all food that progresses past retail, needlessly throwing food away will

become increasingly unacceptable as resources in all forms become more valued.

Energy cost is constantly on the rise. It is estimated that almost 93 percent of horticulture is consumed

locally and the rest is exported to other countries. Rising fuel prices is one of the major challenges faced by

the horticulture industry. Reduction in food wastage could be one of the most important methods to

combat this challenge. Drastic changes in the climate also pose serious problems in many countries. A

study in New Zealand about climatic change impacts on growing grapes for wine revealed that drier

growing seasons increase water consumption and higher night temperatures lead to lower fruit acid

concentration. Horticultural scientists should look into such matters and develop new cultivars and

innovative growing system through research and development.

Horticultural crop production also creates jobs – about twice the amount of employment per hectare

compared to cereal production. Since, the supply chain for horticulture is more technically challenged than

cereals, more jobs can be created by upgrading the supply chain and providing vocational training to the

workforce.



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Delhi NCR, INDIA

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Documents

Global Horticulture-in the (2014 Pink of Health 2018) Pink ...3.10 Bangladesh 3.10.1 Major Horticulture Crops 3.10.2 Export-Import Scenario ... Commodity-wise Share of Exports of Horticultural