Upload
paul-brent-williams
View
218
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Scotland 2005
Jonathan Levie
Hunter Centre for Entrepreneurship University of Strathclyde
15 December 2006
New Business Activity: How Scotland Compares
2005 TEA scores for 35 sovereign nations & Scotland
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Hu
ng
ary
Ja
pa
n
Be
lgiu
m
Sw
ed
en
Slo
ve
nia
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
De
nm
ark
Ita
ly
Fin
lan
d
So
uth
Afr
ica
Au
str
ia
Fra
nc
e
Ge
rma
ny
SC
OT
LA
ND
Sp
ain
Me
xic
o
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Cro
ati
a
Un
ite
d K
ing
do
m
Gre
ec
e
La
tvia
Sin
ga
po
re
No
rwa
y
Ca
na
da
Arg
en
tin
a
Ire
lan
d
Ice
lan
d
Au
str
ali
a
Ch
ile
Bra
zil
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
Ch
ina
Ja
ma
ica
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Th
ail
an
d
Ve
ne
zue
la
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
ad
ult
p p
op
ula
tio
n b
etw
ee
n 1
8-6
4 y
ea
rs
Scotland
United Kingdom
United States
Ireland
New Zealand
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
9.00%
North
Eas
t
North
Wes
t
North
ern
Irela
nd
Wal
es
East M
idla
nds
Wes
t Mid
lands
Yorks
& H
umber
Scotla
nd
East o
f Engla
nd
South
Eas
t
South
Wes
t
London
UK TEA
UK Regional TEA rates, 2005
Scottish TEA rates 2000 to 2005
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
TE
A s
core
(%
)Males Females
1
3
5
Funding A
vail.
Gov. P
olicie
s
Gov. R
egs.
& In
stit.
Gov. P
rogs.
School E
duc.
Post-s
chool E
duc.
Tech. T
ransf
er
Bus. Ser
vice
s
Mar
k. C
hange
Mar
k. O
penes
s
Phys. I
nfra.
Nat. Ent.
Culture
Opportuniti
es
Ent. Com
peten
ce
Respec
t for E
nts.
IPR
Femal
e Ent.
Support
Hi Gro
. Ents
. Support
Scotland UK Hi income nations US Brazil
-ve
+ve
Scotland’s Environment for Entrepreneurship
Source: GEM 2005 Expert Interviews
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000
GDP per Capita 2005, in Purchasing Power Parities (PPP)
Per
cen
tag
e o
f p
op
ula
tio
n b
etw
een
18-
64 y
ears
EasternEurope
EU-15Countries
MiddleIncomeCountries
VE
NZ
HU
HR LV
AR
CL
TH
BR
CN
JM
MX
ZA
US
IS
CA
AU
SG
SI
ESGR
JP
NO
IE
DK
SW
UK
SC
HighIncomeCountries
New Business Activity and Relative Wealth
New Business Activity and Population Growth
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10% Population growth rate 2000-2005
2005
TE
A r
ate
(%)
Latvia
Hungary
SCOTLANDSingapore
Venezuela
New Business Activity and Established Business
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15
2005 Established owner/manager rate (%)
2005
TE
A r
ate
(%)
SCOTLAND
Thailand
Hungary
ChinaUnited States
TEA rates by Global Region
0.02.04.06.08.0
10.012.014.016.018.0
Global Region
Ave
rag
e T
EA
rat
e 20
00-0
5 (
%)
TEA and High Expectation Entrepreneurship rates
0.02.04.06.08.0
10.012.014.016.018.0
Global Region
Ave
rag
e T
EA
rat
e 20
00-0
5 (
%)
00.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.8
Ave
rag
e H
EE
rat
e 20
00-0
5 (%
)
TEA HEE
• GEM Scotland surveys picking up more high expectation entrepreneurs
• No difference now in relative ambition between Scots and UK entrepreneurs
• Growing businesses experiencing skills shortages in sales
High Expectation Entrepreneurship
New Social Enterprise Activity
Are you, alone or with others, currently trying to start any kind of social, community or voluntary venture, activity or initiative? This might include providing subsidised or free training, advice or support to individuals or organisations; profit-making activity, but where profits are used for socially oriented purpose; or self-help groups for community action.
Source: Pooled 2004 and 2005 GEM UK data
TEA and SEA by Educational Attainment
012345678
somesecondary
secondarycompleted
postsecondary
graduate
Educational attainment
% o
f g
rou
pScottish TEA Scottish SEA
UK TEA UK SEA
Scotland may have reached its “Natural” rate of new business activity.
Now What?
Focus on underlying drivers?(Wealth, population growth, business ownership)Focus on improving the environment?(Will affect only the ratio of HEE to TEA entrepreneurs)
Questions for Policy
• Move Social Ventures off short term grants to long term contracts
• Schools need more help from local entrepreneurs if Determined to Succeed is to truly succeed
• Higher Education must take Selling seriously if Growing Ventures are to fulfil their potential
• Major Entrepreneurship Education push needed in Further Education sector
Recommendations