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Global Climate Change. Forces of nature Climate data information UCAR. Radiative Forcing (+) or (-). External Forces Or Internal Forces . Cooling (Reflecting sunlight) . Warming (Greenhouse effect). Climate Change. Global Warming Natural U.V. Radiation Natural Cycles - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEForces of nature
Climate data information UCAR
Radiative Forcing (+) or (-)External Forces
OrInternal Forces
Climate Change
Cooling (Reflecting sunlight)
Warming(Greenhouse effect)
Global Warming1. Natural
1. U.V. Radiation2. Natural Cycles
1. Milankivitch2. Solar spots
3. GHG 1. CO2, H2O, CH4, 03, N2O
2. Anthropogenic1. Increase in GHG
Climates have changed through history
Proxy evidence: Early atmosphere :CH4, N2O, CO2 Increase in plants decreased CO2 levels pla
net cooled off Yet warm enough to have palm trees at the
poles Vostok Ice core: Supports Milankovitch
cycles, gradual change Also showed rapid change, why? GOCB
Cold Salty water is more dense, Fresh water freezes faster, would stop GOCB,
Entered ocean from melting ice Change in CO2 levels has not been
explained, just correlation Past 150 years
19 of the 20 warmest years on record occurred since 1980
Vostok ice core
If fresh water is added to the marine water it becomes less dense and will not sinkThe combo water stalls the GOCBPlaces like Ireland will become much colder
Milankovitch cycles Eccentricity : Earth gets closer and farther away from the sun on 100,000 year intervals
Solar variability
Carbon dioxide and global climate
1895 Svante Arrhenius: predicted CO2 from coal combustion would increase global temps
Keeling curve Global surface temperatures don’t mat
ch atmosphere increases POD: Cooling of Ocean temperatures Increased volcanic action Reduction in O3
A series of small volcanoes since 2000 that have spewed sunlight-blocking ash skyward
The natural 11-year solar cycle, whose declining phase lasted longer than usual: from 2000 to 2009
Variations in the exchange of heat between the ocean and atmosphere
Keeling Curve
Oceans have been absorbing energy
POD event 10 yr cycle Since 2000 more
volcanic activity Aerosols Sulfates
Sun spots solar flares Less Energy from sun
Urban heat islands: Why do we care about Urban heat islands? Urban heat islands cause _________ which can lead to______Increased energy consumption: high peak demand and increased chance of blackouts or brownouts.
Increased demand in energy; greater greenhouse gas emissions; higher temperatures.
Increased demand in energy; greater emission in pollutants from power plants.; formation of ground-level ozone.Increased demand in energy , greater emission in pollutants from power plants; Compromised human health and comfort: Warmer days and nights, along with higher air pollution levels, can contribute to general discomfort, respiratory difficulties, heat cramps and exhaustion, non-fatal heat stroke, and heat-related mortality.Hot pavement and rooftop surfaces; the transfer their excess heat to stormwater, which then drains into storm sewers and raises water temperatures as it is released into streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. Rapid temperature changes can be stressful to aquatic ecosystems. Impaired water quality:
Planetary Albedo1. Natural
a. Volcanoesb. Snow/Ice c. Clouds
2. Anthropogenica. Aerosols
i. dust ii. soot
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
Consequences of GCC GOCB will stall and lower global temperature Sea levels will rise and flood coastal areas Climates change
Arctic: permafrost is melting buildings and infrastructures are changing
Local cultures face extinction Seasons lengths will change
Summers longer increase in insect populations that carry disease
Cause a change in migration patterns, Change in growing patterns, animals will migrate
farter north
Effects of Global Climate Change Increase of
temperature 2.5-10°F by 2100 (IPCC)
Less snowpack in western U.S.
Increase in rain fed crop yield 5-20%,
More frequent and intense heat waves in cites that currently have them
Benefits of green roofs Reduced energy use: Reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions: Improved human health and comfort: Enhanced stormwater management and
water quality: Improved quality of life:
Proposed solutions Kyoto protocol Cap and Trade Voluntary limits