GIS Network Analysis to Optimize Zoning System

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GIS Network Analysis to Optimize Zoning System Implementation for Public Junior High Shools

in Yogyakarta City

Rahma Kurnia Sri Utami1, Nurul Khakhim, Retnadi Heru Jatmiko, Andri Kurniawan, Listumbinang Halengkara2

1Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, 2Lampung University


Introduction • The implementation of School Zone System Policy has many obstacle.

• The number of prospective students is not balanced with the number of school quotas .

• Uneven distribution of public schools and generally not in accordance with the settlement distribution pattern characteristics.

• The zoning buffer technique used by the local government has a major weakness : emergence of the blankspot area (area where not covered by schools services)


Literature Review • Location-allocation analysis is widely used to locate various

public facilities such as the location of schools, hospitals, fire-brigades etc. The allocation-location model has mathematical characteristics and is a normative model to solve the location problems. P-median model classified as a discrete location model [3].

Research: Pizzolato , Prima and Arymurthy, Nurcahyono.

• Service area analysis is a method for determining the coverage area of a facility, uses the principle of distance or travel time to the location of the facility thru the transportation network.

Research: Prajna et al, Mindahun and Asefa, Putri et al.


Method

Optimimum Zone Technique for

PJHS

P-median Maximum

distance Location-Allocation

Analysis Service Area Analysis

PJHS map

Existing Facility

Settlements map

Demand Point Network Data Sheet

Network map


1. Zoning System Analysis

Result and Discussion

- Weakness: does not pay attention to the function of the road network, does not reflect the actual conditions of student travel from residence to school.

- Causes blankspot phenomenon. - The location of the blankspot area covers especially the

southern region with different intensities. - There are sub-districts with a 100% blankspot level, means

that children (13-15 years old) in this area have absolutely no access to public-school education services.


2. Location Allocation Analysis (P-Median Model)

Figure 4. P-median Analysis with Impendance Variance of 1.000m, 2.000m, dan 3.000m

Impendance

Demand Served

Demand Point Unserved Point

Percentage

1000 meter 535 37,89% 877

2000 meter 1.119 79,25% 293

3000 meter 1.383 97,95% 29


3. Service Area Analysis

Figure 4. P-median Analysis with Impendance Variance of 1.000m, 2.000m, dan 3.000m

Impendance Demand Served

Area (km2) Percentage 1000 meter 14,25 43,85%

2000 meter 27,33 84,09%

3000 meter 32,05 98,62%


Conclusion • The location-allocation analysis of the P-median and service area

models can provide an overview of education services range.

• The P-median model will be used more effectively to solve the problem of the school zoning system, because each point of demand can be directly allocated to public junior high school..

• The number of PJHS in Yogyakarta City is far from adequate. Additional schools are needed to optimize junior high school education services.

• The next research should pay more attention to the detail attribute data for network analysis, especially the detailed road network data as the basis for the network data sheet.

• This research can be continued with an analysis of the addition of new schools to optimize junior hih school education services.


Reference

• Pizzolato, Nelio D. 1994. A Heuristic for Large Size P-median Location Problems with Application to School Location. Annals of Operation Research 50 (1994) pp. 473-485.

• Pizzolato et al. 2004. Shool Location Methodology in Urban Areas of Developing Countries. International Transactions in Opreational Research 11 92004) pp. 667-681.

• Prima, Pudy dan Arymurthy, Aniati M. 2018. Optimization of School Location Allocation-Using Firefly Algorithm. The 3rd International Conference on Computing and Applied Informatics 2018. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics 1235 (2019) 012002.

• Nurcahyono et al. 2010. Penentuan Lokasi Ideal SD dan MI se Kecamatan Pejagon Kabupaten Kebumen dengan Menggunakan Model P-median, P-center dan Max covering. Performa (2010) Vol 9 No. 2 pp. 1-10.

• Prajna et al. 2015. Analisis Daya Tampung Fasilitas Pendidikan Terhadap Jumlah penduduk Usia Sekolah Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis. Jurnal Geodesi Undip Vol 4 No 3 (2015) pp. 105-111.

• Mindahun, W dan Asefa, B. 2019. Location Allocation Analysis for Urban Public Services Using GIS Techniques: A Case of Primary Schools in Yeka Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. American Journal of Geographic Information System 8 (1) pp. 26-38.

• Putri et al. 2014. Analisis Cakupan Pelayanan Shelter Bus Trans Semarang terhadap Kawasan CBD Menggunakan Network Analysis. Jurnal Geodesi Undip Vol. 3 No. 1 Tahun 2014 pp. 300-314.

• UGM dan Bappeda Kota Yogyakarta. 2019. Ringkasan Eksekutif: Kajian Kebijakan Sistem Zonasi Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) Tingkat SMP di Kota Yogyakarta. Pusat Studi Ekonomi Kerakyatan (Pustek) Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta dan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kota Yogyakarta.

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GIS Network Analysis to Optimize Zoning System