GIS Enterprise Architectures

The Trends - Moving GIS into the IT Mainstream

Tools

Centralized

Standalone

GIS Data

Mapping System

Legacy data migration

Isolated spatial analysis

Integrated technology

Distributed

Embedded

Spatially enabled data

Database System

Legacy data access

Enterprise spatial analysis

1990

The Distributed WorldEvolving requirements on the PC platform

Users = Employees

Leased lines

Alphanumeric data

Serial development

Annual updates

7x24 = Exotic

High priests

Users = WWW

Virtual private nets

Multimedia data

Iterative development

JIT deployment

7x24 = Required

Real people

Today

Enterprise GIS

Goals

•Centralized databases and applications.

• Limited software and hardware components.

• Single point of access to department wide data.

• Access and distribution via networks.

Relational Database Integration

• Interactive analytical capabilities

• Geo-processing of relational data

• Analysis across multiple spatial and attribute databases

WorkstationSpatial Data DevelopmentSpatial Data MaintenanceSpatial Data ConversionGIS ProjectsMap Production

UNIX, Lenixand

Windows

GIS Workstations

Desktop GIS ApplicationsQuery and AnalysisAd Hoc MappingGeneral Operations

UNIX, Lenixand

Windows

Object ApplicationsEmbedded ApplicationsSpecific OperationsWork ManagementDelivery RoutingEmergency Response

MicrosoftWindows

WebMappingGIS Information ProductsData PublishingProject ResearchWeb-based Tools

UNIX, Lenixand

Windows

GIS System Evolution

WAN

Centralized DatabaseEnterprise GIS Operations

Centralized Data Administration

Data

Terminals/Browsers

Web map ServersDesktops

Parks

UtilitiesIT

Assessor

WAN

Data WarehouseDepartmental GIS Operations

Centralized Data Sharing

Data

Desktops

Parks

Utilities IT

AssessorWAN

Distributed Client/ServerDepartmental GIS

Desktops

File Servers

Parks

Utilities

Assessor

Client/ServerDepartmental GIS

LAN

File Server

Desktops

Utilities Department

Data SharingPersonal GIS

Utilities Department

Desktops

GIS Enterprise Evolution

Internet GIS OperationsShared Database Environments

Data Integration

InternetTerminals/Browsers

Desktops

Terminal Servers

Application Service Providers

GIS Data Marts

Company GIS

City GIS

County GIS

Intranet

Enterprise GIS OperationsDepartment and Central Database

Data Integration

Data

Terminals/Browsers

Web Map Server

Desktops Parks

UtilitiesIT

Assessor

GIS Applications Network Impact

What GIS Does ...

Graphic Data Representation (Maps)

Large Quantity of Data Analysis

Lots of Network Traffic

Sample 1-MB Map Display

Data

Applications

SMBNFS

File Servers

UNIX or WindowsClients

Query Processing on Client

Client/Server Protocols

Typical Data Transfer100 KB Display Data

Typical Data Transfer1 MB Spatial Data

Cache

TCP/IP

Query Processing on ServerData Server

Display/ControlRemote Terminal

ClientsX-WindowsTerminals

WindowsTerminals

X.11 ICARDP

UNIX Server WTS Server

Application Processing on Server

Cache

Cache

Web Browsers

HTML/GIF

Data Server

Client/Server Performance

Client/Server Communications Network Traffic Transport Time56 Kbps 1.54 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps

File Server to Workstation Client (NFS)•1 MB 357 Sec. 13 Sec. 2 Sec. 0.2 Sec.

SDE Server to Workstation Client (SDE API)•1 MB 89 Sec. 3.2 Sec. 0.5 Sec. 0.05 Sec.

UNIX Application Server to X-Terminal Client•100 KB 18 Sec. 0.6 Sec. 0.1 Sec. 0.01 Sec.

Windows Terminal Server to Terminal Client (ICA)•100 KB 0.3 Sec. 0.013 Sec. 0.002 Sec. 0.0002 Sec.

Web Server to Browser Client (HTML/GIF)•100 KB 0.3 Sec. 0.013 Sec. 0.002 Sec. 0.0002 Sec.

50% Data Compression

Up to 98% Data Compression

GIS Product Architecture

The Shift To N-Tier

1-Tier2-Tier

N-Tier

Mainframe Apps

Mini-Computer Apps

Corporate Applications

(Often departmental)

Distributed Production

Web Aware/Web Scale

eCommerce

Client/Server

Internet/Enterprise

19881990

19921994

19961998

Monolithic/Automation

Client BusinessRule

Server

DataServer

N-tier Architecture for the Web

System Architecture Options

Desktops-Analysis-Maintenance-Operations-Studies

Laptops-Data Updates-Analysis

Browsers-Map Products-Analysis-Operations-Studies

PerformanceScalabilityHigh Availability

Remote Sites

Web

Web Browsers-Data Download-Maps on Demand-Data Shipping

WWW

WAN

Terminals-Analysis-Maintenance-Operations-Studies

WTS

100 Mbps Ethernet

GISServer

File/ImageServer

DBMSServer

Storage Area Network

Files Attributes

Data Resources

Files

Web-GISServer

Multi-User Environment

Multi-User, Versioned

OO-GIS DBMS

Data ImporterWorkstation

Map Server

Feature Server

Data ProductionWorkstation

Desktop Clients -- Not web-based so don’t need Map Server

OO Database

Behavior of different kinds of features can be stored and executed from the central database, instead of being repeated in each client application -- reduces traffic over the network Object lifecycle rules Data capture criteria Data integrity validation rules Multi-user conflict resolution rules Symbolic representation rules

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Trends in Industry

Growing adoption of O-O web-enabled IT for GIS software development, marketing, distribution, support

Multi-user GIS with feature versioning for data production and maintenance

Integration of ODBMS with RDBMS in enterprise, with multi-tiered web-based application architectures

Industry Trends - 2 Use of CORBA & Java technology for distributed

applications

OLE for embedding maps within desktop applications

OpenGIS for cross-vendor interoperability

Support for multiple standard languages (C++, Java, Visual Basic) in commercial GIS products for different levels of applications and users within an enterprise