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WHITE OAK LABORATORY

SYNTHESIS OF MERCURIC 5-NITROTETRAZOLE

BYWilliam H. Gilligan

r-..Motie J. TECHNICAL EMER97

" NAVRLURFACE WEAPONS CENTERWHIT EAK LABORATO RYSYNTHERSISOP ECRICGAYLND TR2ETR910

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NAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTERWHT A9SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND 20910


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READ INSTRUCTIONSREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM'I RE-PORTNU M qjf...fL . 2 GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3 RECIPIENT'S CATALO,; NUMBER

NSWC/WdL/TR-76-146 ___4 TITLE(apd Swbl14t4) 5 TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

SYNTHESIS OF MERCURIC 5-NITROTETRAZOLE,S"- 6 PERrORMING ORG REPORT NUMBER

7 AUTHOR(s) - 8 CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(a)

William H./Gilligan/and ', I - -,Mort imer J.iKamlet _ _ _ __"9 ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAAE AN D ADDRESS 10 PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NJUMBERSNaval Surface Weapons Center 0: 0.White Oak Laboratory OPN;White Oak, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

I I CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. _ .. L, A,!-- - '/. / 9 Decc a 76- 3I -4U F O PAGES

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16 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report),Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

iK

17 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstrect entered Ir Block 20. If different Irom Report)

18 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19 KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side It necessary acnd dentity by block number)Initiators Lead AzidePrimary Explosives DetonatorsExplosivesSynthesis

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide It necessary and Identify by block number)Initial tests indicate Mercury 5-Nitrotecrazole is a promisingreplacement fo r lead azide in detonators. During the courseof preparation of this material for testing, several improvementsin the original synthesis were made. A reliable good yieldprocedure fo r mercury 5-nitrotetrazole is now a.vailable.

DD "IR713 1473 EDITION OF I NO V 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIEDDDN I UN-146601ECURITYCLASSIFICATIEDOFTHISPAG("onDatEntered" ~SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whten flatsl ffntarad)

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NSWC/WOL/TR 76-146 9 December 1976SYNTHESIS OF MERCURIC 5-11ITROTETRAZOLEAn improved synthesis of mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole is de!scribed.Mercuric: 5-nitrotetrazole is a very promising candidate fo r thereplacement of lead azide in detonators.This task SF 33-354-316/8460 was funded by the Naval Sea SystemsCommand, SEA-0332.

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPage

I. INTRODUCTION ................. 3..........."II. VON HERZ PROCEDURE FO R MERCURIC, 5-NITROTETRAZOLE ....... 3III. ELIMINATION OF MINOR DETONATIONS ....................... 5IV. SEPARATION OF TH E COPPER ACID SALT OF

5-NITROTETRAZOLE ....................................... 6V. PURIFICATION OF 5-N'TROTETRAZOLE VIABIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE) COPPER (I!)

BIS(5-NITROTETRAZOLE) .... .............................. 6VI. EXPERIMENTAL ........................................... 7

TABLETitle Page

I- EFFECT OF SODIUM NITRITE CONCENTRATION ONACID COPPER SALT PREPARATION ........................ 8

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SYNTHESIS OF MERCURIC 5-NITROTETRAZOLEI. INTRODUCTION

Lead azide is one of the most common primary explosives usedin detonators. it has been in widespread use fo r the past 50 yearsnot only in the United States but throughout the world. Despiteits almost universal acceptance, its service life is often shortenedbecause of ready hydrolysis in the presence of moisture and carbondioxide. One of the by-products of hydrolysis is hydrogen azidewhich in the presence of copper or copper alloys can form variousH2 0/CO2 2 Pb(N-3)2/ PbCO Pb(OH)2 + 4HN 3

cooper azides some of which are even more sensitive, particularly toelectrostatic discharqe than lead azide itself.1120Cu + HN3 C2uN + Cu(N 3 ) 2Cu(OH) 2 ...

The presence of copper azides is believed to have caused anumber of fatal accidents during the handling and storace ofmunitions, and is also thought to be a factor in premature firinas.

For these reasons a program was begun at the Naval SurfaceWeapons Center, White Oak Laboratory (NSWC/WOL) to find areplacement fo r lead azide that would be stable to hydrolysis,compatible with detonatli construction materials and would atleast equal lead azide in, performance. Before and during thisprogram, close cooperation was maintained with British personnelat the Explosive Research and Development Establishment (ERDE)at Waltham Abbey, Essex, England, who were conducting a similarinvestigation.II. VON HERZ PROCEDURE FOR MERCURIC 5-NITROTETRAZOLE

Preliminary screening performed both here and by the Britishat Waltham Abbey indicated that mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole was apromising lead azide replacement. Our attention then was directedto an examination of the synthesis and properties of this compound.

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Mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole was first reported in 1932 byVon Herz'. He prepared this material via th e fo]lowing threesteps:

a. NH2"H2SO12 2 4.CC CuSO4N 'ON/N + 4 uHTN),4

where NT = 5-nitrotetrazole anion.

b. (uHNT(NT). 2 "4H2 0 N CuO , +, C

N-N

C. NO. - NO 2C +

2 'bN -Na+ + Hg(NO3 ) 2 N Hg3N- N N-2N -2

He proposed that th e heavy metal salts and methyl esters of5-nitrotetrazole would be useful initiating explosives. Conversely,in 1952 it was reported that mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole was rejectedfrom consideration as a primary explosive because of excessivewater solubility 2 , though no data as a basis for this decisionwere given.

1E. Von Herz, U.S. Pat. 2,066,954 (1-932).2F. Taylor, NAVORD 2468, Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Wnite Cak, 11D,

3 Jun 1952.3The solubility of pure mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole in water wasdetermined by D. Glover of this Center, formerly the NavalOrdnance Laboratory, to be 0.09% at 30'C.

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During initial experimentation with the Von Herz procedureseveral problems were encountered. During the diazotization therewas a continuous series of minor detonations, which while notharmful in themselves 4 , were pschologically disturbing and didon occasion break glassware. There was the possibil i ty that thepotentially dangerous (in the dry state) acid copper nitrotetrazolesalt would be spilled over adjacent surfaces.

Upon completion of the diazotization the acid copper salt waspresent as a voluminous gel-like precipitate which required longperiods (six hours or longer) to separate by filtration and towash free of impurities. This would seriousl hamper scale-upoperations where large quantities would have to *,eprocessed. In addition, although Von Herz claimed yields ofaround 90% fo r this step, we were only able to obtain yields of60 to 65%.The purity of the sodium 5-nitrotetrazole used for thereaction with mercuric nitrate had a marked effect on both theyield and the properties of the resultant mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole.When raw solutions of sodium 5-nitrotetrazole obtained by treatingthe acid copper salt with sodium hydroxide and filtering offthe cupric oxide were used the mercury salt dead pressed atmoderate pressures ( 20 kpsi) and so was unsuitable fo r detonatoruse.It was necessary then to further purify the sodium 5-nitrotetrazole. This was done by recrystallizingthe sodium salttwice from water. This proved to be a time consuming procedurewhich requLred the evaporation of large volumes of watei. Also,because of the solubility of the sodium salt, yield losseswere high. The mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole prepared by the reactionof twice recrystallized sodium 5-nitrotetrazcle with mercuricnitrate did not dead press up to 80 kpsi, and had gooc JLetonantproperties, but even here there were batch to batch variations incrystal form and sizes

III. ELIMINATION OF MINOR DETONATIONS5-Diazotetrazole wil l spontaneously detonate in aqueous

solution when th e concentration exceeds i%6. It was reasoned then

'Private communication from Dr. J. Jenkins, ERDE, Waltham Abbey,Essex, England. An aqueous slurry of the copper acid salt of5-nitrotetrazole could not be exploded with a detonator cap.SA more consistent product could be obtained by recrystallizingthe sodium salt two additional times from acetone but this, ofcourse, further increased both the yield losses and the timerequired for purification.6F. R. Benson, "Heterocyclic Compoands," 8, p. 1 (1967).

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that the detonations occurring during the diazotization werecaused by nitrogen oxide fumes arising from the reaction solutionand reacting with droplets of 5-aminotetrazole solution on varioussurfaces of the apparatus. Since copper salts catalyze thereaction of 5-diazotetrazole with nucleophiles, it was felt thatthe addition of small amounts of copper sulfate to the 5-aw.ino-tetrazole solution would eliminate any build-up of thediazotetrazole by catalyzing its conversion to 5-hydroxytetrazole.

C ++NiOC 2 N N + N.:,

i0 / H 20/u++/ HCN -- N N -N

This iproved to be the case since the addition of small amounts (%2q)of copper sulphate to the 5-aminotetrazole solution completelyeliminated the detonations previously experienced.IV. SEPARATION OF TH E COPPER ACID SALT OF 5-NITROTETRAZOLE

Table 1 summarizes the results of a number of experiments inwhich the sodium nitrite concentration was gradually increasedby the addition of excess sodium nitrite and by decrE~asing th ereaction volume. There was a concomitant increase in th e ,ieldof the acid copper salt from 62 to 85%. In addition, the physicalnature of the precipitate was markedly altered from gel-like toa more compact easily filtered material. The, filtration andwashing which were previously a major headache could now bequickly accomplished in about ten minutes. The substitution ofnitric acid fo r sulfuric acid under Von Herz conditions didappear to be somewhat advantageous (expt 3) , however at highernitrite concentrationsthere was no discernible difference.

Because of the increased yield and the importance of easeof filtration the more favorable modifications were incorporatedinto a revised procedure for the preparation of the acid coppersalt (see Experimental).V. PURIFICATION OF 5-NITROTETRAZOLE VIA BIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)COPPER (II) BIS(5-NITROTETRAZOLE)

As a result of investigations carried out at ERDE, WalthamAbbey, Essex, England 7 , it was found that the copper acid salt7 Private communication from Drs. J. Jenkins and R. McGuchan.English patent pending.

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of 5-nitrotetrazole could be reacted with ethylenediamire togive bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II)bis(5-nitrotetrazole.,) This2 CuHNT(NT) 2"4H 2 0 + CuSO4 + 6 NH2CH 2CH 2NH2

3 Cuen2 (NT) 2where en = NH2 CH2 CH NH,;

NT = anion of 5-nitrotetrazolecoordination compound could be readily purified by recrystallizationfrom water, was relatively non-sensitive 8 and so could be handledsafely in the dry state. Mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole could then beprepared by dissolving the Cuen 2 (NT) 2 in hot water adding nitricacid to tie up the ethylenediamine followed by the addition ofmercuric nitrate solution.

Cuen 2 (NT) 2 + 4 HNO 3 - Cu(NT) 2 + 2 (en- 2 11NO 3)Cu(NT) 2 + Hg(N0 3 ) 2 - > Ig(NT) 2 + Cu(NO3) 2

Mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole prepared in this manner was in the formof discrete well shaped crystals which showed little variancefrom run to run. The product showed excellent detonant propertiesas an initiator explosive. This procedure eliminated the necessityfo r the time-consuming purification of sodium 5-nitrotetrazoleand was easily adaptable to scale-up operations.

With the adoption of the bis(ethylenediamine) Cu(II)bis(5-nitrotetrazole) purification method, all of the problemsassociated with the original Von Herz procedure were eliminated.A reliable good yield procedure for mercuric 5-nitrotetrazoleis no w available.During the course of this work, approximately 5 pounds

of sodium 5-nitrotetrazole and about 2.5 pounds of mercuric5-nitrotetrazole were prepared in the laboratory fo r investigativepurposes without incident.VI. EXPERIMENTALMERCURIC 5-NITROTETRAZOLE FROM SODIUM 5-NITROTETRAZOLE

I. Sodium 5-NitrotetrazoleCuen 2 (NT) gave evidernce of burning at 50 cm (2.5 kg wt) butdid n6t detonate up to 300 (m on the NSWC impact machine.

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NSWC/WOL/TR 76-146Reagents:A. 104g (1.5 mol) NaNO2 and 55g (0.22 mol) CuSO 45H 20 in 300 mwater.B. 51.5g (0.5 mol) 5-aminotetrazole monohydrate, 2g CuSO 45H2 0and 64 ml 70% nitric acid in 700 ml H20.C. 70 ml 70 % HNO3 in 30 ml H20.D. 50% NaOH solution (ca 30 ml).Caution:

The copper acid salt of 5-nitrotetrazole, CuHNT(NT) 2 , can behandled safely in the wet state; however in the dry state, it isvery sensitive to shock and electrostatic discharge. Air driedsodium 5-nitrotetrazole containing two or more mole-equivalentsof water of crystallization is relatively insensitive to shock;it cannot be detonated with a hammer blow. However when completedry, it is also a sensitive explosive. Both compounds willdetonate violently if dropped on a hot plate. All precautionsconsistent with the handling of potentially dangerous explosivematerials should be observed throughout this operation.Procedure:

Place solution A in a 2L beaker and cool to 50C. Adc solutiB to A dropwise with efficient stirring ovcr a period of about90 minutes holding the temperature at 150 to 181C (Note 1). Stirfor 15 minutes, add solution C drcpwise and then stir fo r anadditional 30 minutes. Filter with suction and wash the copperacid salt with 250 ml 1.8 N HNO 3 and three times with 250 ml ofwater. Do not allow the cake to dry during the filtration andwashing. Transfer the wet cake to a 1500 ml beaker and adjustthe volume to about 600 ml with water.Adjust the pH of the slurry to ca 9 with 50% sodium hydroxid

solution to precipitate copper hydroxide and then heat theefficiently stirred slurry to 70C and digest fur 30 minutes(Note 2). Allow the precipitate to partially settle and filterwith suction through a packed layer of "celite" (Note 3) . Washthe precipitate twice with 100 ml of water.

Adjust the pH of the combined filtrate and washes to 4,with conc. TINO Reduce the volume to ca 350 ml using a rotovacat a bath temperature of 600C. Cool to 2C and filter th esodium 5-nitrotetrazole (Note 4). Reduce the filtrate to 200 mland take a second crop... etc. Combine the crops, redissolvein water and recrystallize a second time. Air dry the product.

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Dissolve th e sodium 5-nitrotetrazole in acetone on a steambath and filter to remove inorganic salts. Cool th e filtrate inan ic e bath and remove th e sodium 5-nitrotetrazole by filtration.Recrystal l ize a second time from acetone and air dry (Note 5).The yield is about 45-55% of theory based on 5-aminotetrazoie.Notes:1. During th e diazotization of 5-aminotetrazole nitrogen oxideS~fumesre given off from the reaction solution. This step shouldbe carried out in an efficient hood.2. The blue hydrated cupric hydroxide is converted to thebrownish-black cupric oxide at 70 0 C.3. Without "celite" th e filtration and washing requires severalhours since th e finely divided cupric oxide clogs th e filtelr.4. Sodium 5-nitrotetrazole crystallizes from water as avoluminous hydrated mass. After air drying, th e salt contaLnstwo to five moles of water of crystallization depending on ambienthumidity.5. Sodium 5-nitrotetrazole crystallizes from acetone as adihydrate. This appears to be stable at ambient condit ions.II. Mercuric 5-Nitrotetrazole from Sodium 5-Nitrotetrazole

2Na(NT) + Hg(N0 3 ) 2 \ Hg(NT) + 2NaNO322 3where NT = anion of 5-nitrotetrazole

Reagents:A. Hg(NO ) solution. Dissolve 54.0 g of red mercuric oxide in200 mi 9f 35% HNO0. Filter and dilute th e filtrate tc 250 ml"with 35% HNO 3.B. 70% HNO 3C. Sodium 5-nitrotetrazole dihydrate.

Caution:Sodium 5-nitrotetrazole containing two or more mole-equivalentsof water of hydration is relatively insensitive to shock; it cannotbe detonated with a hammer blow. However when completely dry,it is a sensitive explosive.

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Mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole is a powerful primary explosive.It detonates a t 7 cm (2.5 kg wt) on th e NSWC impact machine. Itis also sensit ive to friction. A ll operations should be carriedout behind a safety screen with minimum exposure, by experiencedpersonnel.Procedure:

Dissolve 16.7 g of sodium 5-nitrotetrazole in 188 ml water.Add 12 ml 70% HNO and place a magnetic stirring bar in th esolution. In a s~parate container, add 60 ml of th e Hg"NO) 2solution to 140 ml of water. Heat both th e tetrazole solu ionand th e Hg(NO 3 ) 2 solution to 750C in a water bath.Remove th e solutions, quickly add th e Hq(N0) solution to

the tetrazole solution and begin stirring at slowest speedpossible. Allow to cool gradually to ca 30 0 C with continuousstirring while the mercuric salt crvstallizes. a-op the stirring,allow the mercury sa]t to settle an, then decanL the supernatantAiquid. Transfer th e sol ids to a "Nalgene" beaker by means of awater wash bottle. Add 200 ml of water, swirl, and again decant.

Transfer about 1/3 of th e solids to a small "Nalgene"buchner funnel (#2 Whatman paper) by means of a water wash bottleand wash consecutively with 50 ml water, twice with 50 ml ofmethanol, and finally with 50 ml of methylene chloride. Aiir dryon th e funnel. Carefully transfer th e dried salt by gent'ypouring th e contents into a weighed wide-mouth conductive plasticcontainer. After weighing place meicuric salt into a blast-proofcontainer. Repeat filtration and washing fo r remainder ofproduct. Yield is 75 to 80% of theory based on sodium 5-nitrotetrazole.MERCURIC 5-NITROTETPAZOLE FROM BIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)COPPER(II)1,BIS(5-NITROTETRAZOLE)I. Bis(Ethylenediamine)Copper(II)Bis(5-Nitrotetrazole)Reagents:A. 104 g (1.5 mol) NaNO2 and 55 g (0.22 mol/ CuSO 4 51H20 in300 ml H20.B. 51.5 g (0.5 mol) 5-aminotetrazole monohydrate, 2 g CuSO 4

5H 20 and 64 ml 70% nitric acid in 700 ml H2 0.C. 70 ml 70% HNO3 in 30 ml 2.D. Ethylenediamine.

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Caution:The copper acid salt of 5-nitrotetrazole [CuHNT(NT) 2 ] can behandled safely in the wet state, however when dried, it is verysensitive to shock and electrostatic discharge. Bis(ethylene-diamine)copper(II)bis(5-nitrotetrazole) has been routinelyhandled in the dry state without incident. On the NSWC impactmachine, it burns at 50 cm (2.5 kg wt) but does not detonate. Whenheated in a capillary, in an aluminum block, it begins meltingat 2100C and completely decomposes with a burst of gas at 225'Cleaving a brownish-black residue. Under these conditions, itdoes not detonate. Nevertheless, all precautions consistentwith the handling of potentially dangerous materials should be

observed throughout these operations.Procedure:

Place solution A in a 2L beaker and cool to 50 C. Add solutionB to A dropwise, with efficient stirring over a period of about90 minutes holding the temperature at 15 - 18 0 C (Note 1). Stirfo" 15 minutes, add solution C dropwise and then stir fo r anadditional 30 minutes. Filter the copper acid salt with suctionand wash witi- 250 ml 1.8N HNO and three times with 250 ml water.Do not allow the cake to dry during the filtration and washing.Transfer the wet cake to a 1500 ml Erlenmeyer and make up th evolume to about 600 ml with water.

Heat the slurry (water bath) to 75 0 C with efficient stirringand add a solution of 21 q CuSO4- 5H 20 and 45 ml of ethylenedianineth4 2ur a opeein 80 ml of H2 0. Stir until the slurry has completely dissolvedand then cool quickly with swirling in an ice bath. After coolingallow to remain in the i.e bath fo r 45 minutes to complete th ecrystall ization. Filter, wash twice with 200 ml cold water andair dry. The yield of Cuen 2 (NT) 2 is about 77 g; 75 % based on"5-aminotetrazole.Note 1. During the diazotization of 5-aminotetrazole, nitrogenoxide fumes are given off from the reaction solution. This stepshould be carried out in an efficient hood.II. Mercuric 5-Nitrotetrazole frcm Bis(r~thylenediamine)Copper(II)

Bis(5-Nitrotetrazole)Reagents:A. 100 g Cuen2 (N]T) 2 in 1100 ml H 0 at 751C.2 2SB. 65 ml 70% HNO 3 in 160 ml H20.t C.4 ml 70% HNO3 in 255 ml of 1.OM Hg(NO 3 ) 2 .

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Caution:Mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole is a powerful primary explosive.It detonates at 7 cm (2.5 kg wt) on the NSWC impact machine and

is also sensitive to friction. All operations should be carriedout behind a safety screen with minimum exposure, by experiencedpersonnel.Procedure:

Add solution B to A, dropwise, w'ith stirring at 750 to 80'Cover a period of 15 minutes. Then add solution C in the samemanner over a period of 55 minutes. Stir fo r 15 minutes then allowto cool to 55 0 C. Decant the supernate from the solid productand wash by decantation 5 times with 500 ml H 0 Transfer the2product to a plastic bottle with a water wash bottle and store* under water. Yield is about 92 g (89%).Analysis of Mercuric 5-Nitrotetrazole

The 5-nitrotetrazole ring has a maximum in the ultravioletat 257 mwi, which can be used fo r analysis 9. The molecuLarextinction coefficient is 5.4 x 103.31About 60 mg of mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole is dissolved in20 ml of 20% ammonium acetate solutico and then diluted to 250 mlwith water. A second dilution of about one to ten is then made with2% ammonium acetate solution and the absorption is measured at257 mp against a reagent blank.Sodium 5-nitrotetrazole dihydrate which was recrystallizedtwice from water and three times from acetone and then air dried

was used to prepare a standard curve.

9 N. J. Blay, D. '. Davies, D. C. Mullinger and R. J. Rapley, TRDE,TR 163, Explosives Research and Development Establishment,Waltham Abbey, Essex, England, Jan 1974.13

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DISTRIBUTION LIST copiesCommanderNaval Sea Systems CommandWashington, D.C. 20362SEA-0332, A. AmsterSEA-0332B, G. EdwardsSEA-04H, E. DaughtertySEA-992E, R. Beauregard

SEA-0932 2CommanderNaval Air Systems CommandWashington, D. C. 20361I ESA 2041 Dl, H. GrahamChief of Naval MaterialWashington. D. C. 20360

Code 0323, I. JaffeCommanding OfficerNaval Weapons Support CenterCrane, Indiana 47522Commanding OfficerNaval Ammunition Depotc/o Fleet Post OfficeSan Francisco, California 96612

LibraryCommanding OfficerNaval Ordnance StationIndian Head, Maryland 20640

LibrarySuperintendentNaval Post Graduate SchoolMonterey, California 93940DirectorNaval Research LaboratoryWashington, D. C. 20390Technical Information SectionCommanding OfficerDavid W. Taylor Naval Ship Research & Development CenterBethesda, Maryland 20084


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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued) CopiesCommanding Officer and DirectorUnderwater Explosions Research DivisionNaval Ship Research and Development CenterPortsmouth, Virginia 23709LibraryCommanderNaval Underwater Systems CenterNewport, Y'hode Island 02844LibraryCommanderNaval Weapons CenterChina Lake, California 93555

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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued) CopiesCommanding GeneralArmy Material CommandDepartment of the ArmyWashington, D. C. 20318R & D DivisionCommanding GeneralFrankford ArsenalPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19112LibraryActing Director Army Material Systems Analysis AgencyBuilding 392Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005LibraryCommanding GeneralArmy M issile CommandRedstone Scientific Information CenterRedstone Arsenal, Alabama 35809

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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued) CopiesCommanding OfficerEglin A ir Force Base, Florida 32542ADTC (DLOSL), Technical LibraryCommanderAir Force Armament LaboratoryRT D Weapons DivisionTechnology Branch (ADLRW)Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542

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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)Copies

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