GHK International

UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN

SETTLEMENTSUNCHS (Habitat)

http://www.fukuoka.unchs.org/

GHK International

UNCHS (Habitat)

Agency of the United Nations System Responsible for Coordinating Issues of Urbanization and Shelter

1976 UN Conference on Human Settlements (Vancouver)1978 Establishment UNCHS Headquarters 1987 International Year of Shelter 1989 Global Shelter Strategy for the Year 2000 (GSS)1996 2nd UN Conference on Human Settlements:

Habitat II (Istanbul, Turkey)

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Security Council

GeneralAssembly

Trusteeship Council

Economic and

Social Council

Secretariat

Court of

Justice

ILOFAO

UNESCOIFCIDA

IBRDWHOIMF

ICAOUPUITU

WMOIMO

WIPOUNIDOIFAO

UNDCPUNCTADUNICEFUNCHRUNITAR

UNDPUNFPAUNDRO

HABITATINSTRAW

UNEPUNUWFCIFAO

UN FAMILY and Habitat

• Belongs to UN ECOSOC

• Secretariat of UN HSC

• Headquarters in Nairobi

• Two Regional Offices (Rio, Fukuoka)

Human Settlements: What is it?

A complex and a comprehensive concept: ……not just housing

HousingSafe WaterWaste DisposalDrainageAccess Roads

EmploymentPovertyEducation HealthTransportation

Policies & StrategiesCity PlanningGovernanceUrban FinanceDecentralization

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Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements - Istanbul 1996

Habitat II

• Adequate Shelter for All• Sustainable Development in an Urbanising World

Implementation ofImplementation of

Habitat AgendaHabitat Agenda

URBAN

Urban Services

Urban Environment

Urban Management

Urban Poverty

Land

Housing Finance

Housing Policies

Construction Industry

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENTHUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT

HOUSING

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GLOBAL CAMPAIGNS

• Security of Tenure

• Urban Governance

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How does Habitat work?

Governments Local Governments Private Sector NGOs & CBOs Communities

Promote and Consolidate Collaboration with all Partners

Basic PrinciplesBasic Principles

Complement National Complement National EffortEffort

Promote SustainabilityPromote Sustainability Ensure ReplicabilityEnsure Replicability Support DecentralizationSupport Decentralization

Seek Strategic Seek Strategic Interventions Interventions

Promote ParticipationPromote Participation Strengthen PartnershipsStrengthen Partnerships Transfer TechnologyTransfer Technology

Habitat Habitat Operational ActivitiesOperational Activities

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Major UNCHS(Habitat) Projects

Afghanistan– Rebuilding Communities in Urban Afghanistan

– Improving Access to Drinking Water in Mazar-I-Shariff

– Shelter Rehabilitation in Afghanistan

Bangladesh– Local Partnerships for Urban Poverty Alleviation

Bhutan– National GIS Institution Building

Cambodia– Support to Phnom Penh Squatter Communities

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Major UNCHS(Habitat) Projects China

– Sustainable City Shenyang

– Sustainable City Wuhan

East Timor– Land and Property Administration

India– Sustainable Urban Development Madras

– City Development Strategy Hyderabad

Indonesia– Enabling Strategy for Shelter Development

– Partnerships for Urban-Rural Linkages

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Major UNCHS(Habitat) Projects

Myanmar– Community Water Supply and Sanitation

Nepal– Rural-Urban Partnerships Programme

Philippines– Strengthening Local Environmental Planning & Management

Sri Lanka– Sustainable Colombo Core Area Project

Viet Nam– Support for Local Planning of Provincial Cities

GHK International

UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

UNCHS (Habitat)

For more information:

www.fukuoka.unchs.org/

Myth The poor are dangerous and bad people.

Reality• The poor dump garbage and discharge wastewater, as they often do

not have access to basic services including collection services. *Given opportunities and provisions, they are able to collect garbage within community and keep their settlements clean. (KIP).

• As the poor often do not have secure tenure, they don’t feel ownership for their neighbourhood thus reducing incentives to keep their environment clean.

*With a little support and secure tenure, the poor are able to build their own lives and improve the living conditions

• The poor are not given fare opportunities to education and skills training.

*Given opportunities, they are able to run their own businesses

Myth and Reality of the Poor

Myth The poor are not able to pay for anything

RealityThe poor often pay higher charges than better off for basic services such as water. As a result, they pay disproportionate fees to their income. The poor, as their choices are limited, they are often exploited by monopolised services.

• With a little support, the poor have demonstrated that they contribute labour and funds for their community based projects.

Myth and Reality of the Poor

Myth and Reality of the PoorMyth The poor are the hindrance to urban development

Reality• Given enabling environment, they are able to contribute to the

development of the city by being involved in planning, designing, implementing and managing community based small-scale infrastructure activities.

• By local governments creating an enabling environment where the poor can help themselves, cities can increase its resource pool.

Correlation Between UrbanCorrelation Between UrbanEnvironment And PovertyEnvironment And Poverty

Toilets over swamp

Direct discharge of waste water to nearby ponds / rivers

Illegal dumping of garbage

Urban PoorCommunity

Unable to Access

Basic Services

Degradation of urban environment at micro- level due to dense population

Affecting poor the most

Daily Income & Expenditure - Example -

Income:Husband (43 yrs old) 3,000-4,000 Riel

Construction WorkerWife (39 yrs old) 2,000-3,000 Riel

Produce/sell cucumber pickles 6 ChildrenBamboo/Galvanized iron shelter (12m2)

Total Income 5,000 7,000 Riel =$1.30 - $1.80

Fire Wood

Cucumber

Food

Rice

Medicine

Expenditure:Food 1,800 Riel $ 0.47

30 %Rice (2kg) 2,000 Riel $ 0.52

34 %Firewood 200 Riel $ 0.05

3 %Cucumber 1,200 Riel $ 0.31

20 %Medicine 800 Riel $ 0.21

13.%Total Expenditure 6,000 Riel $ 1.56

US$ 1 = about 3,830 Riel

Problem No saving to for emergency due to the irregular income

Barriers…not only incomeWater, Sanitation

Health / Education

prej

udic

e

Shelter

Training / Skills

Lack

of

nego

tiat

ion

skill

s

(Partnership)

Job marketC

orruption

Lack of organisation

government

The Poor

Illeg

al

resi

denc

e

No training

On the Railroad...

On the Roof Top...

In the Garbage..

On the Drains..

On the Road side…

A New life

on the New Land...

Out of Vicious Cycle

Loss of House

Poverty

Disease/Disaster

Economic Activities

Stable Income / Better Living Condition

• Income Generation• Apprenticeship

Programme• Skills Development• Training / Education

Human Settlements Improvement by enhancing accessibility to basic services

• Water & Sanitation/Health• Secure Tenure• Savings / Credits (Urban Poor

Fund)• Footbridge, etc.

High-Interest Loan Interest 300%

No Indebtedness

COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY

Participatory Approach

SUPPORT

Private Company

CommunitiesNGOs

MPP

CDMC

Government

Communities

Community Development Management Committees

(CDMC)

Policy

ProgrammeLessons Learned

Institutional Capacity (Organizational / Managerial)

Financial Resources

Human Resources

Technical

Regulatory Framework

Municipality

Sustainable Scenario - Phnom Penh

District Office

Lessons Learnt - urban poor communities in the city have enormous potential for individual and community based self-

improvement, IF: support is provided in terms of education, training,

credit, security of tenure and technical advice;

the government creates an environment within which the urban poor can realise this potential;

decisions on policies and programmes

affecting the urban poor are made at the

lowest possible level of government and

in close consultation with those affected.

Lessons Learnt - urban poor communities in the city have enormous potential for individual and community based

self-improvement, IF:

legal, procedural, financial and practical barriers to self-improvement by the urban poor are removed;

partnerships are developed between urban poor communities and

other urban actors (government, NGOs, private sector) based on mutual respect;

Habitat Projects Approach Self-reliance

Empower Communities to help themselves

Sustainability What can we leave in the country at the end of the Project?

Replication Learn from Best Practices that have been successfully implemented

in other countries and build on it

Participation/Partnership Participatory Approach is essential to achieve

Self-reliance & Sustainability. Partnership Building

is time consuming but proved to be the best way

Learning-by-doing Solutions should be found internally not externally

based on based on trials & errors

Barriers…not only incomeWater, Sanitation

Health / Education

prej

udic

e

Shelter

Training / Skills

Lack

of

nego

tiat

ion

skill

s

(Partnership)

Job marketC

orruption

Lack of organisation

government

The Poor

Illeg

al

resi

denc

e

No training

Water, Sanitation

Health / Education

prej

udic

e

ShelterSkills

Lack

of

nego

tiat

ion

skill

s

(Partnership)

Job market

Corruption

Lack of organisation

government

The Poor

Illeg

al

resi

denc

e

REMOVINGBarriers..…

No training

Water, Sanitation

Health / Education

Training / Skills

(Partnership)

Job market

government

The Poor

Access to…

Shelter

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How can YOU contribute?

Globalise, decentralised, IT nised world Policy influenced by global policy

- Promote link between communities and communities beyond national boundaries for better world- Environment and Poverty as business- Transferring bad experiences and provide best practices but do not impose.- Removing barriers

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Vielen Danke!!

For more information:

www.fukuoka.unchs.org/