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Gettysburg Address

By Erica Hsieh, David, Rice Ethan Bumpers, and Zoe Goldberger

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Battle of Gettysburg

•July 1, 1863•Three days long•Army of North Virginia under the Confederate General Robert E. Lee•Army of Potomac under the command of Union Maj. Gen. George G. Meade and General Reynolds, who died in battle

The Battle of Gettysburg Repulse of Longstreet's Assault, by James Walker, oil on canvas

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

GettysburgAntietam

Vicksburg

North

4,708 killed  12,693 wounded

5,830 captured or missing23,231 total amount casualties

The Battle of Gettysburg

Robert E. Lee

George G. Meade

South 3,155 killed 14,531 wounded   5,369 captured or missing 23,055 total casualties

CasualtiesRobert F. Reynolds

Reynolds and Meade were

about 10th in a long line of

Union generals, and all had been

fired.

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

The Battlefields

•July 3rd, 1863•Infantry assault called Pickett's Charge.•Lee ordered Pickett’s Charge on General Meade and Union forces at Cemetery Hill, forced Confederates to charge uphill into open gunfire, a suicide mission, killing 40% of the Confederates

Cemetery Hill

Timothy H. O’Sullivan, 1863•Dead Confederates without shoes, because the survivors

needed them•Their pockets are turned inside out: survivors did not stop at shoes

A Harvest of Death

“A battle has been often the subject of elaborate description; but it can be described in one simple word, devilish! and the distorted dead recall the ancient legends of men torn in pieces by the savage wantonness of fiends”-Alexander Gardner, caption for photo in

Gardner’s Photographic Sketchbook of the War, published 1865-1866

Siege of Vicksburg• May 11-June

4• Union victory• By the time of

the Address, Vicksburg, too, had be won: more support for Lincoln

A Turning Point: Battle and Speech• Union had been losing battles, and their

only “victory”, at Antietam, was a stalemate. Gettysburg was their first big victory.

• Most presidential speeches are boring, and long. The Gettysburg Address is short, eloquent, poetic, and graceful.

• The speech told the public why America was special, and worth fighting for.

Gettysburg Address

Themes• New birth of Freedom• War is about slavery• Union must be saved (Nationalism)• Valor of all who fought• War must be won

Effect• “All men are created equal” became

rallying cry for the last three years of the war

• Last line is the definition of Democracy we use today

• Turned tide of popular sentiment against the south even further

• Made even more Union troops angry because they thought they were fighting for the Union not slavery

New birth of freedom• The Gettysburg Address made the war

ABOUT slavery.

• “New Birth of Freedom” turned the Civil War into a labor that would end with another chance to follow through with the idea that “all men are created equal.”

Equal Rights• The Gettysburg address states that the union is

fighting for a sense of equality between men.

• Throughout history equality has been extended to include more groups of people.

Rich white men

All white men

All men, regardless o

f color

Men and women

• This famous phrase marks Lincoln’s theme of democracy due to its themes of letting the people rule the government that rules them.

• Theme running through American history even years prior to the Gettysburg Address. For example, in the Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster’s debate with South Carolina Senator Haynes, in 1830

“…of the people, by the people, for the people…”

Daniel Webster, Massachusetts Senator, who, by popular opinion, might have become President, said, in 1830, that government and the source of its power is:

“…that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth”

NOT A NEW IDEA

"the people's constitution, the people's government; made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people”

GOVERNMENT

1) What military tactic did Lee employ that killed 40% of his men?

a) Fence Chargec) Lattice Warfare

b) Pickett’s Charged) Lickety Fudge

MINI-QUIZWARNING!!!

2) Which of the following statements is wrong?

a) The Gettysburg Address defined Democracy as nobody had before

c) Lee led the Confederates and Meade the Union at the battle of Gettysburg

b)Lincoln used “Four score and seven years” instead of “87” because is sounded better

d) The battle ended just before the Fourth of July

MINI-QUIZWARNING!!!

MINI-QUIZWARNING!!!

2) SHOUT IT OUT: which generals were at the Battle of Gettysburg?

Le eReynolds

GrantUlys

ses

Robert

ReynoldsMorrisonW

infield Scott

Johnston

Twiggs

Robert E. LeeGeorge G. Meade

Robert F. Reynolds

Any questions?

And now for the Harkness…