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Point Energy Innovations

Getting to Zero Forum

PG&E ZNE School PilotCalifornia Proposition 39

Presented byAlexis Karolides, Point Energy Innovations

April 18, 2018

Point Energy Innovations

CA Energy Commission Prop 39

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Grants for CA K-12 energy retrofits with Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) >1.01

SIR = NPV of energy & maintenance savingsproject installation cost - rebates - other grants - non-energy benefits

PG&E ZNE Pilot:

Finding cost-effective efficiency

measures to roll out across CA

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Point Energy Innovations

Prioritize ZNE sites across the whole district

• Need for better comfort, daylight, etc.

• Savings potential

• Alignment with scheduled replacements & renovations (equipment, roofs)

• Schools with a practical ability to site PV

• Funding

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Evaluate the school• School /district goals, funding & implementation strategy

• Where to put solar PV?

• Planned retrofits

• Behavior & preferences (active or passive systems,

maintenance team needs)

• Local requirements (wages vs. SIRs, idiosyncratic

inspectors)

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Evaluate efficiency opportunities• Daylighting / lighting - undoing the 1970’s

• Building envelope

• HVAC replacement schedule

• Portables - condition of lighting & Bard units

• BMS / Occ sensors? Are lights/HVAC left on?

Painted clerestories

Dark film

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Excess lighting

Dark ceilings

Goal: daylight without glare

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Restore daylight Avoid glare

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Planning the retrofit

• Identify school’s goals, funding & implementation strategy

• Model the base case, onsite PV capacity, and efficiency needed for ZNE

• Analyze EEMs & select a package that meets SIR and other school goals

• Implement & monitor

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Point Energy Innovations

Important maintenance task

Efficiency first

Design Solutions

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Approaching the Retrofit in the Right Order

• People

• Align with other retrofits

• Efficiency first

• Optimize design

• Optimize equipment

• Then add PV, maybe storage

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People matter most• Glare-free natural light

• Views

• Clean fresh air

• Quiet

• Thermally comfortable

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Nueva School, Leddy Maytum Stacey

Marin County Day School, EHDD

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Daylighting

Students in daylit schools progress 20-26% faster on test scores

--Heshong Mahone Group, Pacific Gas & Electric Daylighting Study 2002

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CO2 Levels Affect Cognition - up to 300%

CO2 controlled (or LEED level) ventilation can improve both energy efficiency and air quality

Allen et al (2015), Harvard Study

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Implications of not running ventilation system“The HVAC [standard Bard unit] is so loud, I heat the classroom before school starts, but then I just leave it off when I’m teaching”

--OUSD teacher, 2016

HVAC provides 15 cfm/person required by law, only when heating or cooling, or fans are on manually. Teachers struggling to teach over noisy HVAC sometimes preferred to suffer in a hot, cold, stuffy room

--LBNL Study, 2002

CO2 Level in Portables, before & after new HVAC w/ERV

--Florida Portable Classroom Study (1999)

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• Resistance to upgrade

• Noisy HVAC - poor IAQ

• Poor daylight & views

• Poor energy performance

The 30% “temporary” conundrum

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PG&E goal: ubiquitous technologies to roll out in CA

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Address “temporary” classrooms

Inefficient, noisy units have quiet efficient versions

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Point Energy Innovations

Add affordable skylighting

Many schools are one- or two- story

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Replace interior lamps & exterior fixtures with LEDs

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Point Energy Innovations

Identify deferred maintenance & upgrade HVAC

Equipment replacement may not meet SIR unless unit is at the end of its useful life anyway

More efficient HVAC may be heavier – may need custom tall aluminum air handlers to meet weight limits

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Target practical PV locations

• Rooftop PV requires 20-yr roof warranty; maybe structural review

• Target schools with new roofs for adding PV

• Canopy PV may be cheaper

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Newcastle elementary school: 32% energy savings

Oakland elementary school: 30% energy savings

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Junior college savings: ~60% From a 60 kBtu/sf-yr energy guzzler to 27 kBtu/sf-yr (or lower) and ZNE

What could possibly go wrong?

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• Complicated state approvals (got time?)

• Asbestos? Lead? Conflicting retrofit?

• Local contractor shortage, high prevailing wages?

• Efficient rooftop HVAC unit is too heavy?

• Oops – they don’t like it (and six other reasons to nix the daylighting)

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Engage occupants

• Test non-dimmable Solatubes and lights

• Monitor end use - add visual display!

• Use CO2 sensors; adequately ventilate

• Use of blinds to redirect, not block out daylight

• User manual / training

• Teaching opportunities for students!

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Ecobee Smart Thermostat has logging capability for temperature and setpoint settings

Using blinds for daylighting

Oakland5201 Harbord Dr.Oakland, CA 94618

San Francisco220 Montgomery St. Suite 321San Francisco, CA 94104

Phone: (415) 663-6340

Thank You

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Lessons Learned• ZNE retrofits can uncover dramatic unmetered inefficiency

• Plan needed for 30% “portable” classrooms (need IAQ, acoustics daylight, efficiency; yet meet DSA)

• Many retrofits can’t compete based on SIR

• SIR of replacing light fixtures (and triggering T24) can’t compete with re-lamping

• Many IEQ retrofits (quieter Bards, daylight) may not compete on SIR alone

• High efficiency HVAC may not meet SIR unless due for replacement anyway

• Heavier (more efficient) HVAC units trigger structural review (try customizing)

• Heat pumps can cost-effectively replace aging boilers (except CEC favors gas over electric)

• Overworked maintenance staff favor time- and energy saving of BMS

• User training is essential to reap the energy benefit of daylighting27